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346 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Current arcaheological theory support Louis and Mary Leakey's discovery that the cradle of humanity is
|
Africa
|
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Humans are members of a family of primates known as
|
Hominids
|
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Modern research has found what percentage of human DNA to be identical to that of apes?
|
99 percent
|
|
Austrolepithecine "Lucy" was found where?
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Ethiopia
|
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The largest brains of the early hominds were those of
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Homo habilis
|
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Which of the hominids first developed speech, probably about 50,000 years ago?
|
Homo sapiens
|
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When poplations migrated from Africa and populated the world's landmasses, what physical adaptation occured?
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Skin pigmentation
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What is meant by culture?
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Learned patterns of expression and action
|
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The Neolithic era is associated with which of the following?
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The rise of agriculture
|
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Travel between continents in early human diasporas was accomplished by
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Walking across land bridges
|
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Most early human activity centered on
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Gathering food
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The Agricultural Revolutions occured in which era?
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Neolithic
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Women played a major role in the transition to crop cultivation because
|
They were the primary gatherers of wild plant foods
|
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Rice was first grown in which area?
|
China
|
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The greatest change caused by the gradual adoption of agriculture was
|
A global population increase
|
|
The religions of farming communities tended to focus on
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An earth mother of female deity
|
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Matrilineal societies were
|
Defined by maternal heritage
|
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What are the criteria for "civilization?"
|
Cities, control of a geographic area as a means of power, status distinctions record keeping. (ALL)
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Agriculture in Mesopotamia depended on
|
Artificial canals and irrigation
|
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The earliest historically documented people of Mesopotamia were the
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Sumerians
|
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The term city-state refers to
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An urban center and the agricultural hinterlands it controlled
|
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In Mesopotamian cities, the temples
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Housed the cult of the deity or deities
|
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In the third millenium B.C.E., the political ruler in Sumer was
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A lugal
|
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A means of distinguishing slaves in Mesopotamian society was by
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A particular hairstyle
|
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Historians can infer that Mesopotamian society was made up of
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three classes
|
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Which of the following about women in Mesopotamia was probably not true
|
They could be appoiunted to government positions
|
|
Mesopotamian priests
|
Inherited their positions from their fathers
|
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The most visible part of the temple compound was the
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ziggurat
|
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The term city-state refers to
|
An urban center and the agricultural hinterlands it controlled
|
|
The Mesopotamian writing system is called
|
cuneiform
|
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In Mesopotamian cities, the temples
|
Housed the cult of the deity or deities
|
|
The first metal that the Mesopotamians used was
|
bronze
|
|
In the third millenium B.C.E., the political ruler in Sumer was
|
A lugal
|
|
A means of distinguishing slaves in Mesopotamian society was by
|
A particular hairstyle
|
|
Historians can infer that Mesopotamian society was made up of
|
three classes
|
|
Which of the following about women in Mesopotamia was probably not true
|
They could be appointed to government positions
|
|
Mesopotamian priests
|
Inherited their positions from their fathers
|
|
The most visible part of the temple compound was the
|
ziggurat
|
|
The Mesopotamian writing system is called
|
cuneiform
|
|
The first metal that the Mesopotamians used was
|
bronze
|
|
Cuneiform writing was accomplished by
|
Incising written symbols in clay
|
|
Mesopotamian's numeric system was unique because it was
|
base-60
|
|
The culture that developed in Egypt was unique large because of
|
Egypt's natural isolation and essential self-sufficiency
|
|
Crucial to Egypt's agriculture was
|
Proximity to the Nile River
|
|
Which of the following was not among Egypt's natural resources?
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Salt
|
|
According to Egyptian belief, the function assigned by the gods to the Egyptian kings was to maintain ma'at, or the
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Divinely authorized order of the universe
|
|
Egyptian writing was
|
BOTH on papyrus in a cursive script and in hieroglyphics for monuments
|
|
Occupations in Egypt were generally
|
Hereditary
|
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Women in Egypt seemed to have
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Rights of divorce, rights to property, more status than in Mesopotamia, subordinate status to men (ALL)
|
|
Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley civilizations were all
|
based on fertile floodplains and river valleys
|
|
The two main cities of early Indian civilization are
|
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
|
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Which was NOT a technology found in Indian civilization?
|
Mummification
|
|
The Indus Valley system of writing
|
has not been deciphered
|
|
Which of the following was probably not one of the components of the "systems failure" that brought down the Indus Valley cities
|
That invaders from the north and east drove out the inhabitants
|
|
In order to discover more specific information about the social structure of Indus Valley civilizations, what needs to be done?
|
The writing of the civilization must be deciphered
|
|
During the Shang period, ancestor worship became important because
|
Ancestors had special influence with gods
|
|
The Shang elite were what part of society?
|
Warriors
|
|
Other than oracle bones, one of the main sources of information on Shang China is
|
royal and elite tombs
|
|
The Mandate of Heaven meant that the ruler retained the right to rule as long as
|
he remained a wise and principled guardian of his people
|
|
Signifigant insight into the Zhou period is available to scholars because of
|
The Book of Documents
|
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To Confucius, the fundamental element of society was the
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family
|
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The Chinese political system that relied primarily on strict laws and punishments to compel people to behave is called
|
Legalism
|
|
To Confucius, the fundamental element of society was the
|
family
|
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Two indigenous Chinese philosophies that emerged from the Warring States Period are
|
Confucianism and Daoism
|
|
The Chinese political system that relied primarily on strict laws and punishments to compel people to behave is called
|
Legalism
|
|
The fundamental idea of Daoism can be summarized as
|
Accepting the world as you find it, avoiding useless struggles, and adhering to the "path" of nature
|
|
The concept of yin and yang represented the complementary nature of
|
male and female roles in the natural order
|
|
Two indigenous Chinese philosophies that emerged from the Warring States Period are
|
Confucianism and Daoism
|
|
Nubia's primary form of transportation for trade was
|
the Nile River
|
|
The fundamental idea of Daoism can be summarized as
|
Accepting the world as you find it, avoiding useless struggles, and adhering to the "path" of nature
|
|
How did Nubia become a "corridor" for long-distance trade before 3000 B.C.E.?
|
It connected sub-Saharan Africa with North Africa
|
|
The concept of yin and yang represented the complementary nature of
|
male and female roles in the natural order
|
|
The earliest political and economic influence on Nubia was
|
Egypt
|
|
Nubia's primary form of transportation for trade was
|
the Nile River
|
|
Which of the following is not true of Egyptian cultural influence on Nubia?
|
Massive pyramids larger than those of Egypt
|
|
How did Nubia become a "corridor" for long-distance trade before 3000 B.C.E.?
|
It connected sub-Saharan Africa with North Africa
|
|
Why did the center of power shift to Meroe in the fourth century B.C.E.?
|
It was a better location for agriculture and trade
|
|
The earliest political and economic influence on Nubia was
|
Egypt
|
|
Which of the following is not true of Egyptian cultural influence on Nubia?
|
Massive pyramids larger than those of Egypt
|
|
Why did the center of power shift to Meroe in the fourth century B.C.E.?
|
It was a better location for agriculture and trade
|
|
The Assyrian ruler was
|
Both a king and a priest
|
|
Before making any decisions, the Assyrian king would do what?
|
Consult the gods with ritual divination
|
|
Common to Assyrian artwork were all of the following except
|
Pictures of a peaceful and serene afterlife
|
|
One of the the contributions from the Assyrian empire
|
the Library of Ashurbanipal
|
|
The history of Israel was first written down in what script?
|
Phoenician
|
|
The Assyrian ruler was
|
Both a king and a priest
|
|
Before making any decisions, the Assyrian king would do what?
|
Consult the gods with ritual divination
|
|
The homeland of the Assyrian Empire was in
|
northern Mesopotamia
|
|
The cheif tactic that the Assyrians used to maintain tranquility in their empire was
|
terror
|
|
Common to Assyrian artwork were all of the following except
|
Pictures of a peaceful and serene afterlife
|
|
Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Assyrians were able to conquer vast territories?
|
They had accomplished and wily diplomats
|
|
One of the the contributions from the Assyrian empire
|
the Library of Ashurbanipal
|
|
The history of Israel was first written down in what script?
|
Phoenician
|
|
The Assyrian government used mass deportation to
|
break the spirit of rebellious peoples
|
|
Information about ancient Israel can be found in the
|
Hebrew Bible
|
|
The homeland of the Assyrian Empire was in
|
northern Mesopotamia
|
|
The cheif tactic that the Assyrians used to maintain tranquility in their empire was
|
terror
|
|
Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Assyrians were able to conquer vast territories?
|
They had accomplished and wily diplomats
|
|
The Assyrian government used mass deportation to
|
break the spirit of rebellious peoples
|
|
Information about ancient Israel can be found in the
|
Hebrew Bible
|
|
Israel is important partly because
|
it is a crossroads to the Near East, Egypt, and Arabia
|
|
Which of the following poses a problem for interpreting the history of the early Israelites from the Bible?
|
(ALL) They were pastoralists who did not write down their history for nearly 1,000 years, the Bible was written for religious, nor historical, purposes, the Hebrew Bible was written in several phases by different people, Hebrew civilization was interrupted by conquest several times
|
|
The stories of Cain and Abel and Sodom and Gomorrah reflect
|
friction between the nomadic and settled peoples of the region
|
|
The Israelites became devoted to their stern and warlike god, Yahweh, during
|
forty years of wandering in the desert
|
|
Israel is important partly because
|
it is a crossroads to the Near East, Egypt, and Arabia
|
|
Which of the following poses a problem for interpreting the history of the early Israelites from the Bible?
|
(ALL) They were pastoralists who did not write down their history for nearly 1,000 years, the Bible was written for religious, nor historical, purposes, the Hebrew Bible was written in several phases by different people, Hebrew civilization was interrupted by conquest several times
|
|
The basic tenets of Jewish belief and practice prohibit
|
murder, adultery, theft, and lying
|
|
The stories of Cain and Abel and Sodom and Gomorrah reflect
|
friction between the nomadic and settled peoples of the region
|
|
The basic Israelite political structure before King Saul was
|
rule by cheiftains of the 12 tribles (descendants of Joseph and Jacob)
|
|
The Israelites became devoted to their stern and warlike god, Yahweh, during
|
forty years of wandering in the desert
|
|
In the time of King Solomon, the commercial wealth of Israel was derived from trade with
|
Phoenicia, Arabia, and East Africa
|
|
The basic tenets of Jewish belief and practice prohibit
|
murder, adultery, theft, and lying
|
|
What was the Ark of the Covenant?
|
A sacred box containing the tablets of law given to Moses
|
|
The basic Israelite political structure before King Saul was
|
rule by cheiftains of the 12 tribles (descendants of Joseph and Jacob)
|
|
Solomon began an ambitious building project to create
|
The First Temple
|
|
Women in Israelite society were respected because they
|
provided goods and services that sustained the family
|
|
In the time of King Solomon, the commercial wealth of Israel was derived from trade with
|
Phoenicia, Arabia, and East Africa
|
|
What was the Ark of the Covenant?
|
A sacred box containing the tablets of law given to Moses
|
|
Solomon began an ambitious building project to create
|
The First Temple
|
|
Women in Israelite society were respected because they
|
provided goods and services that sustained the family
|
|
The Assyrian ruler was
|
Both a king and a priest
|
|
Before making any decisions, the Assyrian king would do what?
|
Consult the gods with ritual divination
|
|
Common to Assyrian artwork were all of the following except
|
Pictures of a peaceful and serene afterlife
|
|
One of the the contributions from the Assyrian empire
|
the Library of Ashurbanipal
|
|
The history of Israel was first written down in what script?
|
Phoenician
|
|
The homeland of the Assyrian Empire was in
|
northern Mesopotamia
|
|
The cheif tactic that the Assyrians used to maintain tranquility in their empire was
|
terror
|
|
Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Assyrians were able to conquer vast territories?
|
They had accomplished and wily diplomats
|
|
The Assyrian government used mass deportation to
|
break the spirit of rebellious peoples
|
|
Information about ancient Israel can be found in the
|
Hebrew Bible
|
|
After Solomon's death, the kingdom of Israel was split into
|
Judah and Israel
|
|
Diaspora means
|
scattering
|
|
Which of the following rituals did not aid the Jews in maintaining a strong cultural identity after the loss of their state
|
The requirement that men grow beards
|
|
The exile of Hebrews to Babylon in 587 B.C.E. occurred under
|
Nebuchadnezzar
|
|
The Phoenicians developed a system of writing based on
|
an alphabet, in which each symbol represented a sound
|
|
What made certain Phoenician textiles unique?
|
Purple dye
|
|
Carthage was found by peoples migrating from
|
Phoenicia
|
|
The merchant aristocracy that controlled Carthage was unique because it
|
allowed ambitious and successful individuals and families to gain political influence
|
|
By 300 B.C.E., Celtic people were found in what regions?
|
(ALL) Hungary, Turkey, Italy, Greece, Briatin, France, Spain and Ireland
|
|
The political organization of the Celts was
|
Nonexistent; each Celtic group was regional and followed no one ruler
|
|
What is a distinctive feature of Celtic miliatary activity?
|
Warriors fought naked and took the heads of enemies
|
|
Druids were
|
Celtic priests in Gaul and Britain
|
|
One of the best text sources we have about the Celts was written by
|
Julius Caesar
|
|
What is a distinctive feature of Celtic miliatary activity?
|
Warriors fought naked and took the heads of enemies
|
|
Celtic women
|
could inherit their husbands' estates
|
|
Druids were
|
Celtic priests in Gaul and Britain
|
|
Unlike other ancient cultures in Europe and western Asia, Celts believed in
|
the belief in reincarnation
|
|
One of the best text sources we have about the Celts was written by
|
Julius Caesar
|
|
The cultural core of early Olmec civilization was located at
|
San Lorenze and La Venta
|
|
Celtic women
|
could inherit their husbands' estates
|
|
Why did the Olmec lay out their cities in alignment with the paths of stars?
|
They believed in the signifigance of astronomical events
|
|
Unlike other ancient cultures in Europe and western Asia, Celts believed in
|
the belief in reincarnation
|
|
The makers of the "giant head" carvings in Mesoamerica were part of which civilization?
|
Olmec
|
|
The cultural core of early Olmec civilization was located at
|
San Lorenze and La Venta
|
|
An example of the enduring impact of the Olmec on Mesoamerican life is
|
ritual ball games
|
|
Why did the Olmec lay out their cities in alignment with the paths of stars?
|
They believed in the signifigance of astronomical events
|
|
Why was Chavin de Huantar's location pivitol in its success?
|
It was located at the intersection of trade routes between the mountain valleys and the coastal lowlands
|
|
The makers of the "giant head" carvings in Mesoamerica were part of which civilization?
|
Olmec
|
|
An example of the enduring impact of the Olmec on Mesoamerican life is
|
ritual ball games
|
|
Why was Chavin de Huantar's location pivitol in its success?
|
It was located at the intersection of trade routes between the mountain valleys and the coastal lowlands
|
|
The only domesticated beast of burden in the Andean region was the
|
Llama <3
|
|
Darius established the administrative center of his empire in
|
Susa
|
|
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the recovery of the Archaic period?
|
The cure of various infectious diseases
|
|
After emergence from the Dark Ages, the population of Greece increased as much as five-fold. Which of the following was not a reason for the population increase?
|
Dramatic increases in agriculture needed more labor sources
|
|
Irrigation in Iran was different that other areas because of the large desert plain. How did they compenate for this?
|
Vertical shafts provided access to underground irrigation
|
|
Coins were signifigant in all of the following ways except
|
They were used to pay the professional soldiers
|
|
The Persian provinces were administerd by
|
Satraps or hereditary provincial governors
|
|
Which of the following is not a tenet of Zoroastrianism?
|
Belief in reincarnation of the dead
|
|
Close-formed ranks of soldiers, called up in times of war, were called
|
hoplites
|
|
Despite the adoption of their alphabet system from the Phoenicians, literacy in Greece
|
remained elusive for several centuries, relying on oral traditions
|
|
An oligarchy is a society in which
|
the wealthy members of society have political power
|
|
Greek philosophers emphasized which perspective of viewing the world?
|
Rational explanations for the world around them rather than reliance on the supernatural
|
|
The area of the polis in which citizens would come together to ratify decisions of their leaders was called the
|
agora
|
|
The Archaic period in Greece began
|
because of renewed contacts with Phoenicia
|
|
The Greek concept of democracy included political participation by
|
All free, native-born, adult males
|
|
Who would not have traveled wiith the emperor's entourage in Persia?
|
Magi
|
|
Under Darius's legal system, subject peoples in Persian territories were
|
still allowed to live under their own laws
|
|
The Archaic Greek development of humanism, a lasting feature of Western civilization, was
|
a valuing of the uniqueness, rights, and talents of individuals
|
|
Worship of gods at state sponsored festivals was seen as
|
an expression of civic identity
|
|
Cyrus and his son ruled their empire by following a practical approach of
|
respecting local priests and native traditions
|
|
The Medes were the first Iranian people to
|
reach a complex level of political organization
|
|
How does the Peloponnesian War reveal an inherent flaw in Greek society?
|
The independent poleis fostered rivalry and mistrust among neighbors
|
|
The most important trade items in ancient Iran were
|
minerals, textiles, and carpets
|
|
Although Greece is described as "resource poor" in the chapter, it economically prospered
|
through access to foreign resources, markets, and ideas
|
|
The three great Greek classical philosophers are
|
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
|
|
The Greeks believed that their gods gave advice through
|
oracles
|
|
Early Iranian social organization was
|
patriarchal
|
|
What grew well in the dry environment of Greece?
|
Olive trees, grape vines, and barley
|
|
The king responsible for unifying Iran was
|
Cyrus
|
|
Which of the following is not among the policies used by Alexander the Great to control his vast empire?
|
He promoted local militias
|
|
The father of history in the Western tradition is
|
Herodotus
|
|
The Greek Dark Age was a period of
|
Poverty, isolation, and depopulation
|
|
The Persian defeat in the wars with greece was due to all of the following except
|
Domestic political turmoil
|
|
Greek poleis or city-states developed because of
|
Greek geography, especially mountains, which separated populations
|
|
Greece was organized into city-states called
|
poleis
|
|
Which was not a method by which the Persians strengthen their empire?
|
Using a unified, comprehensive law code like Hammurabi's
|
|
The Greek gods and goddesses were seen as
|
superhuman and immortal, but otherwise anthropomorphic
|
|
After uniting Media and Persia, Cyrus conquered
|
Lydia and Babylon
|
|
When Alexander the Great died, his vast empire
|
was broken up into 3 Macedonian dynasties
|
|
The term Hellenistic Age refers to the
|
Political and cultural influence of Greece over foreign subjects in North Africa and western Asia
|
|
What can be considered the symbol of Athenian naval success?
|
The trireme
|
|
The first Romans to reach China's court of Emperor Huan were envoys of which emperor?
|
Marcus Aurelius
|
|
The economic wealth of the early Roman state was based on
|
farming
|
|
The center of political action in the Roman Republic was
|
the Senate
|
|
In Roman society
|
the father's word was law in his household
|
|
Which statement is true about Roman women?
|
They exercised influence over husbands and sons
|
|
How did the early Romans view the natural world?
|
As filled with numerous invisible shapeless forces called numina
|
|
The covenant of protection between the gods and the Romans was called
|
pax deorum
|
|
Which of the following was not a contributing factor to Roman expansion?
|
the mandate to impose their religion on neighboring regions
|
|
A signifigant difference in Roman expansion versus Greek was that Romans
|
extended citizenship in degrees to most conquered populations
|
|
For a period of over 60 years Rome fought a war of expansion with which people?
|
Carthage
|
|
Two protracted and bloody wars against the Carthagians were important because
|
Rome won control of the western Mediterranean
|
|
During the Republic, Romans managed their imperial territories by
|
establishing a provincial administration and sending a Roman senator to oversee matters
|
|
As the numbers of independent farmers declined in the later Republic, Italian landowners increasingly turned to
|
inexpensive slaves
|
|
What factor caused a decrease in small farms in the Late Roman Republic
|
The growth of latifundia and a shift to notstaple crops
|
|
The emperor responsible for the reorganization of the Roman government after 31 B.C.E. was
|
Octavian
|
|
The main reason for the decline of the Roman Republic was
|
miliatary leaders with armies loyal to them rather than to the state
|
|
Under the Principate, Roman law
|
was based on the Twelve Tables and supplemented by decreed from the Senate and bills from the Assemblies
|
|
One of the factors that most helped the growth of commerce was
|
the implementation of the "pax romana" or roman peace
|
|
One of the most enduring consequences of the Roman Empire has been the
|
Romanization of the western Mediterranean
|
|
Before 212 C.E., many people living outside Italy became Roman citizens
|
after serving lengthy terms of military service
|
|
The circumstance surrounding Jesus' ministry and acclamation by his followers as the messiah was
|
The Roman occupation of Judaea
|
|
How is the career of Paul an example of the "cosmopolitan" nature of the Roman Empire?
|
He was able to use the benefits of Roman citizenship, roads, and cities to spread Christianity
|
|
Why was becoming Christian considered an act of disloyalty in the Roman Empire?
|
Christians could not worship the emperor as a deity
|
|
Who were not among the earliest converts to Christianity
|
Urban merchants
|
|
The engineering expertise of the Romans is seen in all of these except
|
gothic cathedrals
|
|
Starting with the reign of Augustus, the Roman Army was reorganized and redeployed to
|
shift from an offensive to a defensive strategy
|
|
The most visible symptom of Rome's "third-century crisis" was the
|
frequent change of rulers
|
|
What was the reason for the economic decline in the third century c.e.?
|
Debasing of coinage by the emperors
|
|
Who reformed Rome in the third century C.E. and saved it from decline?
|
Diocletian
|
|
The conversion to Christianity of which Roman emperor ushered in a time of tolerance, acceptance, and eventual dominance of Christianity?
|
Constantine
|
|
What city became the new imperial capital of the Roman Empire in 324 C.E.?
|
Alexandria
|
|
The competition among states in the Warring States Period resulted in
|
the creation of the first empire under the Qin state
|
|
In an effort to increase his power, Shi Huangdi cracked down on
|
Christian missionaries
|
|
Which of the following was not a tactic used to re-centralize power under the Qin?
|
a return to Confucianist values
|
|
Because of the influence of Confucian ethics, Chinese values emphasized
|
obeidience and proper conduct
|
|
One of the great construction projects of Shi Hunag-di was
|
connection of walls which ultimately made up The Great Wall
|
|
What was buried with the Emperor Shi Huang-di in his elaborate tomb
|
statues of his soldier
|
|
The Confucian view of proper female behavior was exemplified by the
|
three submissions
|
|
It was customary for young brides in China to
|
live with their husband's families
|
|
The Qin ruler took the title Shi Huangdi, whcih meant
|
First Emperor
|
|
Which is not one of the reasons for the fall of the Qin Empire?
|
Incorporation in the empire of different ethnicities
|
|
The well-planned urban capital of the Han dynasty was
|
Chang'an
|
|
How did Gaozu deal with Xiongnu confederation threat?
|
He adopted a policy of appeasement
|
|
In what way did Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty significantly differ from previous emperors?
|
He was ambitious in exploring and conquering more territory
|
|
The important Han innovations include the development of
|
The horse collar, the watermill, and the crossbow
|
|
The leading export commodity of China during the Han was
|
silk
|
|
Which of the following is not generally considered a contributing factor to the fall of the Han Empire?
|
The subversive ideas of Buddhism
|
|
The foundations for Indian civilization were laid in which age?
|
Vedic
|
|
Three harvests each year have been possible in some parts of India because of
|
high rainfall from the monsoons
|
|
The Vedic Age was a new historical period in India marked by
|
the domincance of Indo-Europeans over India
|
|
The varna system developed in order to create
|
social order between groups
|
|
Race became an issue of class differentiation in the Vedic Age as the Aryas competed with the Dasa. The difference was that
|
Aryas were Indo-European and lighter skinned
|
|
The reincarnation of the atman into a given class depends on
|
karma or deeds in life
|
|
What is the underlying message of the cycle of reincarnation?
|
You are where you deserve to be
|
|
Indian ritual sacrifices were intended to
|
promote stability in the world
|
|
The Brahmins may have delayed the introduction of writing because
|
They were trying to protect their status within society as the keepers of knowledge
|
|
Which of the following statements about women in the Vedic Age cannot be learned from Vedic literature?
|
They are depicted as slaves to men
|
|
Which of the following was not a way that individuals sought an alternative path to salvation?
|
Becoming a Brahmin
|
|
Release from the cycle of reincarnation is called
|
Moksha
|
|
Buddhism and Jainism gained popularity in the late Vedic period because
|
they offered insight or enlightenment as a path to salvation instead of rituals
|
|
Jainism adherents believed in extreme nonviolence, to the extent they
|
(ALL) would not inhale bugs, would not practice agriculture, practiced extreme asceticism
|
|
Siddhart Gautama articulated the "Four Noble Truths", which taught that
|
life is suffering, and suffering is caused by desire
|
|
Some followers of Buddhism took vows of
|
celibacy, nonviolence, and povery
|
|
The ultimate spiritual reward in Buddhism is
|
nirvana
|
|
Buddhists who followed the original teachings of the Buddha are called
|
practitioners of Theravada
|
|
A Bddhist who had found enlightenment was call
|
bodhisattva
|
|
Which of the following is not an element of the Hindu religion
|
the denial of the existence of a soul
|
|
The more popular Hindu deity in the north of India is
|
Vishnu
|
|
The idea of gods having avatars is demonstrated in Devi/Kali, who represents
|
creation and destruction
|
|
One of the most common forms of worship in Hinduism is
|
doing service to a deity by feeding its statue
|
|
One of the most sacred places for pilgrimage in Hinduism is
|
the Ganges River
|
|
Which of the following has not been a factor in India's habitual political fragmentation?
|
Repeated interference by China in Indian affairs
|
|
The earliest deciphered Indian writing was
|
the edicts of Ashoka
|
|
The Mauryan leader Ashoka converted to Buddhism and became a unique leader because
|
he was overwhelmed by the brutality of his early conquests
|
|
During the first centuries C.E., the two great epics of India take their final form; they are
|
the Ramayana and the Mahabharata
|
|
Which of the following was not a reason for fostering expansion and prosperity in the post-Mauryan era?
|
uniform religious practices
|
|
The major reason the Mauryan Empire collapsed was
|
demand for resources by the administrative and miliatary complex
|
|
What was the greatest advantage of the Gupta Empire army?
|
A well armed cavalry
|
|
Why is the Gupta Empire decribed as a "theater-state"?
|
The splendor and ceremonies of court advertised the benefits of empire
|
|
One of the most important contributions made by Gupta intellectuals was the
|
concept of zero
|
|
A significant factor in extending Gupta power structures was
|
a close alliance with the Brahmins in exchange for land
|
|
The classical form of the HIndu temple emerged in what era
|
Gupta
|
|
During the Gupta period, India developed an extensive land and sea trading network by exporting what products?
|
Cotton cloth, ivory, and metalwork
|
|
The Gupta Empire collapsed in 550 C.E.
|
After invasions by the Huns of Central Asia
|
|
Southeast Asia first rose to prominence because
|
it was an intermediary in regional trade
|
|
Southeast Asia is described as a "geologically active zone", meaning that
|
the islands are the tops if a chain of volcanoes
|
|
Which of the following are not among the plant and animal species that thrive in Southeast Asia
|
Wheat and water buffalo
|
|
Which of the following were not among the impressive navigational skills developed by the Malay people?
|
the astrolabe
|
|
Most of Southeast Asia's early commerce was conducted with
|
India and China
|
|
The first major Southeast Asian center, Funan, dominated what key location for trade
|
The Isthmus of Kra
|
|
The Srivijayan kingdom was well situated to
|
control vital passageways for shipping
|
|
The Srivijayan king presented himself as a bodhisattva, or
|
someone who had achieved enlightenment and would share his wisdom with the people
|
|
The most important cultural influence on Southeast Asian kingdoms came from
|
India
|
|
One difference between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean seafaring was
|
Mediterranean seamen rarely sailed far from shore
|
|
The subsequent split of supporters to differen caliphs, or successorsm divided the umma into
|
Shi'ites and Sunnis
|
|
One of the greatest promoters of Buddhism was
|
King Ashoka of India
|
|
The capital of the Umayyad caliphate was in
|
Damascus
|
|
Muhammad's revelations from the angel are compiled in a book called
|
the Quran
|
|
Most subjects of both Byzantine and Sasanid rulers found common identity in
|
religion
|
|
The founder of the Umayyad Caliphate was
|
Yazid, son of Mu'awiya
|
|
The Sasanid Empire was centered in the area that is present-day
|
Iran
|
|
Islam means
|
surrender to the will of God
|
|
The Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade fostered the spread of which religion?
|
Buddhism
|
|
All of the following are true about camels in Arab society except
|
they caused disintergration of the internal road structure because it was no longer necessary
|
|
The indian Ocean Maritime
forged economic and social ties between |
East Africa, Arabia, India, China, and Southeast Asia
|
|
Ships in the Indian Ocean Maritime System were better prepared for long-distance travel than the Greeks because
|
They could take advantage of monsoon winds to drive their ships
|
|
Which of the following does not constitute a shared cultural heritage or "great tradition"?
|
Political unity
|
|
What facilitated the spread of Christianity to Armenia?
|
The invention of an Armenian alphabet
|
|
Most sub-Saharan languages come from one giant linguistic family, called
|
Bantu
|
|
Which of the following statements is not true about the rule of the Seljuk Empire
|
Mesopotamia grew in populations and influence
|
|
Family life in the Indian Ocean coastal areas were considered more cosmopolitan becuse
|
blended families were bicultural and bilingual
|
|
The foundation of Islamic civilization is the Shari'a, or
|
law
|
|
Why was the direction of prayer focused on Mecca
|
because Mecca is the site of the Ka'ba
|
|
General Zhang Jian is credited with introducing which of the following to China?
|
Alfalfa and wine grapes
|
|
Transplanted foods carried by seafarers to Africa include
|
yams and bananas
|
|
Despite the fact that conversions to Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because
|
the empire had become too big to rule effectively
|
|
Muhammad's teachings built upon the beliefs of
|
Judaism and Christianity
|
|
Muslim religious practice is based on the
|
Five Pillars
|
|
Critical to the functioning of the Silk Road were
|
pastoralists who provided animals, handlers and protection along the road
|
|
The traditional occupation on the Arabian peninsula was
|
farming
|
|
After the city of Mecca surrendered to Muhammad, he established a new state based on a
|
common religious faith
|
|
The establishment of Zoroastrianism and Christianity as offical faiths in the Byzantine and Sasanid Empires set the precedent for what furture ever?
|
The rise of Islam as the focus of an empire
|
|
The great vision of the Shari'a is an umma with
|
common moral value, minimizing ethnic and political divisions
|
|
The development of metallury in Africa involved
|
iron
|
|
What natural resource provided the incentive to trade for southern Saharan dwellers?
|
salt
|
|
The early inhabitants of the East African island of Madagascar came from
|
the islands of Southeast Asia
|
|
After Muhammad's death, the Muslim community
|
chose a caliph, Abu Bakr
|
|
Africa is home to approximately how many languages, emphasizing its diversity?
|
2000
|
|
The importance of trans-Saharan trade was that it
|
connected North and South Africa
|
|
The mariners involved in the Indian Ocean trade were
|
a multilingual and multiethnic group
|
|
The agricultural area bordering the Sahara Desert is called the Sahel, which in Arabic literally means
|
the coast
|
|
Which of the following statements about Muslim women is not true?
|
They often played a role in public life
|
|
Byzantine power was significantly diminished by the Seljuks with
|
the Battle of Manzikert
|
|
The best primary evidence of early Saharan history consists of
|
a vast number of rock paintings and engravings
|
|
Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam all spread
|
without dependency on a single ethnic or kinship group
|
|
What was the leading motivation for unification of the Muslims?
|
To fight against the Crusaders
|
|
Mecca is an important city because it
|
is a caravan city and pilgramage site of the Ka'ba
|
|
Muhammad conceived Islam after
|
experiencing revelations
|
|
Which animal was most important to Saharan transportation
|
Camels
|
|
The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was due to
|
growing unrest among non-Arab Muslims, who demanded access to political power
|
|
Why did Muhammad leave Mecca for Medina?
|
Meccan leaders were threatened by his popularity
|
|
What did the Sasanid and Byzantine Empires have in common?
|
Central control of imperial finances
|
|
Why is the Abbasid rule considered a "golden age"?
|
It created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghdad
|
|
What military technologies did the Silk Road spread?
|
Chariot warfare, mounted bowmen, and the stirrup
|
|
Which of the following is not an example of a broad common element underlying African life and culture
|
A common language
|