latitude precipitation; the third group represents the mixing between the two groups. The greater the amount of modern precipitation and Nile water seepage, the greater the contribution from modern recharge and the less depleted the isotopic compositions become. Water samples were collected in the area around Dongola east and west of the Nile River. The water samples indicate a strong mixing of modern Nile water to the local groundwater, as Nile River is used for irrigation and for flooding the fields and these samples show also a strong evaporation effect due to the shallow depth to groundwater (Vrbka et al., 2008). According to Thorweihe and Heinl, (2002), Nile water seepage into the NSAS is possible to happen in three regions: (a) between Khartoum and Karima (southern rim of the basement outcrops north of Dongola) in the transition zone to the Blue Nile/Main Nile Rift System as the geological condition (permeability) is favorable, (b) south of the mouth of the Atbara river in the Dongola area, and (c) artificially along Lake Nasser as the level of the Nile water is higher than the groundwater table. 6.3.2. SOUTH of UWEINAT-ASWAN UPLIFT and NORTH SUDAN Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of groundwater samples, compiled by Sultan et al. (2013) from the unconfined NSAS south of the Uweinat–Aswan uplift are less depleted (δD: -77.07 to -62.6‰, average: -40.8‰ ± 5.6‰; δ18O: -9.1 to -4.6‰, average: -8.6‰ ± 1.4‰) (Fig. 3) compared to those north of the uplift (average…
Did you know that the Nile River is 4,123 miles long? To put that in some perspective that is about as long as 235 football fields. The Nile is not just another river, but a center source to some of the earth’s greatest civilizations. I am going to show you some facts about the Nile pertaining to its structure, civilizations, and religion influence of other great civilizations. The Nile River The Nile River is said to derive from two main sources. The Blue Nile starts from a spring 5,000 feet…
My favorite chapter in the book is chapter two, because it touches all bases of the lifestyle within Khartoum, except for the gendered rituals such as female circumcision. It was sad to read that civil war between men forced women and children to take on a nomadic lifestyle. The examples provided on pages sixty and sixty-one put me in better perspective about Sudan. “I don’t have money that covers my needs and living expenses. I suffer every day. First, there is no transportation where we live.…
Dreams serve as an effective way to look deeper into the character of a novel. Dreams allow authors to speak through their characters in a new way and act as a ploy to insert an idea or theme into a narrative, subtly. Dreams can speak to the mind of a character in profound and indirect way (WC) as well. Furthermore, dreams reflect both A Map of Home and Minaret and act as a motif to highlight the main characters as well as add to characterization. The two protagonists, Najwa and Nidali, come…
very tolerant and determined to see me through . You were such a wonderful motivetres. I aspire to emulate you Acknowledgment This project consumed huge amount of work, researches and dedication.Still implementation would not have been possible if I did not have a support of many individuals, therefore I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all Introduction Occupational and environmental exposure to petroleum refinery products poses a great threat to human health. Asthma symptoms after…
since South Sudan gained independence from Khartoum, Sudan in 2011, the border, the Nuba Mountains, left on Sudan’s side, had become the battlefield where Khartoum militants fought to destroy all the rebels in the border, affecting the Nubian people living in the area. Civilians were killed, and schools, homes, and hospitals were destroyed. The conflict in South Kordofan forced Nuba refugees to move away from the area. Many moved to its neighborhood, South Sudan, but Jalila Koko moved to…
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volcanic range Marrah Mountains in the west. Also in the west are the Highlands of Darfur and the Nile-Congo Watershed, also known as the Nile-Congo Divide. This, at 2,000 kilometers long, separates the drainage basins of the Nile River and the Congo River (Shaw). Sudan is home to one of the most important rivers in Africa. The Nile runs from south to north through east-central Sudan, approximately 800 kilometers through the country. Its tributaries, the Blue Nile from Ethiopia and the White…
Originally called the Darfur Liberation Front but soon it became the Army Movement of Sudan Liberation and had captured the town of Gulu in Darfur. His initial political claims are related to socio-economic development of the region, the dismantling of militias and tribal power sharing with the central government. But Khartoum called these people were "bandits" and there is was no way to negotiate. In April 2003, the Army / Sudan Liberation Movement had launched a surprise attack against El…
The organization most active, which attributed to him most military operations and its military wing (SLA) headed by the front Sudanese lawyer, a young (Abdel Wahed Mohamed el-Nur) and most of the commanders in the ranks of the movement were former officers in forces Chadian and Sudanese, talking political statements of the Movement for the marginalization hit the province of Darfur and the exclusion of children from the power-sharing, lack of basic services, where, as criticizing the dominance…