Wgu - Integrated Natural Science

Front 1

How is the scientific method used to solve problems?

Back 1

The Scientific Method is used to solve problems by using keen observations, rational analysis, and experimentation.

Front 2

What are the 5 components of the scientific method?

Back 2

Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Prediction & Conclusion.

Front 3

What is Observation?

Back 3

Observation is closely observing the physical world around you.

Front 4

What is a Question?

Back 4

A Question recognizes a question or a problem.

Front 5

What is a Hypothesis?

Back 5

A Hypothesis is an educated guess or a reasonable explanation. When a Hypothesis can be tested by experiment, it qualifies as a scientific hypothesis.

Front 6

What is a Prediction?

Back 6

A Prediction predicts consequences that can be observed if the hypothesis is correct. The consequences should be absent if the hypothesis is not correct.

Front 7

What is a Conclusion?

Back 7

A Conclusion formulates the simplest general rule that organizes the predicted effects and experimental findings.

Front 8

What is the Principle of Falsifiability?

Back 8

For a hypothesis to be considered scientific, it must be, in principle, capable of being proven wrong.

Front 9

Define and give an example of a Fact.

Back 9

A fact is generally something that competent observers can agree to be true.

Example: an amputated limb of a salamander can grow back.

Front 10

Define and give an example of a Theory.

Back 10

A theory is a synthesis of facts and well-tested hypothesis.

Example: Evolution is the theory of how the world came to be today.

Front 11

Define and give an example of a Law.

Back 11

A law is a general hypothesis or statement about the relationship of natural quantities that has been tested over and over again and has not been contradicted. A law is also known as a Principle.

Example: Netwon's Third Law - in every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction.

Front 12

Define and give an example of Evidence.

Back 12

Evidence serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis.

Front 13

Define and give an example of an Experiment.

Back 13

An Experiment is a test carried out in order to discover whether a theory is correct or what the results of a particular course of action would be.

Example: Dropping two objects of different masses to see which hit the ground first to test a theory on gravity.

Front 14

What did Galileo do to change Aristotle's belief that heavy objects fall faster than lighter objects?

Back 14

Galileo "experimented" with Aristotle's belief by dropping 2 objects of different mass from the same place to see if the larger object fell faster.

Front 15

What is a System?

Back 15

A system is a combination of related parts organized into a complex whole.

Front 16

How are systems used to study science/biology?

Back 16

Scientists study individual parts of a system to learn how they make up the whole. In Biology, this could be the study of cells within an organism; in science, this could be the study of minnows and bait fish in a pond.

Front 17

What is the difference between "Inductive" and "Deductive" reasoning?

Back 17

Deductive reasoning involves moving from generalities to specifics. Inductive reasoning works from specifics and expands them into theories.

Front 18

How is creativity used in Science?

Back 18

Creativity is used in science by involving the imagination to tackle creative problem solving; or to seek the discovery of new ideas, concepts or associations.

Front 19

How are hypothesis used in scientific inquiry?

Back 19

Hypothesis are used in science as starting, or furthering, steps to answer a question or problem. Hypothesis are then tested in an experiment to find them credible or not.

Front 20

What elements are important when designing a controlled experiment?

Back 20

Dependent Variable - the variable that cannot change in an experiment.

Independent Variable- all other variables that can change.

Front 21

How does a hypothesis differ from a scientific theory?

Back 21

A hypothesis is an educated guess about a single event or item, whereas a theory is a collection of synthesized facts and hypothesis.

Front 22

What is the relationship between science and technology?

Back 22

Science is concerned with gathering knowledge and organizing it, and technology lets us use that knowledge for practical purposes. Technology can be used to fuel or improve the study of science, but doesn't answer scientific questions on it's own.

Front 23

How are field studies used in science?

Back 23

Field studies are used to place scientists within the natural habitat for observation, vs. being in a lab environment for observation.

Front 24

What is Biology?

Back 24

Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms.

Front 25

What is Chemistry?

Back 25

Chemistry is the study of matter and elements.

Front 26

What is Physics?

Back 26

Physics is the study of matter, energy, force and motion and how they relate to each other.

Front 27

What is Geology?

Back 27

Geology is the study of the earth, rocks, soil & minerals; along with it's history and origin.

Front 28

What is Earth Science?

Back 28

Earth Science is a science that studies the earth's physical properties, structure or development. Geology is an Earth Science.

Front 29

What is Astronomy?

Back 29

Astronomy is the study of the universe, especially of the motions, positions, sizes, composition and behavior.

Front 30

What is the goal of using an integrated approach to studying science?

Back 30

To better understand the natural world and the many scientific issues using an integrated approach.

Front 31

Explain the limitations of Science?

Back 31

Some questions don't have testable answers, Science can answers questions regarding value; and science can't answer questions about morality or the supernatural.

Front 32

Explain the limitations of a scientific investigation.

Back 32

Science only deal with things that are testable, which limits its domain to the observable world. While science can try to give insight into areas not observable, the inability to test or observance tremendously limit's science's ability to prove anything in those areas.

Front 33

How does biology integrate other disciplines, give an example?

Back 33

Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms. As living organisms interact with our planet, its elements and other science areas, Biology can play an important part in forming hypothesis and performing experiments.

Example: The study of man in space over long periods of time.

Front 34

What is a Gram?

Back 34

A gram is a metric unit for measuring mass.

Front 35

What is a Liter?

Back 35

A liter is a unit measurement for volume.

Front 36

What is a Micrometer?

Back 36

A micrometer is a linear unit of measurement for length or distance (one-millionth of a meter).

Front 37

What is a Millimeter?

Back 37

A millimeter is a unit of measurement for length or distance equal to one-thousandth of a meter.

Front 38

What is Meters/Second/Second?

Back 38

A unit of velocity and the time during which the velocity changes.

Front 39

What are Amperes?

Back 39

The rate of flow of 1 coulomb of charge per second.

Front 40

What are pH Units?

Back 40

pH units are a measurement of acidity of alkalinity in which the pH of pure water is 7, lower are acidic and higher are alkaline.

Front 41

What are Newtons?

Back 41

Newtons are units of force, equivalent to the force that produces an acceleration of one meter per second per second on a mass of one kilogram.

Front 42

What is a Volt?

Back 42

A volt is a unit of electromotive force.

Front 43

What are Ohms?

Back 43

Ohms or units of electrical resistance.

Front 44

What are Joules?

Back 44

Joules are a unit of energy of work.

Front 45

What is a Kilogram?

Back 45

Kilograms are the basic unit of measurement for mass.

Front 46

What is Kelvin?

Back 46

Kelvin is a unit of absolute temperature.

Front 47

What are Watts?

Back 47

Watts are unit measurements of power.

Front 48

Why do we use machines?

Back 48

We use machines to make work easier to perform.

Front 49

What is the equation of work?

Back 49

Work = Force x Distance (W=FxD).

Front 50

How does a simple machine affect work output?

Back 50

1. By transferring force from one place to another.

2. Changing the direction of the force.

3. Increasing the magnitude of the force.

4. Increasing the distance of the force.

Front 51

What is the difference between work output and work input?

Back 51

Input is the force put into creating motion of a resisting object, whereas output force is the output energy transferred to the resisting object.

Front 52

List the types of simple machines.

Back 52

Lever, Wheel & Axle, Pulley, Incline Plane, Wedge & Screw.

Front 53

What is the mechanical advantage of a lever?

Back 53

the ratio of the length of the lever on the applied force side of the fulcrum to the length of the lever on the resistance force side of the fulcrum.

Front 54

What is the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle?

Back 54

The ratio of the radius of the wheel to the radius of the axle?

Front 55

What is the mechanical advantage of a pulley?

Back 55

Is equal to the number of ropes that support the moveable pulley.

Front 56

What is the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane?

Back 56

Is equal to the length of the slope divided by the height of the inclined plane.

Front 57

What is the mechanical advantage of a wedge?

Back 57

Can be found by dividing the length of either slope (S) by the thickness (T) of the big end.

Front 58

What is the mechanical advantage of a screw?

Back 58

Is equal to the circumference of the simple machine to which the effort force is applied divided by the pitch of the screw

Front 59

What is Gravitational oFrce?

Back 59

Gravitational Force is the attractive force between objects due to mass.

Front 60

Explain what happens to the Gravitational Force when there is a change in distance between objects?

Back 60

The greater the distance between two objects of mass the less the gravitational force. The closer the objects the greater the gravitational force.

Front 61

Use an example to explain the Inverse Square Law?

Back 61

A teacher's voice as spoken in a room will become quieter and less heard as the sound waves move further from her. Leading to kids in the back of the class not hearing the teacher as clearly as those in the front of the room.

Front 62

What is Projectile Motion?

Back 62

Projectile Motion is the vertical and horizontal movement of an object in motion.

Front 63

How does an object become a satellite?

Back 63

An object becomes a satellite by traveling at a sideways velocity at such a speed that when captured by the gravitational pull of another object, maintains a balance of sideway speed to neither escape the gravitational pull, or have gravity effect it in a way that draws it closer to the object.

Front 64

What happens when a satellite speed exceeds 8 km/s?

Back 64

It will change the satellite's orbit to be elliptical instead of circular.

Front 65

Explain the role of gravity in the formation of our solar systems and galaxies.

Back 65

1. Gravity caused our nebula to slow down and collapse.

2. The nebula gained enough mass to become a protostar

3. This protostar eventually became a planet. 4. The planets formed their own gravity, capturing debris around them to form disks.

Front 66

List the ways that gravity affects the objects in the solar system.

Back 66

Gravity holds our solar system in place.

Front 67

Why does the same side of the Moon always face the earth?

Back 67

Synchronous rotation, tidal locking, causes the moon to have slight egg shape and rotate at the right speed so that the same side of moon faces the earth.

Front 68

Explain the relationship between thermal energy and gravitational force in a star's life cycle.

Back 68

The greater the thermal energy the stronger the gravitational force.

Front 69

How does gravity affect light in a black hole?

Back 69

Light affects a black hole by capturing light and leading into the singularity because light must travel a line with space, but space is also affected by gravity causing light to also be affected and disappear in a black hole.

Front 70

How does gravitational field affect light?

Back 70

Light is affected by gravity because light travels lines of space/mass which are affected by gravity.

Front 71

What is Electrical Force?

Back 71

Is attraction between 2 objects with an electrical charge.

Front 72

Explain the conservation of charge.

Back 72

That total electric charge of an isolated system remains constant, no matter what internal changes take place.

Front 73

How is Coulomb's law regarding electrical force, similar to Newton's law of gravitation?

Back 73

Both decrease inversely as the square of the distance between them changes.

Front 74

What happens when a charged particle enters an electric field?

Back 74

It experiences force (attractive or opposing depending on charge).

Front 75

How can electric potential energy increase?

Back 75

If the particle is released, it accelerates in a direction away from the sphere, and its electric potential energy changes to kinetic energy, thus increasing the electric potential energy.

Front 76

What does a volt mean, in the context of a 9V battery?

Back 76

It means that one of the battery terminals is 9v higher in potential than the other one.