Acetylcholine

certain drugs are added to them. This practical was used to observe the dose-responses in a guinea pig ileum when acetylcholine (Ach) was added at various concentration of 10-3 M, 10-4 M and 10-5 M. The dose responses was also observed, when atropine was added to the organ bath with acetylcholine and a dose-response graph was drawn from the sets of data to obtain a Emax and EC50s for both the acetylcholine and the acetylcholine with atropine added. The Emax for the acetylcholine was 2.2 g while with the atropine added it was 2.6 g and the Emax for the acetylcholine was 6.1 x 10-5 and with the atropine added it was 7.2 x 10-4. Introduction…

Acetylcholine has two types of receptors: muscarinic and nicotinic, these receptors are functionally and structurally different. Nicotinic receptors are ionotropic, meaning that ions flow through it when acetylcholine binds to it. It acts as a channel for the ions that cross it, especially sodium, and this causes the depolarization of the cell. There are two types of nicotinic receptors formed by different subunits, N1 are found in the neuromuscular junctions allowing muscle movement, and N2 is…

Acetylcholine Research Forums The following members Li Jiang, Lorna Role, and David Talmage were able to develop a method towards controlling mice memories, by manipulating the neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. 1.) Purpose: As of this article Science Daily, “previous research has suggested that cholinergic input to the amygdala appears to strengthen emotional memories.” Memory that could be tuned, providing dreadful memories or dementia can be erased furthermore gone from the human’s…

To understand the effects of agonists and competitive antagonists the receptors involved must be identified first. There are 2 major groups of receptors present in rat ileum, the first being 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors and the second, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) – and of these two groups there are certain subtypes in the ileum contributing to its tone, motility, secretion and blood flow. The 5-HT receptor subtypes most prevalent in the rat ileum were, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B,…

One of the drugs used to help improve muscle contraction and increase muscle contraction are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. This allows acetylcholine to be bound to the few available receptors for longer amount time. In general, this approach is mostly beneficial for patients who have a milder form oft the disease. Furthermore, inhibitors like pyridostigmine may cause bradycardia, particularly in elderly patients. Doses in high amounts also cause increased muscle cramps, sweating, and…

which have at least one neuromuscular junction. A neuromuscular junction is the area of the skeletal muscle fiber that is innervated by a motor neuron (motor nerve). It plays a key role in body movement and breathing along with our nervous system. The synaptic knob, motor end plate, and the synaptic cleft are all key parts of the neuromuscular junction. The synaptic knob of an axon connects with a skeletal muscle fiber to form the neuromuscular junction. The synaptic knob has numerous synaptic…

attack the receptors for acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which prevents the muscle contraction during acetylcholine transmission (Jones 2009). Acetylcholine is an organic molecule found in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system (Jones 2009). It is responsible for activating the muscle fibers in the body, causing them to perform a particular function (Jones 2009). Myasthenia gravis is characterized by muscle weakness that deteriorates during periods of…

Myasthenia gravis What is myasthenia gravis? Myasthenia gravis is a medical condition characterized by autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in muscle weakness. Patients often have involvement of their ocular (eye) and bulbar muscles. The bulbar muscles are located in the head and are important for chewing and swallowing. Symptoms often include double vision, eyelid drooping, slurred speech, and dysphagia (trouble swallowing) due to muscle…

2b). A minimum heart rate of 33.7 + 0.577 beats/min (N=3) was observed with no additions. After the addition of ephinephrine, a significant increase in heart rate from 33.7 + 0.577 beats/min (N=3) to 37.7 + 0.577 beats/min (N=3) was observed. After the addition of eserine, no significant difference in heart rate was observed relative to the baseline value. Following the addition of atropine, a significant increase in heart rate from 33.7 + 0.577 beats/min (N=3) to 37.7 + 0.577 beats/min (N=3)…

1) How might these Symptoms have manifested? The symptoms the male student is experiencing may have been caused by a flaw in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles. Normally, when impulses travel down a nerve, the nerve endings receive a neurotransmitter substance called Acetylcholine. Acetylcholine travels from the neuromuscular junction and binds to acetylcholine receptors. Acetylcholine receptors are then activated and generate a muscle contraction. Normal communication between the…