Penicillin

The ethical violation that took place in the Tyskee Syphilis study were biased and disrespectful. The participants of the study definitely were not treated with concern, they were misled with promises of “free medical care” that lead them to believe that whatever they had would be treated and disclosed. The experimenters never disclosed all the information to the participants that would be relevant to them to participate. The participants were never given the opportunity to ask questions about…

never told they had the disease, and were not given a cure. The PHR knowingly withheld treatment in the name of science that could have saved hundreds of lives. Alternatively, the goal of the Guatemalan study was supposed to determine the effect of penicillin for the prevention and treatment of syphilis. The subjects in this study were infected with the disease, given treatment and then re-infected and was never made aware of what was taken place. Research ethics states, subjects in a research…

Allie is a 5 year old who presents with frequency and burning upon urination. This started 1 day ago. No fever, and she wet the bed last PM. No prior history of UTI. Vomited x1 yesterday. Her weight is 46 pounds (46lbs= 20, 9 kg= 21 kg). Exam. Unremarkable. Some regionalized abdominal pain. No suprapubic tenderness. Urine dip in office reveals 2+ bacteria, +nitrites, neg blood, glucose, ketones. Perineal area slightly excoriated. What would your treatment plan be for this patient?…

and shown safe and effective on animals fail on human trials. Of the small percentage that do work half are relabeled because of side effects not revealed in animal tests. Testing on an animal shows almost no correlation to the effect on humans. Penicillin kills guinea pigs but is inactive in rabbits. Aspirin kills cats and causes birth defects in rats, mice,…

BMS524 Case study: Epidemiology of an outbreak of nosocomial infection The surgical unit in a large and busy teaching hospital has experienced an infection control problem. 48h postoperatively two patients on one ward and one patient on a different ward became pyrexial (elevated body temperature) with signs of a local wound infection. Swabs were taken of the wounds and sent for microscopic analysis (see above) and microbiological investigation. A Gram stain of the wound swab revealed the…

Introduction Antibiotics has changed modern medicine into what we know today, saving many lives and alleviating the suffering of individuals [1]. Around the 1940s, the use of penicillin and streptomycin effectively controlled the prevalence of bacterial infections, dramatically improving life expectancy [2]. However, antibiotic resistance started to evolve and there is a constant demand for the development of new compounds as the lifespan of pre-existing antibiotics is significantly reduced [3]…

Tetanus is a disease that primarily affects the nervous system. The disease symptoms have been known since the ancient times, but the organism behind it was identified and isolated late in the 19th century and early in the twentieth century.4 Tetanus manifests in involuntary spasms of muscles beginning with facial muscles for generalized tetanus1. Stiffness of the neck is also experienced. The bacteria Clostridium tetani is responsible for production of toxins that cause tetanus. This bacterium…

Being a transmissible mastitis bacterium, S. aureus represents a risk for mastitis outbreaks occurring in a herd [201], and it is important to monitor herds where S. aureus frequently causes IMI. S. aureus has been isolated from the majority of dairy herds in many locations. In Ontario, Canada, S. aureus-infected cows were detected in 92% of the herds [202]. On Prince Edward Island, Canada, S. aureus was recorded in 70% of the herds studied by [203]. In the same area, at least 74% of the herds…

Health plays an important role in everyday life. Being healthy is not just being free of disease. Health is a state of being physically fit, mentally stable, and socially comfortable. It is not lifestyle choices or medical treatments that are the primary factors shaping health. It is the experiences within the living experiences called social determinants of health which includes stress, bodies and illness, income and income distribution, education, unemployment and job security, employment and…

Cephalosporins are a β-lactam grounded antibiotic interfere positively preventing peptidoglycan cell wall construction. It does that through (PBPs) that prevent penicillin-binding proteins from joining muramyl-pentapeptide precursor site D-alanyl-Dalanine, so its stronger than penicillin (Dancer, 2001). In these antibiotics resistance happened through the nature of bacteria, which have chromosomally mediated β-lactamase able or skilled to destroy the structure of lactam ring…