Western Civ 1 Test 3

Front 1

Etruscans

Back 1

invade native people of italy, italics, and establish Etruria. they use italics as labor and soldiers

Front 2

Rome (founded)

Back 2

founded by the Italic people on fringe of Etruscan domination

Front 3

Etruscans leave behind

Back 3

alphabet, religion, political system, forms of entertainment...arena fighting

Front 4

Romes Monarchial Constitution

Back 4

King elected by Senate, banner chief of army, chief preist, chief judge etc.
Senate, 100 aristocrates, served for life, advised king
Coriate Assembly, all male assembly, little power rubber stamped kings decisions, when king took power Coriate granted Imperium to him

Front 5

Last few kings of Monarchial Rome

Back 5

They were abusive, son of last king accused of rapping senators wife, drove king out and abolished monarchy

Front 6

Republican Government Consuls

Back 6

2 ofem elected for one year terms, reside over the senate, both go to meetings, acted and looked like kings sitting on thrones, in the event of emergency could be appointed as a dictator for 6 months

Front 7

Republican Government Legislative

Back 7

increased in size to 300 members, aristocrats served for life, advisors, direct military, policy makers

Front 8

Republican Government Under Senate

Back 8

Assembly of the Tribes, organized based on the 35 tribes of Rome votes decided by majority of tribes, 4 urban tribes, 31 rural tribes, passed laws, conducted trials, elected questers
Assembly of Centuries, the roman army devided into groups, 193 centuries in rome, divided into 5 classes based on wealth, ratified peace treaties, declared wars, elected consuls and censors

Front 9

Republican Government Tribune

Back 9

10 eventually, elected for one year terms, represent the people cuz they can veto the senate and other offices

Front 10

Roman Society Social Structure

Back 10

2 Basic Classes
Patricians - Upper Class
Plebian - Lower Class

Front 11

Most Important Roman Institution

Back 11

Family

Front 12

Roman Family

Back 12

Father held imperiom over family, but limited power over wife,
Before women marry she is controled by man ie father brother,
if women wishes to remain in fathers inheritance she chose common law marriage,
women managed household, slaves, raised kids, advised hubby, she could only buy or sell with mans permision,

Front 13

Marriage Ceremony

Back 13

Manus - (hand)

Front 14

Clientage

Back 14

a client who was inferior younger person, entrusted to the protection of an older more powerful man, client would render services, military, labor for physical or legal protection
if trust were betrayed then betrayer would be cursed

Front 15

Slavory

Back 15

By 2nd century bc slavor largest source of labor in rome, Dynamic institution, ie you could get out of slavory, freeing slaves became common in late bc,
by time of augustus slaves number 2-3 million

Front 16

Latifundia

Back 16

Large wealthy highly productive estates that sold cash crops such as olives, grapes, wool

Front 17

Legion

Back 17

4200 men made of 10 Coherts of 420 men, Cohert divided into 4 maniples which is 2 centuries of 60 men, much more flexible than the Phalanx
every able bodied man served
in front of the legion young boys would throw spears at the enemy and then get out of the way
front line peasents
second line weathier men little older
third line old men no older than 60
calvery highest among them cuz expensice to own a horse

Front 18

Roman Polical Reforms

Back 18

Struggle of the Order, Plebians distisfied with structure, clamoured for reforms but never reach full democracy

Front 19

Office of Tribune

Back 19

1st change in struggle of the orders, 10 tribunes elected served one year terms, veto power over majistrate,champions of lower class, becomes a dangerous job

Front 20

Law of the 12 Tables

Back 20

second change in the struggle of the order, 1st time roman law is recorded, a step in the direction of popular government, Draconian Code and sophsticated.

Front 21

Plebian Consul

Back 21

third change in the struggle of the orders... Plebian Consul elected for the first time, champion of Plebian class

Front 22

Tribal Assembly rules

Back 22

4th change in the struggle of the orders... rules that laws passed by them would bypass the senate and be binding to the state.

Front 23

first Punic war

Back 23

against Carthaginians.. one of the most destructive wars in history. Rome didn't have navy when started but had a large one when it ended. all fighting on island of sicily or in waters around it.

Front 24

indemnity

Back 24

fine the romans place on Carthage.

Front 25

Hannibal

Back 25

raised to hate Romans, father fought in first war, he attacks roman town, rome wants him turned over

Front 26

second Punic war

Back 26

40000 men march through Gaul and through alps to northern Italy to take romans by surprise. defeat romans easily. Hannibal moves to southern Italy and waits.

Front 27

Cannae

Back 27

town where romans think they are ready for Hannibal. They are defeated handedly. Hannibal feints a retreat romans follow and Hannibal encircles roman army.

Front 28

Publius Cornelius Scipio

Back 28

Roman general takes army through Spain and invades northern Africa. Hannibal returns to Carthage to help.

Front 29

Zama

Back 29

final battle in second Punic war between Scipio and Hannibal. Hannibal looses and flees and is never found.

Front 30

1st Punic War indemnity

Back 30

3200 talents (heavy fine)

Front 31

2nd Punic War indemnity

Back 31

give entire navy over, loose islands Corsica and Sardinia, can only have army with Romes permission, indemnity increase to 10000 talents

Front 32

1st Macedonian War

Back 32

occurs during 2nd Punic war, Phillip the fifth forms alliance with Hannibal, Rome uses Greek city states to fight Phillip and war ends without clear winner.

Front 33

Second Macedonian War

Back 33

Phillip tries to get Greeks to side with him. Rome declares war. first time legion vs. phalanx. phalanx is demonstrated to be obsolete.

Front 34

Cynoscephalae

Back 34

Town where romans wipe the floor with the Macedonian phalanx during second Macedonian war.

Front 35

Third Macedonian War

Back 35

Persius becomes king of Macedonia and instigates Rome, romans crush them and dethrone persius, divide Macedonia into 4 republics forbidding commerce between them and intermarriage keeping Macedonia small and week.

Front 36

Third Punic War

Back 36

Senator Cado ended every speech with "besides, Carthage must be destroyed", Rome found a reason and declared war with Carthage. Rome burns Carthage and survivors are sold into slavery. legend says Romans salted land to prevent farming

Front 37

Carthaginian Peace

Back 37

total annihilation of enemy

Front 38

Social and Political Problems in Rome

Back 38

Men leave behind land and property for war, absorbed by patricians, men come home and cant get work... unemployment, assemblies and tribunes are methods for change.

Front 39

Tiberius Gracchus

Back 39

A tribune who writes land bill to give back land to men, he goes ahead with bill without approval of senate, at rally patricians show up and beet and stab him and supporters.

Front 40

Gaius Gracchus

Back 40

tiberius' bro. wants to cary out brothers work. senate approves land bill, he wants to nationalize grain supply, patricians oppose, then he wants to extend the right to vote to tribes. senate declares him an enemy of rome and during rally patricians show and kill him and supporters dumping bodies in river.

Front 41

Jurgurthine War

Back 41

Jugurthe is king of Numidia, they drive out romans and kill some. Rome declares war.

Front 42

Gaius Marius

Back 42

he is elected consul by senate to end the Jugurthine war. he is not a politician, not roman born, military man and good leader. he defeats jugurthe in battle but doesn't find him.

Front 43

Lucius Cornelius Sulla

Back 43

General who resented Marius leadership. sulla captures Jugurthe and recieves parade.

Front 44

Men of Horseback

Back 44

men who use military force to gain political power. extremly self ceneterd and egotistical, don't trust anyone, but capable intellegent leaders. Marius and Sulla the first.

Front 45

Proscriptions

Back 45

when you proscribe someone you are declaring them illigal, lists of Proscriptions were used to eliminate enemies

Front 46

Gnaeus Pompieus Magnus

Back 46

"pompy the great" given command of army to put down rebellion in spain.

Front 47

Marius Crassus

Back 47

Senator appointed to crush the slave rebellion led by Spartucus.

Front 48

Gaius Julius Caesar

Back 48

Friend of Crassus, an aspiring patrician

Front 49

The first Triumverate

Back 49

Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar... Caesar marries daughter of Marius, Pompey marries Caesars daughter.
Caesar becomes consulate and gains command,
Pompy get easern conquest approved,
Crassus gets command somewhere else

Front 50

Caesar after triumverate

Back 50

Caesar gets command in Gual fights agains people of gaul writes in dairy call the gallic war, he concurs up to the rhine river, orders bridge built but doesnt cross.

Front 51

Crassus after triumverate

Back 51

He is sent to Syria and goes up against the Parthian Empire and gets himself killed

Front 52

read page 11 of notes

Back 52

marius and sulla

Front 53

Pompy after triumverate

Back 53

Pompey says Caesar is getting dangerous pompeys wife dies and ceaser blames him, ceasar marches on rome and declares himself dictator, Pompy flees to greece. Caesar follows and defeats him and he flees to egypt and is murdered

Front 54

Caesar Political Reforms

Back 54

increases size of seant to 900 of his own supporters, he declares himself dictator for life, leans torward lower class, he reformed the roman calender into 365 and a quarter days, named the months, julean calender,

Front 55

Marcus Antonius

Back 55

aka mark antony Caesars right hand man

Front 56

Gaius Octavius

Back 56

aka Octavian, Caesars grand nephew chosen to take caesars place

Front 57

Second Triumvirate

Back 57

Marcus Antonius, Gaius Octavius, Marcus Lepidus... he was a strong supporter of Caesa,,, made to restore order to Rome. Octavian and Antony made Consuls, another round of conscriptions

Front 58

Cicero

Back 58

lawer strong supporter of the republic critic of men of horseback and Antonus he wasnt a threat, was killed during conscriptions, left behind a great deal of writings

Front 59

town where 2nd Triumvirate crushes conspirators

Back 59

Phillipi

Front 60

2nd Triumvirate division of Rome

Back 60

Antonius gets everything east of Greece and makes base in Egypt. Affair with Cleopatra
Octavian gets west including Rome
Lepidus get northern Africa

Front 61

Cleopatra

Back 61

Octavian finds out and senate finds antonus' will and discovers that he wants to be buried in Egypt, Octavian declares war

Front 62

Actium

Back 62

where Antony's fleet is trapped and nearly destroyed, but Antony and Cleo escape, but they are cornered in Egypt and they kill themselves

Front 63

Octavian to Augustus

Back 63

upon return to Rome he is given title Princeps "1st citizen" elected consul year after year, senate urges him to take control over most of legions to prevent civil war,and give him official title of Augustus marking the bigging of the Empire

Front 64

Augustus Accomplishments

Back 64

(Gaius Octavius) considered best emperor, credited for Pax Romana (Roman Peace), extencive road networks which enhanced comms and troop movements, establishes fire depo, establishes police force to stop riots, built aquiducts, palace temples sundile

Front 65

Augustus Foreign policy

Back 65

he aquires more territory than anyone else.

Front 66

Augustus Military reforms

Back 66

Proffesionalizes army, state provides equipment, men made it career, standardized uniform

Front 67

Augustus Setbacks

Back 67

sent 3 of his best legions to germany and all three were wiped out. he dies and orders step son to take over.

Front 68

read page 15 in notes about jesus as refresher

Back 68

duh

Front 69

Jesus 9 Doctrines

Back 69

God is father of all men
golden rule
forgive
repay evil wit good
self denial
hypocracy and greed very bad
ceremony not so important
jugement day is coming
kingdom of heaven

Front 70

Paul of Tarsus

Back 70

he is jailed for spreading christianity and writes letters to new churches, in letters paul proclaims new religoun to be universal, paul and peter crucified

Front 71

The Gospels

Back 71

"the good tidings" good news, named for there authors matthew mark luke and john

Front 72

The Acts

Back 72

gives account of weeks after crucifiction, the acts of the disciples

Front 73

The Spread of Christianity

Back 73

Missionaries braves against opposition, religion people could embrace and look forward to heaven, women permitted to worship alongside men, other religions not challenging christianity, emperors ignor it

Front 74

Jerome

Back 74

Saint, translated early bible, old testoment in hebrew and new in greek into latin, it was known as the Volgate

Front 75

Augustine

Back 75

bishop of north africa, wrote extensivly, Confessions - discribes his conversion experiance, The City of God - about sacking of rome that even was gods plan those who reject christianity will not be a part of city of god, Doctrine of Predestination - duh

Front 76

Roman Achievements Roads

Back 76

6 men accross (Augustus ordered 1st) 2 chariots could pass, wide enough for legions, road aloud for patrol of empire and good comms

Front 77

Roman Achievements Architecture

Back 77

not as fond of columns but very fond of the arch, built Colosseum, seated by class, 50000 capacity well designed p-ways,,, the Pantheon, front w/ columns rear w/ dome w/ sky light

Front 78

Roman Historians

Back 78

Titus Livius - wrote 142 books of roman history only 35 survive
Cornelius Tacitus - a senator, consul, govenor, wrote the Histories turbulunt time for emproers he had to praise everyone to save his own neck

Front 79

Augustus stepson who takes over

Back 79

Tiberius (administrator) then Gaius (Caligula) brutal, then Cladius (invasion of britain) then Nero neglectful pansy (jewish war breaks out) he commits suicide cuz know whats a comin

Front 80

year of the 4 emperors

Back 80

of the first 3 2 commit suicide and one is assassinated, the fourth, a general, brought in from the jew war Vespasian

Front 81

Vespasian

Back 81

Ruled for 10 years, leaves son in charge of war effort, he sacks Jerusulum and small number of survivors flee to masada, they hold out for a while but by the time they get up there they are all dead.

Front 82

The five good emperors

Back 82

Nerva
Trajan
Hadrian
Antoninus Pius
Marcus Aurelius

Front 83

Nerva

Back 83

respected Senate wasn't mentaly unbalanced, they don't necessarily choose family members as successor

Front 84

Trajan

Back 84

2nd best emperor, noted for respect of semate, spent entire career with army conquering Mesopotamia, chose collegue as successor

Front 85

Hadrian

Back 85

noted for defensive policies, constructed wall of hadrian in britain, wooden wall between rhine and denube.

Front 86

Antoninus Pius

Back 86

least well known of them, ruled effectivly maintained territory, tolerated christianity,

Front 87

Marcus Aurelius

Back 87

expansionist, fought german tribes, he was a stoic, had a diary which becam book called meditations, he chose son as succesor which was disastor

Front 88

the Barracks Emperors

Back 88

26 emperors to rule after marcus aurelias death

Front 89

Diocletian

Back 89

restores order and names a junior collegue Ceasar, he divided empire into four parts making it a Tetrarchy

Front 90

Tetrarchy

Back 90

two augusti, tow ceasars, and under them were the four tretrarchs, this ensure rapid succesion of rulers

Front 91

Diocletian military reforms

Back 91

army divided into two parts, mobile field force, made up of calvery for emergencies and frontier force, made up of men from local regions to defend borders

Front 92

Diocletian economic reforms

Back 92

made edict of maximum prices to control inflation which leads to shortages

Front 93

Constantine The Great

Back 93

reunites empire and establishes new capitol of Constantinople

Front 94

Council of Nicaea

Back 94

bishops called together to answer a queston... was jesus flesh and blood or god on earth?

Front 95

Theodosus

Back 95

divides empire in two, beginning of the Byzantine Empire

Front 96

Visigoths

Back 96

germanic tribe, asked romans to come into empire and rome oks. they grow intollerent of roman control and rose up, and sack rome.

Front 97

the Vandals

Back 97

tribe goes to west and sacks rome aswell,

Front 98

reasons for decline of Rome

Back 98

Empire to west was poorly managed, borders werent protected, general attitude of apathy, romans were very immoral, tribes were well led and cohesive groups and very determined, the east couldn't be attacked by land and sea.