Vertebrae

Front 1

Kyphosis

Back 1

anteriorly concave curve (like thorax and sacrum)

Front 2

Lordosis

Back 2

anteriorly convex curve (like neck and lumbar)

Front 3

Primary curvature

Back 3

kyphotic curvature (how we start out)

Front 4

Secondary curvature

Back 4

Lordotic curvature (when the cervical and lumbar spine develop later)

Front 5

Cervical lordosis

Back 5

develops when babies start holding their heads up (esp crawling)

Front 6

Lumbar lordosis

Back 6

Develops later when babies start to stand and walk

Front 7

Hyperkyphosis

Back 7

humped/hunched back

Front 8

Hyperlordosis

Back 8

sway-back or saddleback

Front 9

Scoliosis

Back 9

abnormal curvature of the spine in the coronal plane (or twisting of spine)

Front 10

End-plates

Back 10

made up of hyaline cartilage and are in the vertebrae.

They are remnants of the cartilaginous growth plates from the development and ossification of the vertebrae

Front 11

Annulus fibrosus

Back 11

Made of alternating belts of fibrocartilage; one of the main components of intervertebral discs

Front 12

Nucleus pulposus

Back 12

Remnant of embryonic notochord; one of main components of intervertebral discs

Front 13

Mammillary processes

Back 13

Part of lumbar vertebrae; located next to the superior articular facets, for the attachment of strong back muscles, particularly multifidus

Front 14

Dens or odontoid process

Back 14

found in 2nd cervical vertebra(axis); it is a peg of bone on superior surface of vertebral body (this is the body of the atlas that was fused to the axis instead). It fits into the circular socket formed by the anterior arch of the atlas and the transverse ligament of the atlas

Front 15

Atlas anatomy

Back 15

Front 16

Bifid (split) processes

Back 16

found in cervical vertebrae; provides extra attachment area for the long back muscles that insert on the cervical vertebrae

Front 17

Unicate processes

Back 17

articulate with preceding vertebra at uncovertebral joints

Front 18

Foramen transversarium

Back 18

A perforation in the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae

Front 19

Intervertebral foramen

Back 19

made up of the inferior vertebral notch of the above vertebra and the superior vertebral notch of the below vertebra

Front 20

zygapophyseal joints

Back 20

aka facet joints or synovial joints

Front 21

Parts of vertebra (in general)

Back 21

Front 22

Axial skeleton

Back 22

skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, ribs and sternum

Front 23

Appendicular skeleton

Back 23

bones of the limbs and limb girdles

Front 24

vertebral column has about _____ vertebrae

Back 24

33

Front 25

Ligamentum nuchae or nuchal ligament

Back 25

vertical web of tissue that connects the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae to the back of the skull;

it is more elastin and holds our heads up; functions as energy-return system

flexing neck = stretching nuchal ligament

Front 26

Posterior and anterior longitudinal ligament

Back 26

Front 27

Ligament flavum

Back 27

only exists between adjacent vertebrae

Front 28

Interspinous ligament

Back 28

vertical web of connective tissue - along spinous processes

Front 29

supraspinous ligament

Back 29

runs along tops of spinous processes for the length of the vertebral column