World History Veritas Ch. 11 Reformation

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Renaissance

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The revival of learning in Europe from the fourteenth century through the sixteenth century. Renaissance is a french word meaning "rebirth".

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humanism

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a renewed focus on man's capacities

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patrons

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sponsors of artists

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frescoes

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paintings on wet plaster

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machiavellian

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the process of being cunning and ruthless in the pursuit of power

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Medici family

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The most famous of the Renaissance patrons, apart from the church itself, was this family from Florence, Italy

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Lorenzo de Medici

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most notable and most generous patron of the Medici family

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Petrarch

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the pioneer of Renaissance humanism and one of the most important figures in Italian literature

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Castiglione

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An Italian who wrote one of the most famous books on etiquette published during the Renaissance.

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Niccolo Machiavelli

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Florentine public official and political thinker who was one of the most influential Renaissance writers. He wrote The Prince which was an objective description of Italian politics.

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Erasmus

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The most honored and influential scholar of the Renaissance. He distinguished himself as the foremost scholar of Europe and was widely acclaimed as the prince of humanists.

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Thomas More

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English humanist and close friend of Erasmus. His work. Utopia, is the story of an imaginary state built upon Christian principles and Plato's philosophy. He was beheaded by Henry VIII because he would not recognize him as the head of the church of England.

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Johannes Gutenberg

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German who significantly changed the course of history by putting movable-type printing into use in Europe.

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Miguel de Cervantes

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Foremost Spanish writer of the Renaissance who wrote Don Quixote, which is one of the most enduring works in all of literature.

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William Shakespeare

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English playwright who is considered the greatest playwright of all time and the finest poet in the English language. Renaissance literature reached its peak in his works.

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Savonarola

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A Dominican friar who sought to bring moral reform to the city of Florence and to the Roman church a decade before the Reformation. He opposed the corrupt rule of the Medici family and severely criticized Pope Alexander VI, perhaps the most wicked of all the popes.

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Leonardo da Vinci

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The most versatile man of the Renaissance; an accomplished sculptor, architect, painter, musician, and poet. He also studied anatomy, botany, geology, astronomy, engineering, and mathematics. The best example of the so-called Renaissance man. His most famous work is the Mona Lisa.

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Raphael

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Most famous for his painting of sweet-faced Madonnas and completed an enormous number of paintings and frescoes. His most famous fresco is The School of Athens )decorating the papal residence in Rome) in which are gathered the great philosophers and scientists of the classical world. He also painted The Last Judgement on the wall of the Sistine Chapel.

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Michelangelo

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One of the most famous artists in all of history. he painted the ceiling in the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican (the papal residence in Rome) which contained over three hundred figures depicting the story of Creation, the Fall, the Flood and the Redemption.

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Sistine Chapel

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A chapel in the Vatican in Rome; Michelangelo painted the ceiling

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Florence, Italy

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Birthplace of the Renaissance

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lute

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Most popular instrument of the Renaissance

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Leonardo, Michelangelo. and Raphael

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best artists of the High Renaissance

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Venice, Italy

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controlled the important trade routes to the East, and became a leading cultural city as well

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Classical age of ancient Greece and Rome

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period of history the Renaissance humanists admired most

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Greek New Testament

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work of Erasmus later reformers and Bible translators used

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Rome

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the culture center of Italy during the High Renaissance

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Queen of the Adriatic

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Venice - became the center of culture in the Late Renaissance