Olfactory system

many higher order organisms utilize both olfaction and gustation for chemosensitivity, majority of animals rely on the former as the primary chemosensory modality (Reviewed from Lledo et al, 2005). The mammalian olfactory system controls a plethora of functions such as homeostasis, emotions such as fear, anger, pleasure and anxiety, sexual and maternal functions as well as communal behaviours such as distinguishing between tribe or family and outsiders (Lledo et al, 2005). Rodents have a separate organ known as the vomeronasal organ to detect chemical compounds such as…

The olfactory system, the sensory system contributing to the sense of smell, is often overlooked by the average person causing distortion as to how it functions, coupled with the gustatory system, to differentiate the different flavors in food which in turn allows us to classify food as delicious, good, unpleasant, or disgusting. In the other hand, the same can’t be said for the food industry, who spent numerous resources into understanding this specific sensory systems with the aim of…

Overview Communication is the basis for all primate social behavior. Primates communicate using a variety of modalities including olfaction, vision, and audition. While primate communication is an extensively researched topic, not all modalities have received the same amount of research. Acoustic communication has been the most often studied, followed by visual and then olfactory (Semple & Higham, 2013). Typically primates are considered visual animals and several species have the ability to…

Aromatherapy is defined as the controlled use of essential plant oils for preventative and therapeutic purposes (Koo, 2017). The term “aromatherapy” was not coined until much later by Rene-Maurice Gatteefosse, who experimented with aromatherapy in World War I for wound treatment (Butje, Repede, 2008). Since then, oils have been used in the UK and Europe for treatment but still has not debuted in the United States as a prescribed form of treatment (Butje, Repede, 2008). Essential oils act on the…

anatomy and structure of Gray wolves in Yellowstone, here is a list of the main characteristics of these predators: - Long legs, narrow chest and flexible feet (with four toes on hindfoot and five on forefoot – only four touching the ground when walking); - Elongated skull with very large nasal cavity and olfactory region (which is fourteen times bigger than the ones of humans); - Forty-two teeth: large canines (at least 5 cm long) and incisors to hold preys, carnassial to chew flash and…

The Effect of Incongruent Background Color on Odor Perception The olfactory perception is the one sense that is the most difficult to describe in words. It is also a rather personal sense since people connect scents with certain memories or images of their lives. When people are asked to imagine the scent of lavender, some might think about their mother’s laundry detergent that smelled like lavender, which she used when they were younger. But to imagine scent without thinking of an actual image…

the WWA. The man, whose name was Richard, explained to Allor about Lila’s special abilities, and how she would be put into Magicae Academy and learn how to control her powers. The school accepted ages 5-20, and the students spent nearly fifteen years there studying and practicing magic, along with learning the regular curriculum of the American school system. The students would stay at the academy throughout the school year, September through May, and come home during the summer. Lila was in…

scientist made the discoveries about genetic, and cellular mechanisms responsible for the sense of smell in human beings, and other organisms. People detect smells by breathing in air that carries odors. Odors come from molecules that have been released into the air from many different substances. These molecules stimulate olfactory receptor cells inside the nose. The receptor cells send impulses created by the odor along the olfactory nerves. The nerve impulses travel to the brain, then…

Behavioral and Neural Events in the Olfactory System Olfaction is dependent on a large network of multiple primary and secondary processing centers connected in parallel and serial manners. Some of these centers are linked with non-olfactory regions. Olfactory receptor neurons project into the olfactory bulb which projects to the olfactory cortex. The olfactory cortex is a three layered cortex with several distinct sub-regions, the largest being the pyriform cortex. The other main components of…

amygdala” by Swanson and Petrovich asks whether the concept of structurally and functionally defined amygdala is truly valid or whether the concept is imposing illogical categorization on diverse structures that belongs to different functional systems. The authors discuss evidence that support latter is the case. Evidence from immunochemistry for GABA and in situ hybridization for glutamic acid decarboxylase suggest that the extrinsic projections of the central amygdalar nucleus (CEA) and medial…