Zoology Lab Exam 2

Front 1

Nematodes have what type of body cavity?

Back 1

pseudocoelomate

Front 2

Nematodes have what type of body symmetry?

Back 2

bilateral

Front 3

Nematodes have what type of skeleton?

Back 3

hydrostatic

Front 4

MOST nematodes are (monoecious/dioecious)

Back 4

dioecious

Front 5

MOST nematodes are (parasitic/free-living), but some are (parasitic/free-living)

Back 5

free-living; parasitic

Front 6

Nematodes have what type of muscles? How do they move?

Back 6

Longitudinal muscles; thrashing/ serpentine manner

Front 7

The cuticle is a protective covering for nematodes. What is it used for?

Back 7

Protection and locomotion

Front 8

Nematodes have: a complete digestive, excretory, circulatory, or respiratory system?

Back 8

Complete digestive and excretory system

Front 9

Name at least 2 ways to sex a whole Ascaris

Back 9

Males have hooked tails and females are larger in size

Front 10

How can you distinguish between a male and female Ascaris cross-section?

Back 10

Females have 2 larger tubes next to pseudocoeloms

Front 11

What features do nematodes have that are "evolutionary improvements" over Platyhelminthes?

Back 11

Body cavity and complete digestive and excretory system

Front 12

Rotifers have what type of body cavity?

Back 12

psudeocoelom

Front 13

Rotifers MOSTLY live in what type of habitat?

Back 13

Freshwater

Front 14

Rotifers have a complete digestive tract with salivary and gastric glands. (T/F)

Back 14

True

Front 15

Rotifers use what structure for both feeding and locomotion?

Back 15

Corona

Front 16

Rotifers use what structure to grind their food prior to digestion?

Back 16

Mastax

Front 17

Rotifers use what structure to anchor themselves to substrates?

Back 17

Foot

Front 18

Name the 5 clades of Mollusca

Back 18

Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, and Scaphopoda

Front 19

Molluscs have what type of symmetry and what type of skeleton?

Back 19

Bilateral symmetry; exoskeleton

Front 20

Molluscs have what type of body cavity?

Back 20

Coelom

Front 21

What structure shared by mammals and molluscs evolved convergently?

Back 21

Eyes

Front 22

Except cephalopods, Molluscs' bodies are basically bags of this blood-like, nutrient-rich fluid held within this cavity.

Back 22

Hemolymph within the hemocoel

Front 23

Molluscs have what type of circulatory system? What group is the exception to this rule?

Back 23

Open system; cephalopods

Front 24

Name the 4 parts of the Molluscan common body plan

Back 24

Shell, foot, visceral mass, mantle

Front 25

Define adaptive radiation

Back 25

Rapid speciation events caused by invasion of new niches accompanied by significant phenotypic changes

Front 26

What feature of molluscs was MOST modified and diversified in their adaptive radiations?

Back 26

Foot

Front 27

Name examples of clade Bivalvia.

Back 27

Clams, oysters, mussels, scallops, etc.

Front 28

What structure do bivavles use to close their shells?

Back 28

Adductor muscles

Front 29

How do bivalves feed?

Back 29

Filter feeding

Front 30

How do bivalves move?

Back 30

By opening and shutting their shells rapidly

Front 31

What is the umbo?

Back 31

Shell origination

Front 32

Which way is anterior/posterior on a bivalve?

Back 32

The umbo points to the anterior end

Front 33

What animals are included within clade Cephalopoda?

Back 33

Squids, octopuses, naautiluses, cuttlefishes, etc.

Front 34

What structures has the foot become in Cephalopods?

Back 34

Arms and tentacles

Front 35

What type of skeleton and circulatory system do cephalopods have?

Back 35

Exoskeleton; closed system

Front 36

How are squid arms and tentacles different?

Back 36

Tentacles are longer and used for attack

Front 37

Describe cephalopod movement using the terms mantle and siphon.

Back 37

Mantle fills with water and is expelled through the siphon

Front 38

What structure within shell-less cephalopods is all that remains of the shell?

Back 38

Pen

Front 39

Do polyplacophorans exhibit metamerism or segmentation?

Back 39

Neither

Front 40

What animals are examples of clade Polyplacophora?

Back 40

Chitons

Front 41

Are polyplacophorans usually monoecious or dioecious?

Back 41

Dioecious

Front 42

What organisms make up clade Scaphopoda?

Back 42

Tusk shells

Front 43

What organisms make up clade Gastropoda?

Back 43

Snails, slugs, conchs, whelks, etc.

Front 44

Which molluscan clade is most diverse?

Back 44

Gastropoda

Front 45

What developmental phenomenon causes Gastropods to appear asymmetrical and have their anuses positioned over their mouths?

Back 45

Torsion

Front 46

What type of body cavity do Annelids possess?

Back 46

Coelom

Front 47

What type of symmetry and skeleton do annelids possess?

Back 47

Bilateral symmetry; hydrostatic skeleton

Front 48

What is the name for the linear repetition of identical body segments (not segmented)?

Back 48

Metamerism

Front 49

What type of circulatory system do Annelids possess?

Back 49

Closed system

Front 50

What is the function of setae?

Back 50

Locomotion

Front 51

How many setae do polychaetes possess relative to other Annelids?

Back 51

Many

Front 52

What locomotor and respiratory structure are unique to Polychaetes?

Back 52

Parapodia

Front 53

What type of habitat do ALL polychaete worms live in?

Back 53

Marine

Front 54

What is the name and function of the segment immediately before a polychaete worm's head?

Back 54

Protostomium; houses sensory organs

Front 55

How many setae do oligochaetes possess relative to other Annelids?

Back 55

Few

Front 56

What types of muscles do Oligochaetes possess?

Back 56

Longitudinal and circular muscles

Front 57

How do oligochaete worms respire?

Back 57

Gas exchange across the skin

Front 58

What structure is used in reproduction by oglichaetes?

Back 58

Clitellum

Front 59

Are earthworms monoecious or dioecious?

Back 59

Monoecious

Front 60

Describe the mating routine of earthworms in detail. Use the terms seminal receptacle, seminal vesicles, clitellum, and mucus cocoon.

Back 60

Two earthworms align in the 69 position. 1) Mutual insemintation: sperm form each worm's seminal vesicles is deposited in the other worm's seminal receptacles. 2) After the worms separate, the clitellum secretes a mucus tube and a tough band of protein that forms a cocoon. 3) The developing cocoons collect eggs as they move up the worm (anteriorly) and slide over each worm's head. THE CLITELLUM DOES NOT COME OFF OF THE WORM. ONLY A MUCUS COCOON SECRETED BY THE CLITELLUM.

Front 61

How many setae do Hirudineans have?

Back 61

None

Front 62

What type of symbiosis is characteristic of this clade?

Back 62

Parasitism

Front 63

What animals comprise this clade?

Back 63

Leeches

Front 64

Arthropods have what type of body cavity?

Back 64

Coelom

Front 65

Arthropods have what type of appendages?

Back 65

Jointed

Front 66

(T/F) Arthropods are the most abundant and diverse clade within Animalia.

Back 66

True

Front 67

What are the advantages of an exoskeleton?

Back 67

Protection, prevent drying out, support

Front 68

What are the disadvantages of an exoskeleton?

Back 68

Limits body size, heavy, and vulnerable to cracks

Front 69

Are arthropods segmented? Metameric?

Back 69

They are segmented, but not metameric

Front 70

What is the term for multiple, different body sections?

Back 70

Tagmata

Front 71

What is the term for a compound body segment that results from fusion of two or more segments?

Back 71

Tagma

Front 72

Arthropods have what type of circulatory system with what type of "sloshy stuff"?

Back 72

Open system; hemolymph

Front 73

What is the ancestral leg number for Arthropods?

Back 73

10

Front 74

How many antennae do chelicerates have?

Back 74

None

Front 75

What type of specialized mouthparts do chelicerates have?

Back 75

Chelicerae

Front 76

What type of modified front legs do chlicerates use to manipulate prey and shovel food into their chlicerae?

Back 76

Pedipalps

Front 77

What body segments do chlicerates possess?

Back 77

Cephalothorax and abdomen

Front 78

What clades are found within Chlicerata?

Back 78

Merostoma and Arachnida

Front 79

How many walking legs do chelicerates possess?

Back 79

8

Front 80

What organisms comprise clade Merostomata?

Back 80

Horseshoe crabs and eurypterids

Front 81

How many eyes do Merostomatans possess? How many compound, how many ocelli?

Back 81

10 eyes; 2 compound; 8 ocelli

Front 82

What structure do Merostomatans use to respire?

Back 82

Book gills

Front 83

What organisms comprise clade Arachnida?

Back 83

Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions

Front 84

What is the function of spinnerets?

Back 84

Spin silk for catching prey, building bridges, escape, and coating eggs

Front 85

Where are fangs located?

Back 85

On the chelicerae

Front 86

What structures do arachnids use for respiration?

Back 86

Book lungs and tracheal spiracles

Front 87

Where are tracheal spiracles located?

Back 87

External openings in the abdomen

Front 88

The most anterior set of appendages on an arachnid are what?

Back 88

Chelicerae

Front 89

The second most anterior set of arachnids are called?

Back 89

Pedipalps

Front 90

(T/F) Crustaceans are insects. Insects are crustaceans (T/F).

Back 90

False; False

Front 91

What groups comprise clade Crustacea?

Back 91

Barnacles, seed shrimp, water fleas, crabs, lobsters, mantis shrimp, etc.

Front 92

How many sets of antennae do crustaceans have?

Back 92

2

Front 93

How many legs do crustaceans have? How many chelicerae? How many pedipalps?

Back 93

10 legs; no chelicerae or pedipalps

Front 94

What example groups comprise clade Crustacea?

Back 94

Pill bugs, sow bugs, crabs, lobsters, true shrimp, mantis shrimp, etc.

Front 95

How many thoracic and abdominal segments do Crustaceans have?

Back 95

8; 6

Front 96

What example groups comprise clade Decapoda?

Back 96

Crayfish, crabs, lobster, etc.

Front 97

(T/F) Decapod eyes are mounted on stalks.

Back 97

True

Front 98

How many sets of walking legs do decapods have?

Back 98

5 sets; 10 legs

Front 99

What is the name for a decapod's modified first set of appendages (pincers)?

Back 99

Chelipeds

Front 100

How can you tell a male crayfish from a female?

Back 100

Examining the swimmerets, females have seminal receptacle and genital opening

Front 101

Members of the clade Chilopoda are (carnivorous/herbivorous) and have how many pairs of walking legs per body segment?

Back 101

Carnivorous; 1

Front 102

Members of the clade Diplopoda are (carnivorous/herbivorous) and have how many pairs of walking legs per body segment?

Back 102

Herbivorous; 2

Front 103

How many legs do insects have?

Back 103

6

Front 104

Members of clade Insecta have how many pairs of walking legs per body segment?

Back 104

1

Front 105

What type of locomotion is specific to clade Insecta?

Back 105

Flight

Front 106

What are the names of insects' 3 tagmata?

Back 106

Head, thorax, abdomen

Front 107

What structures do insects use for respiration?

Back 107

Tracheal spiracles

Front 108

In what type of insect development do young resemble adults?

Back 108

Hemimetabolic

Front 109

In what type of insect development do young not resemble adults?

Back 109

Holometabolic

Front 110

What specialized excretory structures do insects possess?

Back 110

Malpighian tubules

Front 111

What type of wing is characteristic of orthopterans?

Back 111

A straight, thickened forewing with a membranous hind wing

Front 112

What is the function of the tympanum?

Back 112

Hearing/sensing vibrations

Front 113

What are some examples of Orthoptera?

Back 113

Crickets, locusts, grasshoppers, walking sticks, preying mantis, cockroaches, etc.

Front 114

Which gender of grasshopped has an ovipositor? What does it look like from a side view?

Back 114

Female; duck lips

Front 115

Which part of a grasshopper's mouthparts look like a dog's nose?

Back 115

Labrum

Front 116

In grasshoppers, the mandibles are on the (top/bottom) and the maxilla are on the (top/bottom).

Back 116

Top; bottom