Neurotransmitter

Inverse agonism has great potential as a possible therapeutic treatment option in the future” Inverse agonism: Inverse agonism is phenomenon associated with G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), in which inverse agonist binds to the same receptor as an agonist but induces an opposite pharmacological response to the agonist. For inverse agonist response the receptor must have an intrinsic activity in the absence of any ligand1,2. How inverse agonist act? According to the two state receptor theory,…

Researchers experiment with brain cells to understand the different pathways. As the follow experiment where researchers put glutamate in a culture where there were neurons and astrocytes. After a glucose use by cells, they saw an inhibition of the glucose transport into the neurons and this inhibition was stronger with add of lactate in the culture. This experiment show us that glutamate inhibited glucose transport into the neurons and in consequence inhibited glycolysis, and this is why it…

Phenylephrine is a α-1 adrenoceptor agonist (selective). Acetylcholine can act on nicotinic (nAChR) or muscarinic (mAChR) receptors. Parasympathetic cholinergic fibres can innervate the blood vessels and release ACh which subsequently binds muscarinic receptors present in the endothelium or smooth muscle. M3 receptors found on vascular endothelial tissue can be associated with the generation of nitric oxide which has the effect of dilating the blood vessel, this accounts for the reduction in…

The role of the neurotransmitter Dopamine upon behaviour Neurotransmitters are molecules which communicate information between neurons and their target cells across small biological junctions, called chemical synaptic (Comer, 2013). Within the brain there are many different neurotransmitters which send different electrical signals to other areas within the brain, which control many different functions of the human body. Dopamine is commonly associated with the feelings of pleasure, this is…

information away from one cell to another. 3. Excitatory neurotransmitters stimulate…

drugs becomes dangerous fast because of the effect they have on neurotransmitters in the brain. Neurotransmitters act as the brain’s chemical messenger, and there are different kinds that perform different functions. The brain actually produces its own opiates, and it has opiate receptors. Naturally occurring opiates are released when the body experiences pain to lessen the pain and boost mood. These opiates are a type of neurotransmitter, called endorphins. Because the brain produces its own…

throughout the body. The neuron is composed of several parts in its structure and to ensure interneuron communication, it uses neurotransmitters which have a tremendous effect on our mood and behavior. The neuron is composed of 5 main parts, the cell body, dendrite, the axon, myelin sheath, terminal buttons, all are composed together to form the…

The difference between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters are excitatory neurotransmitters lead to changes that generate action potential in a responding neuron. Inhibitory neurotransmitters block the changes that cause action potential to be generated in the responding cell. The function of receptors are to bind a specific chemical substance. An example of this would be, "...a dopamine but does not bind other neurotransmitters such as serotonin" (NIDA. 1996. 47)." The blood…

brain and the nerve cells helps the brain to carry the right action. Action potentials are housed by neuron structures which are made up of axons and dendrites. The synapses is the little gap between neurons across which they communicate with neurotransmitters. Every neuron usually has only one axon which can be short or long leaving the cell body however some of them can have many branches. The cell body receives…

stimulant that causes brain dysfunctions. Methamphetamine increases release of neurotransmitter dopamine that is involved in reward and generation of pleasurable emotions (Volkow, 2001). Repeated use of methamphetamine causes excessive release of dopamine and results in the loss of behavioural control (Volkow et al., 2007). This report will first introduce physiology of reward and pleasure and role of neurotransmitter…