Bones

Even though there is a multitude of ways to treat osteosarcoma, the most conventional ways to treat it are through combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. It has been found that giving a patient chemotherapy before and after surgery is one of the most effective ways to cure osteosarcoma (1). However, in certain cases radiation therapy may be necessary. For nearly all cases of osteosarcoma, surgery is necessary. However, surgery alone is seldom successful because often…

A healthy homo sapiens has many parts of their body that work together in unison. The parts are bodily systems that play a specific role within each and every human being. In these systems there are specific organs that carry out the the jobs of the respective system. The systems that are included in the physical makeup of a human include the circulatory, immune, skeletal, excretory, muscular, endocrine, digestive, nervous and respiratory. These systems have major similarities that are shared…

Early diagnosis and treatment of arthritis can help sufferers to improve their mobility and delay or get rid of the negative effects of arthritis. If diagnosed early, arthritis is a manageable condition. Do not let this joint disease restrict your enjoyment of life. You have the power to control your health and live a normal life despite having arthritis if you know the best ways of managing painful arthritis. Arthritis is the inflammation of joints and its surrounding tissues and it is the…

Rhabdomyolysis is a severe syndrome caused by a direct or indirect skeletal muscle injury. The damage sustained results in the muscle fibres releasing calcium, creatine, potassium and other proteins and ions into the bloodstream [1]. High levels of blood potassium, known as hyperkalemia, can result in kidney failure and cardiac arrest. Severe muscle trauma can also cause damage and leakage of blood vessels, resulting in an increased level of pressure within the muscle compartments [2]. This…

While a genetic link to osteoporosis has been discovered, the gene itself has not yet been isolated. Despite this genetic link, scientists have discovered that osteoporosis has a nutritional component. Calcium deficiencies and hormonal deficiencies have also been linked to osteoporosis. Some people who have no genetic link to osteoporosis find themselves dealing with this condition due to other factors. For example, osteoporosis can be caused by extended treatment with steroids, kidney…

Chapter I The Problem and Its Scope Introduction The shoulder contains complicated groups of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bursae all involved in humeral and scapular kinematics (Terry & Chopp, 2000). Regular use of the arms can result in fatigue of shoulder musculature, which could lead to altered scapular kinematics during humeral elevation (Tsai, McClure, & Karduna, 2003). These changes in scapular kinematics can potentially lead to shoulder problems such as impingement syndrome,…

Legs are an important part of human life. Humans use their legs in almost every aspect of their life. For athlete's, legs are also very important. One important muscle group of the leg includes the quadriceps muscles, otherwise known as the quadriceps femoris. The quadriceps are made out of four other different muscles, that all work towards a specific function for the body. Although it might not be one of the most important muscles, the quadriceps muscles are a very important leg muscle that…

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGICAL 1. BLADDER CALCULUS – Bladder Calculus is also known as bladder stone and are caused due to building up of minerals in the body. 2. DIFFICULTY IN MICTURITION – Difficulty in micturition is known as difficulty in the discharge of the urine from the bladder. 3. TURD – Trans Urethral Resection of Prostate is a surgery used to treat urinary problems due to an enlarged prostate. 4. BNR – Bladder Neck Reconstruction 5. LSCS – Lower Segment Caesarean section is also called…

1. The major surface muscles include the following: Trapezius, Deltoids, latissimus dorsi, Pectoralis major, Biceps, Triceps, Rectus femoris, bicep femoris, semitendinosus, Gluteus muscles, abdominals, Lateral Gastrocnemius, serratus dorsi, external oblique, and soleus. Trapezius- Origin: Upper: Base of skull, Occipital protuberance and posterior ligaments of neck. Middle: spinous process of 7C and T1-T3 Lower: Spinous process of T4-T12 Insertion: Upper: Posterior aspect of the lateral…

Adhesive Capsulitis Adhesive capsulitis is inflammation of the tendons and ligaments surrounding the shoulder joint (shoulder capsule). This condition causes the shoulder to becomes stiff and painful to move. Adhesive capsulitis is also called frozen shoulder. CAUSES This condition may be caused by: An injury to the shoulder joint. Straining the shoulder. Not moving the shoulder for a period of time. This can happen if your arm was injured or in a sling. Long-standing…