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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most important for stroke prevention
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HTN reduction
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Cardiac abnormality associated with myotonic dystrophy
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conduction system - sycope/death
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Signs of secondary TB to the kidney
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First Hematuria
Neg cx with leukocytosis (urine) - ie steril pyuria cavitary lesions demonstrated by IVP hematogenous spread |
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When is sug management of a subdural hematomoa no indicated
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No evacuation if
No midline shift No anisocoria (inequality of pupils) |
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UG complication of electrical burns
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myoglobinuria
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Major risk factor of transitional bladder CA
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Cigarettes...not aniline dyes.
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Lichen planus
4 p's |
Polygonal
Purple Puritic Papules assoicated with hep B tx topical steroids + antihistamine |
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Acromegaly - Associated conditions
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colonic polyps/colon CA
CAD, cardiomyopathy DM Sleep apnea |
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Kallman's syndrome
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hypogonadism, hypogonadogotropism (decreased FSH and LH due to decreased GnRH producation)
Primary ammenorrhea, no secondary sexual characteristics |
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Metabolic SE of metformin
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metabolic lactic acidosis
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Test to measure GH deficiency
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IGF-1
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heart problem caused by carcinoid syndrome
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R sided heart failure - tricuspid regurgitation
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PTLD
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Post transplant lymphoproliferative disease
Chronic immunossuppressed state leads to lympoproliferative malignancy Associated with EBV |
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epidermal cluster of atypical lymphocytes
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Mycosis fungoides
NOT a fungus .... subtype of cutaneous T-lymphocyte lymphoma. "leoline faces" tx topical nitrogen mustard |
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Microb consideration for bone transplant
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increased risk of fungal infections...candida and aspergillus...esp with graft vs host disease
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eye problem with high dose steroids
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cataracts
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low grade malignant lymphoma that causes hyperviscosity
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Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
Increased IgM spike on plasma electrophoresis hypervisocosity leads to raunauds and visual disterbances. tx: chem + plasmaphoresis to tx hypervisocsity |
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liver complication of hemacromatosis
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cirrhosis that increases the risk of heptocellular carcinoma by 200 fold
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dx of budd chiari
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hepatic venography - gold standard
Also US showing collateral vessels in a spider web and decreased venus flow tx thromboyisis + anticoagulation, and TIPS procedure sx: hepatomegaly, ascites, RUQ pain, jaundice, |
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4-10 y/o male with avascular necorsis, who is obsease
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Legg-Calve-Prethe disease
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recurrent oral and genital ulcerations, with arthritis, eye, and CNS problems
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Bechets syndroms
Autoimune dx- bioopsy tx: steroids |
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reiter's syndrome is part of what class of disease
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Reactive arthritis
RA is asymetric inflammatory oligoarthritis that is preceded by an infectious process that is remote form the site of arthritis (1-4 weeks). HLA B27 positive salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, chlamydia, and yersinia |
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70 y/o with hip and shoulder pain for 1-2 weeks, pain on movement, normal strength, profound morning stiffness, with consitiutional symptoms.
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Polymyalgia Rheumatica
dx clinical + elevated ESR tx corticosteroids |
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HHV6 with rash
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Roseola - High fever, then maculopapular rash (truck spreads to face and extermities)
May cause febrile seizure |
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mimic of karposi sarcoma caused by bartonella henselae
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Bacillary angimatosis
warthin silver stain tx erythro or doxy |
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mucormycosis tx
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debridment and anifugals
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retropharngeal abcess tx
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clyinda and ceftrioxone
+/- surgical I and D |
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cancer risk increased by PCOS
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breast and endometrial
PCOS causes unapposed estrogen increases |
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how does mifipristone work
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its an antiprogesterone- a progesterone antagonist
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splenic sequestration crisis
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in sicle cell
sudden pooling of blood into the spleen causing splenomengaly and shock potentially fatal |
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hemagioblastomas of the retina/CNS with cysts of the liver, kidney, and pancreas
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Von Hippel-Lindau
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TTP pentad
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1 thrombocytopenia
2 microagniopathic hymolytic anemia 3 mental status changes 4 renal failure 5 fever |
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folicular lympoma can progress to what other type of lymphoma
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large cell in 30-50%
paiative chemo on progression. folicular lyphoma is t(14;18) |
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SLE in pregnancy can cause what problem in the newborn
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increase risk of complete heart blcok
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Causes of asymetrical IUGR
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uroplacental insufficiency, HTN, smoking, and poor nutirition
symmetrical: utero infections, multiple gestations, and maternal disease |
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elevated bHCG can cause what other endocrine abnormality
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Hyperthyrodism - bHCG acts like a TSH receptor agonist.
concern with mole and choriocarcinoma |
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Cushing's Triad
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HTN
Bradycardia Irregular respirations |
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Do not give this in thiamine def
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glucose
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CO poisoning cause what metabolic abnormality
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anion gap metabolic lactic acidosis
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3 per second spike and wave discharge
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Absence seizure
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Drusen
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accumulations in the eye that is a sign of age-related macular degeneration, which is the MCC of vision loss in pt >65y/o
tx: laser photopherapy |
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amphoteracin side effects
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shake and bake .... chills and fever
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renal problem caused from sulf antibiotic rxn
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AIN
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GI problem assoicated with cryptorchidism
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ipsilateral inguinal hernia
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MMC of nephrotic syndrome in adults
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DM
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Renal problem assoicated with heroin
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focal segmental glomerulonephritis
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Ca restriction in renal stones
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BAD IDEA!!! - contraindicated
decreased Ca caused increased oxalate re-absorption leading to Ca/oxalate formation. |
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cystinuria tx
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1st hydration
Also alkaynization of the urine with KHCO3, but this may cause CaPO4 to form |
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Large Cell lung CA paraneoplastic
Squamous Cell lung CA paraneoplastic |
Increased bHCG - gynecomastia and milky nipple discharge - poor prognosis
Increased PTH |
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mimic of sarcoid
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berylliosis (beryllium) - from areospace, nuclear, ceramic, dental, and dyes.
type of interstilial lung dz |
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What dose a low PaO2:FiO2 ratio indicate
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<300 - acute lung injury
<200 - ARDS |
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Tx for tourette's other than haloperidol
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Pimozide
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incompetent valve leading to dilation of the palpimaforme plexus
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Varacocele
MC is L side because the drainage into L renal vein |
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normal Ca, normal phos, increased alkaline phops
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Paget's Disease
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MgSO4 can be used for what cardiac problem
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torsades
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foamy marrophages
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Fat necrosis of the breast
think trauma or sug sx - fixed mass with skin/niple retraction mimic of breast CA look for fay globules and foamy macrophages (histocytes) |
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How to know if acities is a transudate
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SAAG - serum asities albumin gradient (gap)
serum albumin-asites albumin >1.1g/dl it is trasudate |
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HSP - what is the renal problem
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IgA...ect/
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Rash often confused with eczema
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Erythema toxicum
seen in newborns red papules with vesicles and surrounding erythema. bx will show eosinophils tx observation, resolves by 7-14 days |
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What test does a young person with seborrheic dermatitis need?
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HIV
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How to distinguish HSV and Dermatitis Herpetiformis
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Dermatitis herpetiformis:
pruitic papules and vesicles on the elbow, knees, and buttock, neck, and scalp Grandular IgA is seen on dermal papillae Associated with Celiac disease. Tx - dapsone and gluten free diet |
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What test does a young perons with moluscom need?
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HIV
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Sug treatment needed for pt with salmonella typhi
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Cholecystectomy for chronic carrier state
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name for Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
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Mycosis Fungoides
try to remember sezarys syndrome - the leukemic phase with sezary cells in the peripheral blood, erythema, and lymphadenopathy. |
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preference for ice cold berverages
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DI
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1st step in management of adreanl insufficiency
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Do no delay in giving steroids when diagnosis a pt with AI
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How to control for confounding factors
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Randomization
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Esophageal web are associated with...
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iron deficiency anemia and glossitis - plummer-vinson syndrome
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Why is the prognosis of esophageal cancer poor
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early metastatzes because the esophagus lacks a serosa.
tx - chemo and resection + palliative esophageal stent |
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Type A gastritis
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Think antibodies to parietal cells
Causes pernicous anemia and is associated other auto immune (ie thyrodiditis) Assoicated with pernicious anemia due to the lack of intrensic factor necessary for the absorption of vit B12 |
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Associated with Virchow's node
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Gastric Cancer
It is a left supraclavicular lymph node |
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PUD prophylasixis for pt who require chronic NSAID therapy
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Misoprostol
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Organisms that cause bloody diarrhea
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Salmonella, shigella, E coli, and Campylobacter
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Leading cause of SBO in children
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hernias
in adults its adhesions |
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GI complication of AAA repair
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Ischemic colitis due to sarifice of the inferior mesenteric artery
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UC is associated with what other GI problem
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Primary scleroising cholangitis
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Site of wilson's dz in the brain
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Basal ganglia
tx - dietary restriction and - pencilillamine +/- oral zinc |
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telltale sign of porphyria
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pink urine
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HIV med to avoid in pregnancy
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efavirenz
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live vacination not given to HIV
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polio - also not to close contacts
CAN GIVE MMR |
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Jarish-Herxheimer rxn
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flulike illness that can result from the treatment of syphilis
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Treatment for fever of unknown origin with no other symptoms
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NONE
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Rash of RMSF
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wrists and ankles and spreads centrally
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neuro problem associated with supracondylar fractures
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volkmann's contracture of the wirst and fingers caused by compartment syndrome
***brachial artery compression |
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Ab associated with tendon rupture and tendinitis
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floroquinolones
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RA + splenomegaly + neutropenia
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Felty's syndrome
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Peds pt who cant walk and has limited abduction and internal rotation.
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Legg-Ccalve-Perthes Dz
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cranial nerver abnormaility with berry aneurysms
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CNIII
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Mimic of myastenia gravis
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Lamber-Eaton syndrome
Small cell lung CA - antiboidies directed towards presynaptic calcium channels DX - repetitive nerve stimulation reveals a incremental response ....opposite of that expected in myastenia gravis |
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SE pramipexole
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gambling...used for parkinsons
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Hyperemesis Gravidarum
1st step in dx 1st step in tx |
dx: r/o molar pregnancy ...US +/- bHCG
tx:B6, then try Doxylamine |
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breast CA stages
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1 <2cm
2 2-5 cm 3 Axillary node involvement 4 Distant metastasis |
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failure of the omphalomesenteric or vitelline duct to obliterate
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Meckel's diverticulum
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pneumatosis interstinalis on plain film is dx of what
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pathognomonic for nectrotizing enterocolitis in neonate
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treatment contraindicated in IgA defficiency
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NO immunoglobulins....can lead to production of anti-IgA antibodies
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nitroblue tetazolium test
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Chronic Granulomatous Disease
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True or False: Simple febrile seizures are associated with an increased risk of epilepsy
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False --- only complex seizures...long duration >15min, focal, multiple seizures in 24 hours.
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ddx of leukocoria
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RB, congenital cataracts, and retinopathy of prematurity
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Evolution of EPS
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4s and As
4 hours - acute dystonia 4 days - akinesia 4 weeks - akathisia 4 months - tardive dyskinesia |
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electrolyte that sensitizes the heart to digitalis toxicity
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K
compete for the same site on the Na/K pump if pt is on dig...K levels need to be carefully monitored |
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Drug contraindication to sildenafil
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Nitrates - combined effect of decreased BP can lead to myocardial ischemia
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Digital rectal exam and prostate screening
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Annual after age 50
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Pulses and levels
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carotid 60
femoral 70 radial 80 |
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fractures associated with aortic disruption
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1st and 2nd ribs
Scapular Sternum None of the above are easy to break and indicate a massive force |
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parkland formula
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4 X pt body weight X %body surface area
is the amount of fluid needed in 24 hours for burn pts....give 1/2 in first 8 hours |
