Vet 208L Ekg And Ultrasound

Front 1

What does the P wave represent

Back 1

Atrial depolarization

Front 2

What does the duration of the P wave represent

Back 2

Atrial conduction or the time it take for the impulse to get the SA node to the AV node

Front 3

P-R interval represents

Back 3

The time it takes for the impulse to get from the SA node to the ventricles

Front 4

What does QRS represent

Back 4

Depolarization of the ventricles

Front 5

Where is the amplitude of QRS measured

Back 5

From the top of the baseline to the peak of the R wave

Front 6

Q is the first

Back 6

Negative deflection

Front 7

R is the first

Back 7

Positive deflection

Front 8

S is the first

Back 8

Negative deflection after R

Front 9

ST represents

Back 9

Early ventricular repolarization

Front 10

T wave represents

Back 10

Ventricular repolarization

Front 11

What frequencies are sound waves used at

Back 11

2-10 MHz

Front 12

What kind of crystals in transducer

Back 12

Piezoelectric crystals

Front 13

What is ferro ceramic transducer made of

Back 13

Lead zironate titanate crystals

Front 14

What do the lead crystals vibrate in response to

Back 14

The introduction of an electric field

Front 15

What speed does sound travel through tissue

Back 15

1540 m/sec

Front 16

Wavelength is inversely proportional to

Back 16

Frequency

Front 17

The higher the frequency

Back 17

The shorter the wavelength

Front 18

Better resolution

Back 18

Shorter wavelength

Front 19

Resolution is described as

Back 19

Axial and lateral

Front 20

Axial

Back 20

Ability to differentiate two points next to each other on the axis of the sound wave

Front 21

Lateral

Back 21

Ability to differentiate two points perpendicular to the sound waves

Front 22

The higher the frequency

Back 22

The more it is attenuated

Front 23

Attenuated

Back 23

Loss of intensity of sound wave as it travels through tissue

Front 24

What type of sound waves penetrate tissue better

Back 24

Lower frequency

Front 25

Acoustic impedance

Back 25

The ability of tissue to impede or resist the transmission of sound

Front 26

Acoustic shadowing occurs

Back 26

When reflection is nearly complete because of great differences in acoustic impedance between adjacent tissues

Front 27

Tissues are described in terms of

Back 27

Echogenicity

Front 28

Echogenic areas

Back 28

Those where most of the sound has been reflected back to the transducer

Front 29

Anechoic

Back 29

Most sound has been transmitted to deeper tissues and appear black on screen

Front 30

Hypoechoic

Back 30

Reflect sound and appear blacker

Front 31

What does the machine have

Back 31

A transducer

A screen

Control panel

Front 32

Which transducer is used for cats and dogs

Back 32

7.5 MHz

Front 33

Which transducer is used for large dogs

Back 33

3.0 MHz

Front 34

Which transducer is used for farm animal

Back 34

3.5 MHz or 5.0 MHz

Front 35

What is special about the 5.0 MHz

Back 35

Linear array scanner in shape of rectangle

Front 36

3 display modes for machine

Back 36

A

B

M

Front 37

A

Back 37

Amplitude

Front 38

Amplitude mode

Back 38

1st type used

Does not show motion or anatomy, used to measure porcine subq fat

Louder the echo the greater the peak

Front 39

B

Back 39

Brightness mode

Front 40

Brightness mode

Back 40

Exhibits echoes as dots

Brightness of dot corresponds to loudness or echo

Frozen image

Front 41

M

Back 41

Motion mode

Front 42

Motion mode

Back 42

Exhibits a continous display overtime

Most common for echocardiography

Front 43

TGC

Back 43

Time gain control

Front 44

Time Gain Control

Back 44

Adjusts amplification of echoes from different depths so that they have similar brightness on display

Front 45

Procedure

Back 45

Prepare patient

Place animal in proper position

Slowly scan area

Front 46

Prepare patient

Back 46

Clip fur

Clean skin with alcohol or soapy water to remove debris

Apply acoustic coupling gel

Front 47

Purpose of applying acoustic coupling gel

Back 47

To eliminate air to skin interface.

Front 48

What happens if you don't use coupling gel

Back 48

Acoustic shadowing and unable to view image

Front 49

Abdominal ultrasound position

Back 49

Dorsal recumbancy in padded trough with head toward machine

Front 50

Echocardiography positioning

Back 50

Animal placed in both lateral positions on heart table

Front 51

Heart table

Back 51

Plexiglass table with a hole cut out for transducer placement which allows heart to fall against thoracic wall

Front 52

Slowly scan the area

Back 52

Dominant hand to scan, other for controls

Top of image is transducer on ventral abdominal skin

Front 53

Cranial is where if doing sagittal section

Back 53

Cranial is to the left

Front 54

If doing transverse section

Back 54

Right side of animal is on left side

Front 55

Sick sinus syndrome

Back 55

Tachycardia brachycardia syndrome

Front 56

What does PVC stand for and what does it exhibit

Back 56

Premature ventricular contractions

Exhibit VPCs