Olfactory receptor neuron

1b.). Next, the primary follicle acquires multiple layers of granulosa, a zona pellucida and theca interna which signifies the secondary follicle. It is these structures that start to express the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) (5). At this stage follicle stimulating hormone receptors (FSHR) are also expressed and the secondary follicle undergoes gonadotropin-dependent growth through the effects of both follicular LHR and FSHR activation (4). The secondary follicle progressively gains a…

As people become older, they experience “mental difficulties”, “a dwindling attention span”, and they begin to forget even the simplist of things (Barrett). However, some people, known as “superagers”, are able to keep their memory sharp and remain as attentive as a 25 year old. The question now is, what differentiates the two groups of people? Using magnetic resonance imaging, a study was done that identifies a “set of brain regions that distinguished the two groups” where the regular agers…

Summary/Review Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT) is a common form of dementia that affects individual’s memories. They can be long term or short term and can consist of loss of recent conversation, events and names. The article “Emotional Recognition from Face, Voice, and Music in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type” focused on the “emotional recognition from both face and voice” (Drapeau, Gosselin, Gagon, Peretz, & Lorrain, 2009). According to Drapeau et al., during the onset stages of…

If people with mild Alzheimer’s come in counter with the therapy of Deep Brain Stimulation then most common mental functions, and some memory shouldn’t be completely lost. Deep Brain Stimulation is kind of like an electrical shock. It is sending waves to block off faulty signals in the brain that would other wise cause problems to the brain or body. It’s not to cure most cases, but more of when your medicine isn’t working anymore, or to slow down the issue. It started with forty-two patients.…

Because the most significant cause of Alzheimer’s disease is age, a sufferer is likely to have inherited the disease if they develop it at a particularly young age, even though these gene mutations are rare. Alzheimer’s disease has also shown to be inherited through a more complex pattern rather than a single gene mutation. For example, the gene ‘apolipoprotein E’ (which is found in chromosome 19) transports lipoproteins, vitamins and cholesterol into the lymph system and consequently into the…

Deep Brain Stimulation Deep brain stimulation is a surgery that involves the implanting of electrodes in certain areas of the patient’s brain. Electrical impulses are produced by these electrodes to regulate any abnormal impulses in the brain. These electrical impulses can also affect certain chemicals and cells in the brain. The amount of stimulation that the brain receives in this procedure is controlled by a device, much like a pacemaker, placed under the patient’s skin in the upper chest. A…

LEBER HEREDITARY NEUROPATHY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Three mitochondria mutations contribute to Leber hereditary neuropathy disease. The three mitochondria mutations G11778A, G3460A, T14484C occurs inside of complex 1 Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Chinnery et al., 2001). Complex 1 NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase is mainly for the transferring of electrons within the mitochondrial in the respiratory chain (Garmier et.al, 2008). When the respiratory chain is not…

Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disease, and a chronic condition, which means it progressively gets worse overtime. There is a substance called myelin that wraps around your nerves to protect them, but MS breaks down that substance, and your body attacks itself. The unprotected nerves can't function as they would with normal healthy myelin. The damaged nerves produce many symptoms. Some symptoms include; trouble walking, feeling tired, muscle weakness, blurred vision, numbness and tingling…

This paper explores the published articles that report on results from research conducted on the central nutrients influence for child’s brain development and function during pregnancy and after birth as well as how it is affect to their adulthood. Brain development begins prenatally and continues through school age. It begins with the formation of brain cells, followed by cell migration and differentiation, and the development of synapses to enable cells to communicate with one another. Myelin…

Smooth E.R. are a series of interconnected tubes that connect from the nuclear envelope to the golgi apparatus, they send substances to the golgi apparatus, which then package and send them to other areas of the cell. Smooth E.R. also produce and metabolizes lipids, as well as producing steroid hormones, especially in the adrenal cortex and the endocrine glands. Smooth E.R. also play a large role in detoxifying organic chemicals, especially in the liver, converting them into substances that are…