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346 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Current arcaheological theory support Louis and Mary Leakey's discovery that the cradle of humanity is
Africa
Humans are members of a family of primates known as
Hominids
Modern research has found what percentage of human DNA to be identical to that of apes?
99 percent
Austrolepithecine "Lucy" was found where?
Ethiopia
The largest brains of the early hominds were those of
Homo habilis
Which of the hominids first developed speech, probably about 50,000 years ago?
Homo sapiens
When poplations migrated from Africa and populated the world's landmasses, what physical adaptation occured?
Skin pigmentation
What is meant by culture?
Learned patterns of expression and action
The Neolithic era is associated with which of the following?
The rise of agriculture
Travel between continents in early human diasporas was accomplished by
Walking across land bridges
Most early human activity centered on
Gathering food
The Agricultural Revolutions occured in which era?
Neolithic
Women played a major role in the transition to crop cultivation because
They were the primary gatherers of wild plant foods
Rice was first grown in which area?
China
The greatest change caused by the gradual adoption of agriculture was
A global population increase
The religions of farming communities tended to focus on
An earth mother of female deity
Matrilineal societies were
Defined by maternal heritage
What are the criteria for "civilization?"
Cities, control of a geographic area as a means of power, status distinctions record keeping. (ALL)
Agriculture in Mesopotamia depended on
Artificial canals and irrigation
The earliest historically documented people of Mesopotamia were the
Sumerians
The term city-state refers to
An urban center and the agricultural hinterlands it controlled
In Mesopotamian cities, the temples
Housed the cult of the deity or deities
In the third millenium B.C.E., the political ruler in Sumer was
A lugal
A means of distinguishing slaves in Mesopotamian society was by
A particular hairstyle
Historians can infer that Mesopotamian society was made up of
three classes
Which of the following about women in Mesopotamia was probably not true
They could be appoiunted to government positions
Mesopotamian priests
Inherited their positions from their fathers
The most visible part of the temple compound was the
ziggurat
The term city-state refers to
An urban center and the agricultural hinterlands it controlled
The Mesopotamian writing system is called
cuneiform
In Mesopotamian cities, the temples
Housed the cult of the deity or deities
The first metal that the Mesopotamians used was
bronze
In the third millenium B.C.E., the political ruler in Sumer was
A lugal
A means of distinguishing slaves in Mesopotamian society was by
A particular hairstyle
Historians can infer that Mesopotamian society was made up of
three classes
Which of the following about women in Mesopotamia was probably not true
They could be appointed to government positions
Mesopotamian priests
Inherited their positions from their fathers
The most visible part of the temple compound was the
ziggurat
The Mesopotamian writing system is called
cuneiform
The first metal that the Mesopotamians used was
bronze
Cuneiform writing was accomplished by
Incising written symbols in clay
Mesopotamian's numeric system was unique because it was
base-60
The culture that developed in Egypt was unique large because of
Egypt's natural isolation and essential self-sufficiency
Crucial to Egypt's agriculture was
Proximity to the Nile River
Which of the following was not among Egypt's natural resources?
Salt
According to Egyptian belief, the function assigned by the gods to the Egyptian kings was to maintain ma'at, or the
Divinely authorized order of the universe
Egyptian writing was
BOTH on papyrus in a cursive script and in hieroglyphics for monuments
Occupations in Egypt were generally
Hereditary
Women in Egypt seemed to have
Rights of divorce, rights to property, more status than in Mesopotamia, subordinate status to men (ALL)
Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley civilizations were all
based on fertile floodplains and river valleys
The two main cities of early Indian civilization are
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
Which was NOT a technology found in Indian civilization?
Mummification
The Indus Valley system of writing
has not been deciphered
Which of the following was probably not one of the components of the "systems failure" that brought down the Indus Valley cities
That invaders from the north and east drove out the inhabitants
In order to discover more specific information about the social structure of Indus Valley civilizations, what needs to be done?
The writing of the civilization must be deciphered
During the Shang period, ancestor worship became important because
Ancestors had special influence with gods
The Shang elite were what part of society?
Warriors
Other than oracle bones, one of the main sources of information on Shang China is
royal and elite tombs
The Mandate of Heaven meant that the ruler retained the right to rule as long as
he remained a wise and principled guardian of his people
Signifigant insight into the Zhou period is available to scholars because of
The Book of Documents
To Confucius, the fundamental element of society was the
family
The Chinese political system that relied primarily on strict laws and punishments to compel people to behave is called
Legalism
To Confucius, the fundamental element of society was the
family
Two indigenous Chinese philosophies that emerged from the Warring States Period are
Confucianism and Daoism
The Chinese political system that relied primarily on strict laws and punishments to compel people to behave is called
Legalism
The fundamental idea of Daoism can be summarized as
Accepting the world as you find it, avoiding useless struggles, and adhering to the "path" of nature
The concept of yin and yang represented the complementary nature of
male and female roles in the natural order
Two indigenous Chinese philosophies that emerged from the Warring States Period are
Confucianism and Daoism
Nubia's primary form of transportation for trade was
the Nile River
The fundamental idea of Daoism can be summarized as
Accepting the world as you find it, avoiding useless struggles, and adhering to the "path" of nature
How did Nubia become a "corridor" for long-distance trade before 3000 B.C.E.?
It connected sub-Saharan Africa with North Africa
The concept of yin and yang represented the complementary nature of
male and female roles in the natural order
The earliest political and economic influence on Nubia was
Egypt
Nubia's primary form of transportation for trade was
the Nile River
Which of the following is not true of Egyptian cultural influence on Nubia?
Massive pyramids larger than those of Egypt
How did Nubia become a "corridor" for long-distance trade before 3000 B.C.E.?
It connected sub-Saharan Africa with North Africa
Why did the center of power shift to Meroe in the fourth century B.C.E.?
It was a better location for agriculture and trade
The earliest political and economic influence on Nubia was
Egypt
Which of the following is not true of Egyptian cultural influence on Nubia?
Massive pyramids larger than those of Egypt
Why did the center of power shift to Meroe in the fourth century B.C.E.?
It was a better location for agriculture and trade
The Assyrian ruler was
Both a king and a priest
Before making any decisions, the Assyrian king would do what?
Consult the gods with ritual divination
Common to Assyrian artwork were all of the following except
Pictures of a peaceful and serene afterlife
One of the the contributions from the Assyrian empire
the Library of Ashurbanipal
The history of Israel was first written down in what script?
Phoenician
The Assyrian ruler was
Both a king and a priest
Before making any decisions, the Assyrian king would do what?
Consult the gods with ritual divination
The homeland of the Assyrian Empire was in
northern Mesopotamia
The cheif tactic that the Assyrians used to maintain tranquility in their empire was
terror
Common to Assyrian artwork were all of the following except
Pictures of a peaceful and serene afterlife
Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Assyrians were able to conquer vast territories?
They had accomplished and wily diplomats
One of the the contributions from the Assyrian empire
the Library of Ashurbanipal
The history of Israel was first written down in what script?
Phoenician
The Assyrian government used mass deportation to
break the spirit of rebellious peoples
Information about ancient Israel can be found in the
Hebrew Bible
The homeland of the Assyrian Empire was in
northern Mesopotamia
The cheif tactic that the Assyrians used to maintain tranquility in their empire was
terror
Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Assyrians were able to conquer vast territories?
They had accomplished and wily diplomats
The Assyrian government used mass deportation to
break the spirit of rebellious peoples
Information about ancient Israel can be found in the
Hebrew Bible
Israel is important partly because
it is a crossroads to the Near East, Egypt, and Arabia
Which of the following poses a problem for interpreting the history of the early Israelites from the Bible?
(ALL) They were pastoralists who did not write down their history for nearly 1,000 years, the Bible was written for religious, nor historical, purposes, the Hebrew Bible was written in several phases by different people, Hebrew civilization was interrupted by conquest several times
The stories of Cain and Abel and Sodom and Gomorrah reflect
friction between the nomadic and settled peoples of the region
The Israelites became devoted to their stern and warlike god, Yahweh, during
forty years of wandering in the desert
Israel is important partly because
it is a crossroads to the Near East, Egypt, and Arabia
Which of the following poses a problem for interpreting the history of the early Israelites from the Bible?
(ALL) They were pastoralists who did not write down their history for nearly 1,000 years, the Bible was written for religious, nor historical, purposes, the Hebrew Bible was written in several phases by different people, Hebrew civilization was interrupted by conquest several times
The basic tenets of Jewish belief and practice prohibit
murder, adultery, theft, and lying
The stories of Cain and Abel and Sodom and Gomorrah reflect
friction between the nomadic and settled peoples of the region
The basic Israelite political structure before King Saul was
rule by cheiftains of the 12 tribles (descendants of Joseph and Jacob)
The Israelites became devoted to their stern and warlike god, Yahweh, during
forty years of wandering in the desert
In the time of King Solomon, the commercial wealth of Israel was derived from trade with
Phoenicia, Arabia, and East Africa
The basic tenets of Jewish belief and practice prohibit
murder, adultery, theft, and lying
What was the Ark of the Covenant?
A sacred box containing the tablets of law given to Moses
The basic Israelite political structure before King Saul was
rule by cheiftains of the 12 tribles (descendants of Joseph and Jacob)
Solomon began an ambitious building project to create
The First Temple
Women in Israelite society were respected because they
provided goods and services that sustained the family
In the time of King Solomon, the commercial wealth of Israel was derived from trade with
Phoenicia, Arabia, and East Africa
What was the Ark of the Covenant?
A sacred box containing the tablets of law given to Moses
Solomon began an ambitious building project to create
The First Temple
Women in Israelite society were respected because they
provided goods and services that sustained the family
The Assyrian ruler was
Both a king and a priest
Before making any decisions, the Assyrian king would do what?
Consult the gods with ritual divination
Common to Assyrian artwork were all of the following except
Pictures of a peaceful and serene afterlife
One of the the contributions from the Assyrian empire
the Library of Ashurbanipal
The history of Israel was first written down in what script?
Phoenician
The homeland of the Assyrian Empire was in
northern Mesopotamia
The cheif tactic that the Assyrians used to maintain tranquility in their empire was
terror
Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Assyrians were able to conquer vast territories?
They had accomplished and wily diplomats
The Assyrian government used mass deportation to
break the spirit of rebellious peoples
Information about ancient Israel can be found in the
Hebrew Bible
After Solomon's death, the kingdom of Israel was split into
Judah and Israel
Diaspora means
scattering
Which of the following rituals did not aid the Jews in maintaining a strong cultural identity after the loss of their state
The requirement that men grow beards
The exile of Hebrews to Babylon in 587 B.C.E. occurred under
Nebuchadnezzar
The Phoenicians developed a system of writing based on
an alphabet, in which each symbol represented a sound
What made certain Phoenician textiles unique?
Purple dye
Carthage was found by peoples migrating from
Phoenicia
The merchant aristocracy that controlled Carthage was unique because it
allowed ambitious and successful individuals and families to gain political influence
By 300 B.C.E., Celtic people were found in what regions?
(ALL) Hungary, Turkey, Italy, Greece, Briatin, France, Spain and Ireland
The political organization of the Celts was
Nonexistent; each Celtic group was regional and followed no one ruler
What is a distinctive feature of Celtic miliatary activity?
Warriors fought naked and took the heads of enemies
Druids were
Celtic priests in Gaul and Britain
One of the best text sources we have about the Celts was written by
Julius Caesar
What is a distinctive feature of Celtic miliatary activity?
Warriors fought naked and took the heads of enemies
Celtic women
could inherit their husbands' estates
Druids were
Celtic priests in Gaul and Britain
Unlike other ancient cultures in Europe and western Asia, Celts believed in
the belief in reincarnation
One of the best text sources we have about the Celts was written by
Julius Caesar
The cultural core of early Olmec civilization was located at
San Lorenze and La Venta
Celtic women
could inherit their husbands' estates
Why did the Olmec lay out their cities in alignment with the paths of stars?
They believed in the signifigance of astronomical events
Unlike other ancient cultures in Europe and western Asia, Celts believed in
the belief in reincarnation
The makers of the "giant head" carvings in Mesoamerica were part of which civilization?
Olmec
The cultural core of early Olmec civilization was located at
San Lorenze and La Venta
An example of the enduring impact of the Olmec on Mesoamerican life is
ritual ball games
Why did the Olmec lay out their cities in alignment with the paths of stars?
They believed in the signifigance of astronomical events
Why was Chavin de Huantar's location pivitol in its success?
It was located at the intersection of trade routes between the mountain valleys and the coastal lowlands
The makers of the "giant head" carvings in Mesoamerica were part of which civilization?
Olmec
An example of the enduring impact of the Olmec on Mesoamerican life is
ritual ball games
Why was Chavin de Huantar's location pivitol in its success?
It was located at the intersection of trade routes between the mountain valleys and the coastal lowlands
The only domesticated beast of burden in the Andean region was the
Llama <3
Darius established the administrative center of his empire in
Susa
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the recovery of the Archaic period?
The cure of various infectious diseases
After emergence from the Dark Ages, the population of Greece increased as much as five-fold. Which of the following was not a reason for the population increase?
Dramatic increases in agriculture needed more labor sources
Irrigation in Iran was different that other areas because of the large desert plain. How did they compenate for this?
Vertical shafts provided access to underground irrigation
Coins were signifigant in all of the following ways except
They were used to pay the professional soldiers
The Persian provinces were administerd by
Satraps or hereditary provincial governors
Which of the following is not a tenet of Zoroastrianism?
Belief in reincarnation of the dead
Close-formed ranks of soldiers, called up in times of war, were called
hoplites
Despite the adoption of their alphabet system from the Phoenicians, literacy in Greece
remained elusive for several centuries, relying on oral traditions
An oligarchy is a society in which
the wealthy members of society have political power
Greek philosophers emphasized which perspective of viewing the world?
Rational explanations for the world around them rather than reliance on the supernatural
The area of the polis in which citizens would come together to ratify decisions of their leaders was called the
agora
The Archaic period in Greece began
because of renewed contacts with Phoenicia
The Greek concept of democracy included political participation by
All free, native-born, adult males
Who would not have traveled wiith the emperor's entourage in Persia?
Magi
Under Darius's legal system, subject peoples in Persian territories were
still allowed to live under their own laws
The Archaic Greek development of humanism, a lasting feature of Western civilization, was
a valuing of the uniqueness, rights, and talents of individuals
Worship of gods at state sponsored festivals was seen as
an expression of civic identity
Cyrus and his son ruled their empire by following a practical approach of
respecting local priests and native traditions
The Medes were the first Iranian people to
reach a complex level of political organization
How does the Peloponnesian War reveal an inherent flaw in Greek society?
The independent poleis fostered rivalry and mistrust among neighbors
The most important trade items in ancient Iran were
minerals, textiles, and carpets
Although Greece is described as "resource poor" in the chapter, it economically prospered
through access to foreign resources, markets, and ideas
The three great Greek classical philosophers are
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
The Greeks believed that their gods gave advice through
oracles
Early Iranian social organization was
patriarchal
What grew well in the dry environment of Greece?
Olive trees, grape vines, and barley
The king responsible for unifying Iran was
Cyrus
Which of the following is not among the policies used by Alexander the Great to control his vast empire?
He promoted local militias
The father of history in the Western tradition is
Herodotus
The Greek Dark Age was a period of
Poverty, isolation, and depopulation
The Persian defeat in the wars with greece was due to all of the following except
Domestic political turmoil
Greek poleis or city-states developed because of
Greek geography, especially mountains, which separated populations
Greece was organized into city-states called
poleis
Which was not a method by which the Persians strengthen their empire?
Using a unified, comprehensive law code like Hammurabi's
The Greek gods and goddesses were seen as
superhuman and immortal, but otherwise anthropomorphic
After uniting Media and Persia, Cyrus conquered
Lydia and Babylon
When Alexander the Great died, his vast empire
was broken up into 3 Macedonian dynasties
The term Hellenistic Age refers to the
Political and cultural influence of Greece over foreign subjects in North Africa and western Asia
What can be considered the symbol of Athenian naval success?
The trireme
The first Romans to reach China's court of Emperor Huan were envoys of which emperor?
Marcus Aurelius
The economic wealth of the early Roman state was based on
farming
The center of political action in the Roman Republic was
the Senate
In Roman society
the father's word was law in his household
Which statement is true about Roman women?
They exercised influence over husbands and sons
How did the early Romans view the natural world?
As filled with numerous invisible shapeless forces called numina
The covenant of protection between the gods and the Romans was called
pax deorum
Which of the following was not a contributing factor to Roman expansion?
the mandate to impose their religion on neighboring regions
A signifigant difference in Roman expansion versus Greek was that Romans
extended citizenship in degrees to most conquered populations
For a period of over 60 years Rome fought a war of expansion with which people?
Carthage
Two protracted and bloody wars against the Carthagians were important because
Rome won control of the western Mediterranean
During the Republic, Romans managed their imperial territories by
establishing a provincial administration and sending a Roman senator to oversee matters
As the numbers of independent farmers declined in the later Republic, Italian landowners increasingly turned to
inexpensive slaves
What factor caused a decrease in small farms in the Late Roman Republic
The growth of latifundia and a shift to notstaple crops
The emperor responsible for the reorganization of the Roman government after 31 B.C.E. was
Octavian
The main reason for the decline of the Roman Republic was
miliatary leaders with armies loyal to them rather than to the state
Under the Principate, Roman law
was based on the Twelve Tables and supplemented by decreed from the Senate and bills from the Assemblies
One of the factors that most helped the growth of commerce was
the implementation of the "pax romana" or roman peace
One of the most enduring consequences of the Roman Empire has been the
Romanization of the western Mediterranean
Before 212 C.E., many people living outside Italy became Roman citizens
after serving lengthy terms of military service
The circumstance surrounding Jesus' ministry and acclamation by his followers as the messiah was
The Roman occupation of Judaea
How is the career of Paul an example of the "cosmopolitan" nature of the Roman Empire?
He was able to use the benefits of Roman citizenship, roads, and cities to spread Christianity
Why was becoming Christian considered an act of disloyalty in the Roman Empire?
Christians could not worship the emperor as a deity
Who were not among the earliest converts to Christianity
Urban merchants
The engineering expertise of the Romans is seen in all of these except
gothic cathedrals
Starting with the reign of Augustus, the Roman Army was reorganized and redeployed to
shift from an offensive to a defensive strategy
The most visible symptom of Rome's "third-century crisis" was the
frequent change of rulers
What was the reason for the economic decline in the third century c.e.?
Debasing of coinage by the emperors
Who reformed Rome in the third century C.E. and saved it from decline?
Diocletian
The conversion to Christianity of which Roman emperor ushered in a time of tolerance, acceptance, and eventual dominance of Christianity?
Constantine
What city became the new imperial capital of the Roman Empire in 324 C.E.?
Alexandria
The competition among states in the Warring States Period resulted in
the creation of the first empire under the Qin state
In an effort to increase his power, Shi Huangdi cracked down on
Christian missionaries
Which of the following was not a tactic used to re-centralize power under the Qin?
a return to Confucianist values
Because of the influence of Confucian ethics, Chinese values emphasized
obeidience and proper conduct
One of the great construction projects of Shi Hunag-di was
connection of walls which ultimately made up The Great Wall
What was buried with the Emperor Shi Huang-di in his elaborate tomb
statues of his soldier
The Confucian view of proper female behavior was exemplified by the
three submissions
It was customary for young brides in China to
live with their husband's families
The Qin ruler took the title Shi Huangdi, whcih meant
First Emperor
Which is not one of the reasons for the fall of the Qin Empire?
Incorporation in the empire of different ethnicities
The well-planned urban capital of the Han dynasty was
Chang'an
How did Gaozu deal with Xiongnu confederation threat?
He adopted a policy of appeasement
In what way did Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty significantly differ from previous emperors?
He was ambitious in exploring and conquering more territory
The important Han innovations include the development of
The horse collar, the watermill, and the crossbow
The leading export commodity of China during the Han was
silk
Which of the following is not generally considered a contributing factor to the fall of the Han Empire?
The subversive ideas of Buddhism
The foundations for Indian civilization were laid in which age?
Vedic
Three harvests each year have been possible in some parts of India because of
high rainfall from the monsoons
The Vedic Age was a new historical period in India marked by
the domincance of Indo-Europeans over India
The varna system developed in order to create
social order between groups
Race became an issue of class differentiation in the Vedic Age as the Aryas competed with the Dasa. The difference was that
Aryas were Indo-European and lighter skinned
The reincarnation of the atman into a given class depends on
karma or deeds in life
What is the underlying message of the cycle of reincarnation?
You are where you deserve to be
Indian ritual sacrifices were intended to
promote stability in the world
The Brahmins may have delayed the introduction of writing because
They were trying to protect their status within society as the keepers of knowledge
Which of the following statements about women in the Vedic Age cannot be learned from Vedic literature?
They are depicted as slaves to men
Which of the following was not a way that individuals sought an alternative path to salvation?
Becoming a Brahmin
Release from the cycle of reincarnation is called
Moksha
Buddhism and Jainism gained popularity in the late Vedic period because
they offered insight or enlightenment as a path to salvation instead of rituals
Jainism adherents believed in extreme nonviolence, to the extent they
(ALL) would not inhale bugs, would not practice agriculture, practiced extreme asceticism
Siddhart Gautama articulated the "Four Noble Truths", which taught that
life is suffering, and suffering is caused by desire
Some followers of Buddhism took vows of
celibacy, nonviolence, and povery
The ultimate spiritual reward in Buddhism is
nirvana
Buddhists who followed the original teachings of the Buddha are called
practitioners of Theravada
A Bddhist who had found enlightenment was call
bodhisattva
Which of the following is not an element of the Hindu religion
the denial of the existence of a soul
The more popular Hindu deity in the north of India is
Vishnu
The idea of gods having avatars is demonstrated in Devi/Kali, who represents
creation and destruction
One of the most common forms of worship in Hinduism is
doing service to a deity by feeding its statue
One of the most sacred places for pilgrimage in Hinduism is
the Ganges River
Which of the following has not been a factor in India's habitual political fragmentation?
Repeated interference by China in Indian affairs
The earliest deciphered Indian writing was
the edicts of Ashoka
The Mauryan leader Ashoka converted to Buddhism and became a unique leader because
he was overwhelmed by the brutality of his early conquests
During the first centuries C.E., the two great epics of India take their final form; they are
the Ramayana and the Mahabharata
Which of the following was not a reason for fostering expansion and prosperity in the post-Mauryan era?
uniform religious practices
The major reason the Mauryan Empire collapsed was
demand for resources by the administrative and miliatary complex
What was the greatest advantage of the Gupta Empire army?
A well armed cavalry
Why is the Gupta Empire decribed as a "theater-state"?
The splendor and ceremonies of court advertised the benefits of empire
One of the most important contributions made by Gupta intellectuals was the
concept of zero
A significant factor in extending Gupta power structures was
a close alliance with the Brahmins in exchange for land
The classical form of the HIndu temple emerged in what era
Gupta
During the Gupta period, India developed an extensive land and sea trading network by exporting what products?
Cotton cloth, ivory, and metalwork
The Gupta Empire collapsed in 550 C.E.
After invasions by the Huns of Central Asia
Southeast Asia first rose to prominence because
it was an intermediary in regional trade
Southeast Asia is described as a "geologically active zone", meaning that
the islands are the tops if a chain of volcanoes
Which of the following are not among the plant and animal species that thrive in Southeast Asia
Wheat and water buffalo
Which of the following were not among the impressive navigational skills developed by the Malay people?
the astrolabe
Most of Southeast Asia's early commerce was conducted with
India and China
The first major Southeast Asian center, Funan, dominated what key location for trade
The Isthmus of Kra
The Srivijayan kingdom was well situated to
control vital passageways for shipping
The Srivijayan king presented himself as a bodhisattva, or
someone who had achieved enlightenment and would share his wisdom with the people
The most important cultural influence on Southeast Asian kingdoms came from
India
One difference between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean seafaring was
Mediterranean seamen rarely sailed far from shore
The subsequent split of supporters to differen caliphs, or successorsm divided the umma into
Shi'ites and Sunnis
One of the greatest promoters of Buddhism was
King Ashoka of India
The capital of the Umayyad caliphate was in
Damascus
Muhammad's revelations from the angel are compiled in a book called
the Quran
Most subjects of both Byzantine and Sasanid rulers found common identity in
religion
The founder of the Umayyad Caliphate was
Yazid, son of Mu'awiya
The Sasanid Empire was centered in the area that is present-day
Iran
Islam means
surrender to the will of God
The Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade fostered the spread of which religion?
Buddhism
All of the following are true about camels in Arab society except
they caused disintergration of the internal road structure because it was no longer necessary
The indian Ocean Maritime
forged economic and social ties between
East Africa, Arabia, India, China, and Southeast Asia
Ships in the Indian Ocean Maritime System were better prepared for long-distance travel than the Greeks because
They could take advantage of monsoon winds to drive their ships
Which of the following does not constitute a shared cultural heritage or "great tradition"?
Political unity
What facilitated the spread of Christianity to Armenia?
The invention of an Armenian alphabet
Most sub-Saharan languages come from one giant linguistic family, called
Bantu
Which of the following statements is not true about the rule of the Seljuk Empire
Mesopotamia grew in populations and influence
Family life in the Indian Ocean coastal areas were considered more cosmopolitan becuse
blended families were bicultural and bilingual
The foundation of Islamic civilization is the Shari'a, or
law
Why was the direction of prayer focused on Mecca
because Mecca is the site of the Ka'ba
General Zhang Jian is credited with introducing which of the following to China?
Alfalfa and wine grapes
Transplanted foods carried by seafarers to Africa include
yams and bananas
Despite the fact that conversions to Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because
the empire had become too big to rule effectively
Muhammad's teachings built upon the beliefs of
Judaism and Christianity
Muslim religious practice is based on the
Five Pillars
Critical to the functioning of the Silk Road were
pastoralists who provided animals, handlers and protection along the road
The traditional occupation on the Arabian peninsula was
farming
After the city of Mecca surrendered to Muhammad, he established a new state based on a
common religious faith
The establishment of Zoroastrianism and Christianity as offical faiths in the Byzantine and Sasanid Empires set the precedent for what furture ever?
The rise of Islam as the focus of an empire
The great vision of the Shari'a is an umma with
common moral value, minimizing ethnic and political divisions
The development of metallury in Africa involved
iron
What natural resource provided the incentive to trade for southern Saharan dwellers?
salt
The early inhabitants of the East African island of Madagascar came from
the islands of Southeast Asia
After Muhammad's death, the Muslim community
chose a caliph, Abu Bakr
Africa is home to approximately how many languages, emphasizing its diversity?
2000
The importance of trans-Saharan trade was that it
connected North and South Africa
The mariners involved in the Indian Ocean trade were
a multilingual and multiethnic group
The agricultural area bordering the Sahara Desert is called the Sahel, which in Arabic literally means
the coast
Which of the following statements about Muslim women is not true?
They often played a role in public life
Byzantine power was significantly diminished by the Seljuks with
the Battle of Manzikert
The best primary evidence of early Saharan history consists of
a vast number of rock paintings and engravings
Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam all spread
without dependency on a single ethnic or kinship group
What was the leading motivation for unification of the Muslims?
To fight against the Crusaders
Mecca is an important city because it
is a caravan city and pilgramage site of the Ka'ba
Muhammad conceived Islam after
experiencing revelations
Which animal was most important to Saharan transportation
Camels
The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was due to
growing unrest among non-Arab Muslims, who demanded access to political power
Why did Muhammad leave Mecca for Medina?
Meccan leaders were threatened by his popularity
What did the Sasanid and Byzantine Empires have in common?
Central control of imperial finances
Why is the Abbasid rule considered a "golden age"?
It created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghdad
What military technologies did the Silk Road spread?
Chariot warfare, mounted bowmen, and the stirrup
Which of the following is not an example of a broad common element underlying African life and culture
A common language