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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were ghazis?
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Warriors for Islam; Turkish soldiers who were the first Ottomans. p240
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What was a reaya?
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Masses of ordinary subjects in Ottoman society. 242
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What were millets?
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Separate, self-governed religious minorities within the Ottoman empire. p242
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Who were Janissaries?
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Highly trained troop of slave soldiers for Ottoman sultans. p240
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Who was Osman?
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He was a ghazi (warrior for Islam, 1st Turkish Ottoman soldiers) leader who in the late 1200s had great success in fighting the Byzantines. His tribe members became known as the Ottomans. p240
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Who was Timur?
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He was a Turko-Mongol leader who interupted the Ottoman expansion. He claimed to be descended from Genghis Khan. With an army, he built power in central Asia then began a career of conquest eventually defeating the Ottomans (Battle of Ankara) & capturing the sultan. p240
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Who was Mehmed II?
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A sultan of the Ottoman empire who conquered Constantinople in 1453 renaming it Istanbul. p241
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Who was Suleyman?
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The greatest Ottoman sultan ruling from 1520-1526. He brought the Ottoman empire to its height. p241
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Who was Suleyman?
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The greatest Ottoman sultan ruling from 1520-1526. He brought the Ottoman empire to its height. p241
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What were the major conquests that the Ottomans experienced between 1300 & 1700?
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Conquests: Anatolia in the 1300s, Adrianopolis in 1361, Constantinople in 1453, Hungary in 1526, & Vienna in 1529.
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What were the major defeats that the Ottomans experienced between 1300 & 1700?
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Defeats: Battle of Ankara in 1571, Battle of Lepanto in 1571, Vienna in 1683
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What role did the Janissaries play in the success of the Ottoman Empire?
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Janissaries served as highly trained slave soldiers who fought to expand the empire.
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How important do you think the Ottoman social system was to the success fo the empire?
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Religious tolerance and social mobility may have kept large numbers loyal to the empire.
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What is kizilbash?
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Military army developed by the Safavids to fight for political power. p244
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Why was Esma'il hidden away?
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Esma'il was hidden away because of threats from other Persians.
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Why was the kizilbash formed?
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Kizilbash was formed was formed to fight for political power.
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Why did 'Abbas reform the army?
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Abbas reformed the military because the kisilbash was no longer loyal to the shah.
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Why did the Ottomans invade Persia?
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The Ottomans invaded Persia because they felt threatened by Esma'il's support of the Shi'ah religion.
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What effect did the Safavid religiuos policy have on Persia?
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It gave Persians a sense of identity and unity, but created conflict with the Sunni Ottomans and Uzbecs.
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What were the results of the military reforms carried out under 'Abbas?
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'Abbas regained all of the territory lost to the Ottoman and Uzbecs.
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What might a visitor to Esfahan in the early 1600s conclude about the Safavid empire?
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The city's beauty along with its political, commercial, and cultural life would have impressed a traveler and indicated the Safavid Empire had power & wealth.
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