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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
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(CH 14) 16th century French kings' reaction to protestantism |
did little to stop the spread of Protestantism
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(CH 14) divine right of kings (definition) |
belief that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God
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(CH 14) result of Oliver Cromwell's defeat of the king's forces (what happened) |
Establish military dictatorship and take control of England
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(CH 14) foundation for a constitutional monarchy in England (what document) |
Bill of Rights
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(CH 14) absolutism (definition |
ruler holds total power
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(CH 14) how Louis XIV maintained complete authority (what did he do)
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distracting the high nobles and royal princes with court life, to keep them out of politics
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(CH 14) Edict of Nantes (what was it)
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The French grant of rights to Huguenots that recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France and gave the Huguentos the right to worship and enjoy all political privileges. |
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(CH 14) Thirty Years' War involved which major European powers
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France, Spain, and Germany
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(CH 14) Rump Parliament (if anyone disagreed with Oliver Cromwell...)
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If anyone disagrred with him in the Rump Parliament, Cromwell purged parliament of any members not in support of him |
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(CH 14) Glorious Revolution (what was it/what happened) |
William and Mary's 1688 "invasion" of England. They overthrew James II with very little bloodshed.
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(CH 14) How Cardinal Richelieu strengthened the monarchy (what he did)
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Took away the Huguenots political and military rights. Executed conspirators.
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(CH 14) ideas of John Locke (what documents were they used in)
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Used in the American Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution |
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(CH 14) French Protestants influenced by John Calvin
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Huguenots
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(CH 14) role of politics, territory, religion in the Thirty Years' War
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Religion - Catholic forces led by Hapsburg Holy Roman Emperors, and Protestant nobles in Bohemia
Political - France and its allies fought against the Holy Roman Empire and Spain in an attempt to gain European leadership Territory - Sweden (Baltic Sea) and France and their allies gained territory. Holy Roman Empire was divided into independent states. |
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(CH 14) one who believed he received his power from God and was responsible only to God
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Divine Rights of Kings
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(CH 14) John Locke and natural rights (def. of natural rights) |
Natural Rights - rights with which all humans born, including the rights to life, liberty, and property |
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(CH 14) Stuart rulers of England and divine right (were...)
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strong supporters of the divine right of kings |
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(CH 17) meaning of laissez-faire |
To let (people) do (what they want). The state should not regulate the economy.
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(CH 17) Mary Wollstonecraft's "A Vindication of the Rights of Women" (her beliefs vs. society) |
She believed women are entitled to the same rights as men. Society believed women to be the weaker sex.
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(CH 17) Joseph II radical changes based on Enlightenment ideas |
He abolished serfdom and eliminated the death penalty. Established the principle of equality of all before the law, and enacted religious reforms, including religious toleration.
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(CH 17) John Locke's ideas about people |
Every person was born with a tabula rasa, or blank mind. People are molded by their experiences.
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(CH 17) Voltaire's ideas about the universe |
He believed in deism, the idea that God lets the universe run by its own laws. The universe runs like a clock.
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(CH 17) Jean-Jacques Rousseau's concept of a social contract |
The entire society agrees to governed by its general will
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(CH 17) Diderot's "Encyclopedia" (was used...) |
Used to attack religious superstition.
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(CH 17) Rousseau argued that society should be governed by |
a social contract
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(CH 17) father of modern rationalism |
René Descartes
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(CH 17) Montesquieu's most lasting contribution to political thought |
the system of checks and balances through separation of powers
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(CH 17) Adam Smith's roles of government in "The Wealth of Nations" |
1.) protection (the army)
2.) Defense (the police) 3.) Public works (roads and canals) |
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(CH 17) dominant religion in western Europe during the Enlightenment |
Catholicism
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(CH 17) dominant religion in Scandinavia during the Enlightenment |
Protestantism
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(CH 17) John Locke - how does the mind acquire knowledge |
By their own past experiences
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(CH 17) enlightened absolutism |
monarchial rule by enlightened principles
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(CH 17) tabula rasa, or blank mind |
John Locke - theory that the mind is in a "blank state of mind" meaning knowing nothing whatsoever
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(CH 17) "I think, therefore I am" (whose quote) |
stated by René Descartes
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(CH 18) Spain as a dependent state of France in 1812 under whose gov? |
Napoleon's Empire in 1812, Spain |
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(CH 18) Tennis Court Oath |
an oath sworn by the Third Estate after being locked out of the Estates-General stating that they would continue meeting until France had a new Constitution
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(CH 18) why Louis XVI was forced to accept the National Assembly's decrees (what happened that led to this) |
thousands of women marched to Versailles and captured him and his family
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(CH 18) sans-culottes |
"without breeches" and members of the Paris Commune, ordinary patriots without fine clothing.
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(CH 18) why Committee of Public Safety was given broad powers |
defend France from threats |
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(CH 18) What did the National Convention do to de-Christianization France? |
They wanted to reflect a new belief and reason, so they adopted a new calendar |
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(CH 18) who Napoleon overthrew to establish his consulate |
The Directory
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(CH 18) two major reasons Napoleon's Grand Empire collapsed |
the survival of Great Britain and the forces of Nationalism |
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(CH 18) Napoleon's final defeat |
The Battle of Waterloo in Belgium on June 18, 1815, defeated by the combination of Great Britain and Prussia
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(CH 18) taille |
France's chief tax payed by the third estate
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(CH 18) Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen |
Equal rights for men, but no political power for women
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(CH 18) guillotined on July 28, 1794 |
Maximilien Robespierre
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(CH 18) most important of the seven legal codes established by Napoleon |
civil code, Napoleonic code
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(CH 18) basis for promotion within Napoleon's new bureaucracy |
ability only, not rank or birth
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(CH 18) how Russians defeated Napoleon's Grand Army |
retreating hundreds of miles and burnin their own villages and countryside while retreating to keep Napoleon's army from finding food |
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(CH 18) location of Napoleon's final defeat |
waterloo in Belgium
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(CH 18) who did Napoleon install on the thrones of conquered lands |
his relatives
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(CH 18) radical Jacobin that pursued the Reign of Terror |
Maximilien Robespierre
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(CH 19) where Industrial Revolution began |
Great Britain in the 1780s
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(CH 19) first industries affected by Industrial Revolution |
Cotton Industries |
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(CH 19) new labor system in factories |
workers worked regular hours, and repetitive tasks. They were fined for being late and punishment was harsh
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(CH 19) Britain's most valuable product by 1840 |
Cotton
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(CH 19) Metternich's principle of legitimacy |
he believed that the lawful monarchs from royal families who ruled before Napoleon, were to be restored to their position of power
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(CH 19) belief that people should be free from government restraints |
Liberalism
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(CH 19) realpolitik |
Bismarck's theory of practical, as opposed to idealistic, governance
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(CH 19) developed steam engine that could drive machinery |
James Watt
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(CH 19) crucial to Britain's Industrial Revolution |
Steam Engine
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(CH 19) effect of pitiful conditions created by Industrial Revolution |
Socialism - governmental ownership and control of production
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(CH 19) principle of intervention |
the great powers had the right to send armies into countries where they were revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones
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(CH 19) new jobs created by Industrial Revolution |
railroad construction, coal mining, factory production |
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(CH 19) working day and supply of workers |
ready supply of workers with long work hours |
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(CH 19) united northern Italy |
Camillo di Cavour |
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(CH 19) capital of the united Italian state |
Rome |
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(CH 19) emperor of Second German Empire |
kaiser WIlliam I |
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(CH 19) purpose of socialism and public ownership |
allows wealth to be distributed more equitably to everyone. |
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(CH 20) substitution of steel for iron |
railroads, machines - lighter and move faster, ships |
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(CH 20) party based on the work of Karl Marx |
the socialist parties were based on the work of Karl Marx
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(CH 20) invention of the telephone |
Invented by Alexander Graham Bell starting a revolution in communication
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(CH 20) led to new industrial frontiers during Second Industrial Revolution (4 things) |
Steel, Chemicals, Electricity, and Petroleum
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(CH 20) working class, pressed by middle class |
proletariat
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(CH 20) how many people in trade unions in Great Britain by 1914 |
about 4 million members |
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(CH 20) the new elite |
Landed aristocracy and the most successful industrialists, bankers, and merchants (5% of the population and owned 30-40% of the wealth)
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(CH 20) form of Marxist socialism |
communism
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(CH 20) legislative assembly created by Czar Nicholas II |
Duma
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(CH 20) Triple Entente |
alliance between Great Britain, Russia, and France
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(CH 20) during Second Industrial Revolution percent of European population belonging to working class |
80 percent
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(CH 20) Triple Alliance |
alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
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(CH 20) countries with representative democracy |
France and the United States |
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(CH 20) year U.S. rural population was 25 million |
1860
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(CH 20) urban population vs. rural population between 1900 and 1920 |
urban population increased at a greater rate than the rural population |
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(CH 20) Guglielmo Marconi |
sent the first radio wave across the Atlantic
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(CH 20) government set up by constitution of Bismarck's Germany |
a two-house legislature
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(CH 21) lands acquired by U.S. after Spanish-American War |
Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines
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(CH 21) linked by Suez Canal |
The Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea
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(CH 21) goal of Livingstone's explorations |
To find a navigable river that would open Central Africa to European commerce and Christianity
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(CH 21) free states in Africa by 1914 |
Ethiopia and Liberia
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(CH 21) unfortunate features of indirect rule in Africa |
1.) the old African elite were kept in power 2.) It increased tribal tensions 3.) British administrators made all the decisions |
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(CH 21) descendants of Europeans born in Latin America, lived there permanently |
Creoles
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(CH 21) nickname of Bolivar and San Martin because of the revolutions |
They were called the "Liberators of South America"
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(CH 21) local elites removed from power, replaced with officials from mother country |
the colony was run by direct rule
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(CH 21) hired by King Leopold II of Belgium to find David Livingstone |
Henry Stanley, a young journalist
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(CH 21) place of mestizos in Latin American colonial system |
The mestizos were laborers and servants Mestizos took up most of hte population. They were mixed Europeans and Native American descents |
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(CH 21) joined San Martín's forces to liberate Peru |
Simon Bollviar and his forces
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(CH 21) impact of increased exports and prosperity on Latin America |
Caused growth in the middle class sectors (divisions) of Latin American society
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(CH 21) "white man's burden" |
the belief that europeans had the moral responsibility to "civilize" African natives
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(CH 21) led independence movement in the Philippines |
Emilio Aguinaldo
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(CH 21) seized power in Egypt, 1805 |
Muhammad Ali
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(CH 21) Boers were descendants of |
Dutch settlers of Cape Town and surrounding areas
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(CH 21) result of Indian distrust of British in 1857 |
The first war of independence (Indians) / the Sepoy mutiny (British)
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(CH 21) goal of Indian National Congress |
wanted a share in the governing process of India
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(CH 21) controlled greatest area in Africa |
Britain
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(CH 21) Latin America's first independent nation |
Haiti |
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(14.2) The foundation for a constitutional monarchy in England was laid by the... |
Bill of Rights
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(14.3) Absolutism is... |
a system of government in which a ruler holds total power |
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(14.2) The Thirty Years' War involved all the major European powers except which nations? |
England (included France Spain, Germany)
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(14.4) John Locke believed that humans' natural rights included all of the following... |
property, life, liberty |
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(17.2) Adam Smith believed in laissez-faire, by which he meant... |
the state should not regulate the economy
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(17.2) According to the passage, with what are "soft phrases, susceptibility of heart, delicacy of sentiment, and refinement of taste" synonymous? "My own sex, I hope, will excuse me, if I treat them like rational creatures, instead of flattering their fascinating graces, and viewing them as if they were in a state of perpetual childhood, unable to stand alone. I earnestly wish topping out in what true dignity and human happiness consists - I wish to persuade women to endeavor to acquire strength, both of mind and body, and to convince them that the soft phrases, susceptibility of heart, delicacy of sentiment, and refinement of taste, are almost synonymous with epithets of weakness, and that those bangs who are only the objects of pity and that kind of love, which has been termed its sister, will soon become objects of contempt." |
weakness |
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(17.2) In Jean-Jacques Rousseau's concept of a social contract... |
an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will |
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(17.2) According to the passage, how does the mind acquire knowledge? "Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas. How comes it to be furnished? Whence has it all the materials of reason and knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from experience.... Our operations of our minds perceived and reflected on by ourselves, is that which supplies our understanding with all the materials of thinking." |
experience |
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(18.1) The French National Assembly swore the Tennis Court Oath, which was... |
a vow to continue to meet until they had produced a French constitution |
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(18.1) The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen proclaim |
equal rights for all men, but no political rights for women |
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(18.3) The most important of the seven legal codes established by Napoleon was |
the Civil Code |
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(19.3) Otto von Bismarck practiced realpolitik, which was |
a theory of politics based on practical matters rather than theory or ethics |
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(19.1) Who developed a steam engine that could drive machinery? |
James Watt
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(20.3) Which of the following statements is TRUE? Vendiagram - France: premier leads government, many political parties, coalition governments Both: representative democracy, popularly elected legislature United States: President is chief executive, two major political parties, federal system |
A representative democracy is characteristic of both France and the United States |
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(21.2) The Suez Canal linked the Mediterranean Sea and the... |
Red Sea |
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(21.2) By 1914 only ___ and ___ remained free states in Africa |
Ethiopia and Liberia
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(21.1) What was the "white man's burden"? |
the belief that Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize indigenous peoples
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(21.3) What was the goal of the Indian National Congress? |
a share in governing crosses of India
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(21.2) Which European country controlled the greatest area in Africa? France, Great Britain - West Africa France, Great Britain, Italy - North Africa Belgium, France - Central Africa Great Britain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium - East Africa Great Britain - South Africa |
Great Britain |
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(22) Under the military pressure of Commodore Matthew Perry's fleet, Japan... |
signed the Treaty of Kanagawa, opening up trade relations with the United States |
