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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Colonialism |
The colonial system or principle. (structure of same type as capitalism) |
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British Empire |
The territories occupied by the (Celtic) Britons |
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World War I |
1914-1918 |
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World War II |
1939–1945 |
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Korean War |
1950-1953 |
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Vietnam War |
1955-1975 |
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Nazi Germany |
Period of history in Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. (Rape of Europa) Suppression of Avantgarde p1056 |
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Degenerate Art |
A pejorative term viciously applied by the Nazis to all art which did not conform to their ideology and their promotion of NATIONAL SOCIALIST ART during the period 1933–45 Annual "Entartete Kunst" exhibition mocking degenerate art work by Beckmann, Ernst, Grosz,Mondrian, and Picasso. First held in 1937 |
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Naturalistic Art |
That aims at a faithful representation of nature; realistic |
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Abstract Art |
Designating art which is not founded on an attempt to represent external reality, but rather seeks to achieve an effect on the viewer purely by the use of shape, colour, and texture; of or relating to art of this kind. Of art that does not attempt to describe the appearance of visible forms but rather to transform them into stylized patterns or to alter them in conformity to ideals. |
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Non-Objective Art |
A general term applied to art which is not concerned with the depiction of the visual world. Not object. |
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Art for art’s sake |
Art considered as an end in itself. At its most extreme, the doctrine of art for art's sake holds that art is of no use whatever, that it has no real-world application, and that it is the appropriate object of an absolutely “pure” regard. in part represents the Romantic attack on neoclassicism |
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Cubism |
Picasso and Braque were the creators Geometric shapes Can be considered first and most influential movements |
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Analytic Cubism |
Breakdown of a form into geometric shapes |
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Synthetic Cubism |
Extension of analytic cubism. Increased use of color and texture. |
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Fauvism |
Movement in French painting from c. 1898 to 1906 characterized by a violence of colours, often applied unmixed from commercially produced tubes of paint in broad flat areas, by a spontaneity and even roughness of execution and by a bold sense of surface design. It was the first of a succession of avant-garde movements in 20th-century art and was influential on near-contemporary and later trends such as Expressionism, Orphism and the development of abstract art. |
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"deliberate disharmonies" |
Fauvism's stark juxtapositions of complementary hues. |
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Primitivism |
The borrowing of subjects (ex. african) or forms, usually from non-European or prehistoric sources by Western artists, in an attempt to infuse their work with the expressive qualities they attributed to other cultures, especially colonized cultures. Happens as early as 1906 when Picasso did it |
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Collage |
A composition made of cut and pasted scraps of materials, sometimes with lines or forms added by the artist. |
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Assemblage |
Artwork created by gathering and manipulating two- and/or three-dimensional found objects. Collage as sculpture. |
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Expressionists |
Edward Munch. Artistic styles in which aspects of works of art are exaggerated to evoke subjective emotions rather than to portray objective reality or elicit a rational response. |
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Die Brücke |
(The Bridge) was a group of German expressionist artists formed in Dresden in 1905-1913 Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff |
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Der Blaue Reiter |
A group of artists united in rejection of the Neue Künstlervereinigung München in Munich, Germany |
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synesthete |
Someone who “hears” colors and “sees” sound. Kandinsky uses to paint improvisation |
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Arnold Schoenberg |
Musician who Kandinsky contacted in 1910. Schoenberg eliminated the tonal center and treated all tones equally, denying the listener any place of repose and prolonging the expressive tension of his music indefinitely. |
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Kandinsky’s Concerning the Spiritual in Art |
“Color directly influences the soul. Color is the keyboard, the eyes are the hammers, the soul is the piano with many strings. The artist is the hand that plays, touching one key or another purposively, to cause vibrations in the soul.” |
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Orphism |
A movement within Cubism pioneered around 1912 by a group of French painters calling themselves Le Section d'Or, characterized by abstract designs and a more lyrical use of colour than is found in other cubist painters |
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Simultaneity |
The representation of successive phases of movement in a picture, as found in certain aspects of CUBISM and FUTURISM. A concept based on Michel-Eugène Chevreul’s law of the simultaneous contrast of colors that proposed collapsing spatial distance and temporal sequence into the simultaneous “here and now” to create a harmonic unity out of the disharmonious world. |
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Le Corbusier |
Purism was developed in Paris by Le Corbusier Domino Construction: System of building construction introduced by the architect Le Corbusier in which reinforced concrete floor slabs are floated on six free-standing posts placed as if at the positions of the six dots on a domino playing piece. |
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Purism |
An early 20th-cent. development of Cubism arising from a rejection of excessive ornateness and marked by a return to recognizable and basic geometric forms. |
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Futurism |
An art-movement, originating in Italy, characterized by violent departure from traditional forms, the avowed aim being to express movement and growth in objects, not their appearance at some particular moment. emphasis on portraying technology and a sense of speed. |
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Filippo Marinetti’s “Foundation and Manifesto of Futurism” |
front page of the Parisian newspaper Le Figaro. He attacked everything old, dull, and “feminine,” and proposed to shake Italy free of its past by embracing an exhilarating, “masculine,” “futuristic,” and even dangerous world based on the thrill, speed, energy, and power of modern urban life. |
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Suprematism |
flat, geometric shapes collaged together “the supremacy of pure feeling in creative art" Malevich |
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Dada |
Applied to an international movement in art and literature, characterized by a repudiation of traditional conventions and reason, and intended to outrage and scandalize. the urinal piece |
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Hugo Ball |
Founds club dada in berlin 1918 helped organize dada the magazine "karawane" disgusted by world war 1 p1037 |
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the Cabaret Voltaire |
where hugo ball premired "karawane" mocking poetry with noise and strange cardboard outfit. p1037 |
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Armory Show |
international exhibition of modern art in 1913 in new york. mostly received well. some artists caused public outrage. |
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Readymade |
what makes art. transforming manufactured objects into art |
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Modified Readymade |
changing premade objects 1919 |
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Photomontage |
cut and paste of photos into a new photo |
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Merzbilder |
(German for “refuse picture”). dada discarded debris (news paper, stamps, lables) to create poetry |
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Alfred Stieglitz |
pre ww1
Fountain
gallery organizer worked to establish photography as a fine art |
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291 Gallery |
gallery opened by alfred stieglits on 5th avenue |
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Adolf Loos |
european architect pioneer of modern architecture |
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ornament in crime |
1913 essay stucco reinforced concrete geometric shape ornament evolution of culture is removal of ornament from utilitarian objects |
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International Style |
plainly visible structure and rejection of historicism, dominated new urban construction in much of the world after World War II. van der rohe segram building |
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Domino Construction |
Le Corbusier System of building construction introduced by the architect Le Corbusier in which reinforced concrete floor slabs are floated on six free-standing posts placed as if at the positions of the six dots on a domino playing piece. |
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“The Five Points of a New Architecture” |
Le Corbusier published in 1926 proposed raising houses above the ground on pilotis (free-standing posts); using flat roofs as terraces; using movable partition walls slotted between supports on the interior and curtain walls (nonload-bearing walls) on the exterior to allow greater design flexibility; and using ribbon windows (windows that run the length of the wall). |
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Prairie School |
Frank Lloyd Wright the prairie school is the group of architects who mimic the sprawling prairies |
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Skyscraper |
vertical steel beams and glass p1049 first 1880-1900 |
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"Cathedral of Commerce" |
gilbert wool-worth building 1911-1913 dubbed so for its gothic style tallest building of it's time |
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Constructivism |
An artistic movement, originating in Moscow in 1920, concerned mainly with expression by means of constructions 1919 and was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. The movement was in favour of art as a practice for social purposes. |
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installation art |
artworks created for a specific site |
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Social Realism |
The realistic depiction of contemporary (esp. working-class) life as a means of social or political comment; spec. (the name of) a U.S. artistic movement of the 1930s that favored this approach. |
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Hooverville |
A temporary shanty town. |
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Great Depression |
the major worldwide economic depression that began in 1929 |
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Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal |
The programme of social and economic reform planned by the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1932 onwards to counteract the effects of the Great Depression, involving a massive programme of public works and the large-scale granting of loans |
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De Stijl |
"the style" loosly associated group and their journal. Their common aim was to find laws of equilibrium and harmony that would be applicable to life and society as well as art, and the style that is associated with them is one of austere abstract clarity. The greatest impact of De Stijl was not on painting but on architecture and the applied arts (including furniture design and TYPOGRAPHY) influential on the founders of the bauhaus |
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bauhaus |
"house of building" walter gropious found the strict geometric shapes and lines of Purism and De Stijl too rigid and argued that a true German architecture and design should emerge organically. |
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Bauhütten |
medieval building guilds masons’ lodges |
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Walter Gropius’s “Bauhaus Manifesto” |
1919 declared that “the ultimate goal of all artistic activity is the building,” the Bauhaus offered no formal training in architecture until 1927. |
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Suppression of the Avant-Garde in Nazi Germany |
Term derived from the French military word meaning “before the group,” or “vanguard.” Avant-garde denotes those artists or concepts of a strikingly new, experimental, or radical nature for their time. rape of europa 1056 |
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Surrealism |
revolt against logic and reason offshoot of dada
A movement in art and literature seeking to express the subconscious mind by any of a number of different techniques, including the irrational juxtaposition of realistic images, the creation of mysterious symbols, and automatism |
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Automatism |
releasing the subconscious to create the work of art without rational intervention in order to produce surprising new juxtapositions of imagery and forms. Max Ernst |
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Frottage |
Max Ernst (1891–1976), a self-taught German artist who collaborated in Cologne Dada and later joined Breton’s circle in Paris, developed the automatist technique of frottage in 1925. rubbed a pencil or crayon over a piece of paper placed on a textured surface and allowed the resulting image to stimulate his imagination. |
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Grattage |
painting version of frottage scraped layers of paint over a canvas laid on a textured surface, and then “revealed” the imagery he saw in the paint with additional painting.Stokstad, Marilyn; Cothren, Michael (2013-01-06). Art History, 5/e (Page 1057). Pearson. Kindle Edition. |
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Biomorphic |
shape suggesting living things. Denoting the biologically or organically inspired shapes and forms that were routinely included in abstracted Modern art in the early twentieth century. |
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Biomorphic Abstraction |
The word "Biomorphic" is a term commonly referred as organic, abstract shapes derived from biology or living organisms. The word, "bio", means life; and "morphic", meaning transformation. In an art sense, it is a focus on the power of natural life and use of organic shapes & line work. reference p1059 |
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Unit One |
1933 English artists Barbara Hepworth (1903–1975), Henry Moore (1898–1986), and Paul Nash (1889–1946), along with the poet and critic Herbert Read (1893–1968) promoted the use of hand-crafted, Surrealist-influenced biomorphic forms in sculpture |
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Harlem Renaissance |
1930s african american immigration to the north. called for social and political activism among african americans p1060 |
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Guernica fig32-64 |
picasso's visual response to guernica being bombed by germany. no military purpose beyond terrorizing and training. |
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Works Progress Administration |
1930s. new deal. great depression. initiative to supply work for artists. lasted for 5 months. produced 15,000 works by 4,000 artists. |
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Mexican Mural Movement |
Frida. Diego Rivera. Mexican revolution 1910>political instability. artists received government commission to create naturalistic murals. |
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Art Informel |
"formless art" tachism: adopted by french artists using dabs and splotches of color promoted by Michel Tapié |
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Formalist |
concerning form over content An approach to the understanding, appreciation, and valuation of art based almost solely on considerations of form. The Formalist’s approach tends to regard an artwork as independent of its time and place of making. |
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Abstract Expressionism |
influenced by the teachings of Carl Jung who described a collective unconscious of universal archetypes shared by all humans. not a formally organized movement but rather a loosely affiliated group of artists who worked in the city and were bound by a common purpose: to express their profound social alienation after World War II and to make new art that was both moral and universal. |
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Four Abstract Expressionist Projects |
?? |
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Action Painting |
Using broad gestures to drip or pour paint onto a pictorial surface. Associated with mid-twentieth-century American Abstract Expressionists, such as Jackson Pollock. |
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Color Field Painting |
The Color Field painters moved in a different direction, painting large, flat areas of color to evoke more transcendent, contemplative moods in paint. |
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Combines |
Combination of painting and sculpture using nontraditional art materials. |
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Happenings |
An art form developed by Allan Kaprow in the 1960s, incorporating performance, theater, and visual images. A Happening was organized without a specific narrative or intent; with audience participation, the event proceeded according to chance and individual improvisation. |
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Performance Art |
A contemporary artwork based on a live, sometimes theatrical performance by the artist. |
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New Realism |
performance art Pierre Restany realism beyond painting |
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Pop Art |
warhol |
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Silkscreen |
warhol |
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Minimalism |
dominated in the 1960s The practice of using the minimum means necessary to achieve a desired result. |
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Conceptual Art |
Dada argues that the idea is the work of art, Conceptual artists argue that “idea” and “form” are separable in art. |
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Process Art |
early 1970s A style of art, esp. sculpture, which emphasizes or focuses on the process through which a work is created rather than its form |
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Feminism in modern art |
Advocacy of equality of the sexes and the establishment of the political, social, and economic rights of the female sex; the movement women’s liberation movement of the 1960s as a challenge to one of the major unspoken conventions of art history: that great art could only be made by men. |
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Gender in modern art |
****Modern art ends in 60s Postmodernism, feminism, and photography all forced viewers to confront difference; all challenged the authority of the canon; none particularly valued originality or individual artistic mastery. |
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Race in modern art |
addressing race in art |
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Ethnicity in modern art |
addressing ethnicity |
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Earthworks |
land as canvas |
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site specific |
earthworks tend to be site specific in that they are designed only for a specific location |
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Mid-Century Modern Architecture |
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Postmodern Architecture |
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pluralism |
A social structure or goal that allows members of diverse ethnic, racial, or other groups to exist peacefully within the society while continuing to practice the customs of their own divergent cultures. Also: an adjective describing the state of having a variety of valid contemporary styles available at the same time to artists. |
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tilted arch |
that wall sculpure in ny that everyone hated "why do i have to walk around this" |
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postcolonial art |
contemporary art 1990s addressing issues |
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Deconstructivist architecture |
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