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357 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CN X innervates what muscles
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All muscles with the work "palat" except tensor veli palitini (CN V3)
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Lip testing
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CN VII, mi-mi-mi
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6th aortic arch becomes
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Proximal part of pulmonary arteries
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CN XII function
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tongue movements
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Location for lumbar puncture
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iliac crest (between L3 - L5)
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Fetal milestone within week 10
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Genitalia have male/female characteristics
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Bell's palsy
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Peripheral ipsilateral facial paralysis
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Part of cochlea that picks up low-frequency sounds
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the apex
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Function of supraoptic nucleus
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Thist and water balance
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Location of Brunner's glands
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submucosa of duodenum
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Drug used to keep PDA open
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Prostaglandin
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ACE inhibitor teratogenicity
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Renal damage
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Signs of CN XII lesion
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Tongue deviates toward side of lesion
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Anterior cruciate ligaments attaches where
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Anterior tibial attachment
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What has a fenestrated barrel hoop basement membrane
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the sinusoids of the spleen
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Nerves passing through internal auditory meatus
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VII, VIII
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Foramen ovale becomes
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Fossa ovalis
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Brunner's glands function
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secrete alkaline mucus
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Branchial pouch 3 develops into
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inferior parathyroids (dorsal wings) and thymus (vental wings) (3rd pouch = 3 items (thymus + 2 parathyroids)
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Direct hernia location
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Hesselbach's triangle (medial to inferior epigastric artery)
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Esophagus and vagus cross diaphgram at what level
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T10
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Brachial plexus injury leading to decreased thumb function (Pope's blessing)
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Median nerve of lateral/medial cords
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Neuroectoderm becomes
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neurohypophysis, CNS neuron, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, pineal gland
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Fetal milestone within week 2
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Bilaminar disk, 2 cavities (yolk & amniotic), 2 components to placenta (cytotrophoblast/synctiotrophoblast) (Rule of 2's)
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Zona adherens components
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E-cadherin and actin filaments
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Limbic system functions
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Feeding, Fighting, Feeling, Flight, Fornication (5 F's)
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Femoral triangle contents
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femoral vein, artery, and nerve
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In the womb monozygotic twins have
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2 amniotic sacs and either 1 or 2 chorions and placentas
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1st aortic arch becomes
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Maxillary artery (1st is MAX)
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Thenar muscles function
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Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis, Flexor pollicis (OAF)
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Branchial arch 1 derivatives
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Mandible, Malleus, incus, sphenoMandibular ligament, Muscle of Mastication, Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini
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Lesion of optic tract causes
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contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
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low neck dermatome
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C4
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Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children
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neuroblastoma
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Oligohydraminos cause
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bilateral renal agenesis (Potter's)
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Chorea
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Sudden jerky, purposeless movements
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Surface ectoderm becomes
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adenohypophysis, lens of eye, epithelial linings, epidermis
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Function of ventral posterior nucelus, lateral part (VPL)
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body senses (proprioception, pressure, pain, touch, vibration)
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Male homologue of glans clitoris
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glans penis
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Endolymph made by
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stria vascularis
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Ulnar nerve deficit sensory findings
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Medial palm and ulnar 1.5 fingers
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Polyhydraminos cause
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esophageal/duodenal atreasia
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3rd aortic arch comes
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Common Carotid (C=3rd letter of alphabet)
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skull cap dermatome
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C2
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Ulnar nerve deficit motor findings
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Wrist flexion and adduction, impaired adduction of thumb and ulnar 2 fingers, intrinsic hand muscles (claw hand)
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Abnormal opening of penis on dorsal side
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epispadias
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Hippocampus projects to
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Subiculum (projecting to mamillary nuclei), Septal area
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Hindgut
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distal 1/3 of transverse colon to upper portion of rectum
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Umbilical artery contents
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de-oxygenated blood from iliac vessels
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Umbilical cord contents
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2 umbilical arteries, 1 umbilical vein, allantoic duct, Wharton's jelly
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Passage for CN I
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cribiform plate
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Nucleus solitarius receives what
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visceral sensory information (e.g., taste, gut distention, etc.) (CN X)
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Ulnar nerve injury location
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Medial epicondyle
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CN III function
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occulomotor, pupil constriction, accommodation, eyelid opening
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Branchial arch 3 nerve
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IX (innervates 1 muscle and nothing else --> stylopharyngeus)
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Peripheral nerve layers
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Epineurium, perineurium, Endoneurium
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CN VII function
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facial movement, anterio 2/3 taste, lacrimation, salivation (submaxiallry and submandibular glands)
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EPO secreting cells of kidney
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juxtoglomerular cells
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Left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to
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coronary sinus
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5th aortic arch becomes
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Nothing
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stroke of anterior circle of Willis signs
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general sensory and motor dysfunction, aphasia
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Allontois becomes
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Urachus or median umbilical ligament (not medial)
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Cleft palate mechanism
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Failure or fusion of lateral palatine, nasal septum, and/or palatine process
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Function of anterior hypothalamus
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Regulates cooling (Anterior Cooling = A/C)
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Branchial cleft 1 derivative
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external auditory meatus
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Male homologue of vestibular bulbs
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corpus spongiosum
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Spermatid acrosome derived from
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Golgi apparatus
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Hindgut blood supply
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inferior mesenteric
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what channel has round pores (100-200 nm in diameter) with no basement membrane
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the sinusoids of the liver
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Macula adherens components
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keratin and desmoplakin
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Location for pudendal nerve block
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ischial spine
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Notochord function
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Induces ectoderm to for neuroectoderm
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Function of ventral posterior nucleus, medial part (VPM)
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facial sensation including pain
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Midgut blood supply
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superior mesenteric
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Sperm development
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spermatogonium (diploid 2N), primary spermatocyte (diploid 4N), secondary speramatocyte (haploid 2N), spermatid (haploid N)
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Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults
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Pheochromocytoma
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Broad ligament of uterus contents
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round ligaments of the uterus and ovaries and the uterine tubules and vesels
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Abberant development of 3rd and 4th branchal pouches leads to
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DiGeorge syndrome --> T cell deficiency
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Hypoglossus innervates what
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All muscles with the word "glossus" in them, except for palatoglossus (X)
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Macula adherens
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desmosome made up of keratin and desmoplakin
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Spermatid flagellum derived from
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Centriole
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Branchial arch 2 nerve
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VII
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Function of ventral anterior/lateral (VA/VL) nuclei
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motor
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Hemiballismus
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Sudden wild flailing of one arm
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Consequence of lesion in arcuate fasiculus
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Conduction aphasia; poor repitition with good comprehension; fluent speech
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secretory product of Zona glomerulosa
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aldosterone
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Regulatory control of zona glomerulosa
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Renin-angiotensin
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Branchial clefts derived from
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Ectoderm (CAP = from outside to inside Ecto/Meso/Endo=Clefts/Arches/Pouches
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CN I function
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smell
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stroke of posterior circle of Willis signs
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cranial nerve deficits (vertigo, visual deficits), coma, cerebellar deficits (ataxia)
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Brachial plexus injury leading to deltoid paralysis
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Axillary nerve of posterior cord
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Gamma loop
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CNS stimulates gamma-motor neuron --> contracts intrafusal fiber --> increased sensitivity of reflex arc
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Paramesonephric duct develops into
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Fallopian tube, uterus, part of vagina
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Found within the red pulp of spleen
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T cells
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Branchial arch 6 derivatives
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all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except one: cricothyroid
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Ligaments of the uterus
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Suspensory ligament, Transverse cervical, Round ligament, Broad ligament
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Ductus arteriousus becomes
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ligamentum arteriosum
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Function of oligodendroglia
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central myelin production
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Path for pupillary light reflex (light in right eye)
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CN II --> right lateral geniculate -> right pretectal nucleus --> bilateral Edinger-Westphal nuclei --> CN III --> ciliary ganglion --> pupil contraction
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Neural crest cells become
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ANS, dorsal root ganglia, melanocytes, chromaffin cells, pia mater, celiac ganglion, Schwann cells, ondontoblasts, parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid, laryngeal cartilage
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Hemidesmosome
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connects cells to underlying extracellular matrix
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Branchial arch 2 derivatives
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Stapes, Styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, Stylohyoid, muscles of facial expression, Stapedius, Stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric
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Palate elevation testing
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CN X, kuh-kuh-kuh
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Consequence of lesion in subthalamic nucleus
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Hemiballismus
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One consequence of enlarged left atrium
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dysphagia
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Athetosis
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Slow writhing movements of fingers
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CN V function
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mastication, facial sensation, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani
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nipple dermatome
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T4
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Brachial plexus injury leading to claw hand
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Lower Trunk (C8/T1)
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Consequence of lesion in basal ganglia
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tremor at rest (athetosis)
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Spermatid neck contains
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Mitochondria
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Retroperitoneal structures
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Duodenum (2nd-4th parts), Ascending & Descending colon, Kidney/ureters, Pancreas (except tail), Aorta, IVC, Adrenal glands, Rectum
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Lesion in Wednig-Hoffman disease
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LMN --> flaccid paralysis
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umbilicus dermatome
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T10
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Muscle that opens mouth
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Lateral pterygoid (Lateral Lowers the jaw)
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Fasciculus gracilis location
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Medial dorsal column
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Dorsal motor nucleus sends what
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Autonomic (parasympathetic) fibers of X to heart, lungs, and upper GI
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Cells that activate B cells in Peyer's patches
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M cells
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4th Branchial arch nerve
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X (like 6; 6+4 = X)
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Branchial arches dervied from
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Mesoderm (CAP = from outside to inside Ecto/Meso/Endo=Clefts/Arches/Pouches
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Fasciculus cuneatus
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Vibration/join position of arms
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Right lymphatic duct drains what
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right arm and right half of head
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Radial nerve deficit motor findings
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lack of triceps & brachioradialis reflex, loss of extensor carpi radialis longus (wrist drop)
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Lesion in poliomyelitis
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LMN --> flaccid paralysis
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Lumbar puncture layers
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Skin, Fascia, Ligaments (supraspinous, interspinous, flavum), Epidural space, Dura mater, Subdural space, Arachnoid, Subarachnoid space (CSF)
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I-cell disease
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Failure of addition of mannose-6-phosphate --> lysosome proteins secreted outside of cell instead of into lysosome
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Contralateral weakness of lower face only
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UMN lesion
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Function of Schwann cells
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peripheral myelin production
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Hypothenar muscle functions
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Op[onens digiti minimi, Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi (OAF)
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Uncal herniation signs
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Ipsilateral mydriasis (stretching of CN III), contralateral homonymous hemianopsia (compression of ipsilateral posteroir cerebral arery), Ipsilateral paresis (compression of contralateral crus cerebri, duret hemorrhages (caudal displacement of brain stem)
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secretory product of adrenal medulla
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Catecholines (80% epi, 20% norepi)
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Muscles of mastication
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Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
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Consequence of lesion in cerebellar vermis
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Truncal ataxia, dysarthria
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venous drainage below pectinate line
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inferior rectal vein --> internal pudendal vein --> internal iliac vein --> IVC
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Incus and malleus derived from
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1 branchial arch
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Consequence of lesion in mamillary bodies
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Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy (confabulations, anterograde amnesia)
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DES teratogenicity
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Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma as an adult
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Functions of Golgi apparatus
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distributes proteins/lipids, modifies N-oligosaccharide on aspagine, adds O-oligosaccharides to serine and threonine, proteoglycan assembly, sulfation of sugars, addition of mannose-6-phosphate to lysosomal proteins
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Passage for CN V2
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foramen rotundum
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beta cells of pancreatic islet produce
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insulin
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Fetal susceptibility to teratogens
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3rd-8th weeks
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alpha cells of pancreatic islet produce
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glucagon
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Location of Peyer's patches
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lamina propria and submucosa of small intestine
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum function
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site of synthesis of secretory proteins and N-linked oligosaccharide addition to many proteins
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Indirect hernia location
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Lateral to inferior epigastric artery
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CN II function
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sight
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Right ovary/testicle venous drainage
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right gonadal vein --> IVC
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Fetal milestone within week 4
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Heart begins to beat
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Endoderm becomes
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Gut tube epithelium, lungs, liver, pancreas, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid
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Consequence of lesion in frontal lobe
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Release signs (personality changes, deficits in concentration, orientation, judgement)
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Male homologue of labia majora
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scrotum
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Consequence of lesion in broca's area
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Expressive aphasia (BROken speech) with good comprehension
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Unhappy triad of the knee
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torn MCL, medial meniscus, and ACL
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Nucleus ambiguous function
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CN IX, X, XI (Motor only)
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Branchial pouch 4 develops into
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superior parathyroids
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4th aortic arch becomes
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Aortic arch on left; Subclavian artery on right
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difference between primary and secondary lymph node follicles
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primary are dense and dormant; secondary are pale and active
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Median nerve injury location
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Supracondyle of humerus
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Zona occludens
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tight junctions
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Nucleus ambiguous sends what
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Motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus (CN X)
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Golgi tendon organ function
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Ib fiber senses tension and provides inhibitory feedback to alpha-motor neuron
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Loss of knee jerk
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Femoral (L2-L4)
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Kartagener's syndrome defect
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Dynein arm defect --> immotile cilia
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Cocaine teratogenicity
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Abnormal development and addiction
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Dorsal pancreatic bud becomes
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Pancreatic body and tail
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Lesion in ALS
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combined UMN and LMN with no sensory deficit
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Femoral triangle borders
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Medial edge of Sartorius, Inferior edge of inguinal ligament, Lateral border of adductor longus
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delta cells of pancreatic islet produce
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somatostatin
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Most common location of coronary artery occlusion
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LAD
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CN IX function
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Posterior 1/3 taste, swallowing (stylopharyngeus), salivation (parotid), monitoring carotid body/sinus
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Sperm food supply
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Fructose
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Vision defect with left parietal lesion
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right lower quandrantic anopsia
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Passage for CN V3
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foramen ovale
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Most common location of circle of Willis aneurysm
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Anterior comminicating artery
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Direct hernia usual age
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Older men
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Nerves passing through jugular foramen
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IX, X, XI
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Drug used to close a patent PDA
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Indomethacin
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Zona adherens
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intermediate junction
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Nerves passing through foramen magnun
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CN XI
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Median nerve deficit sensory findings
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Loss over lateral palm, thumb, and radial 2.5 fingers
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GI blood supply
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Foregut (stomach--duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas)-Celiac; Midgut (duodenum to transverse colon)-SMA; Hindgut (tranverse colon to upper colon)-IMA
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2nd aortic arch becomes
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Stapedial artery and proximal part of carotid artery (Second=Stapedial)
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inguinal ligament dermatome
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L1
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Suspensory ligament of uterus contents
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ovarian vessels
|
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Fasciculus gracilis
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Vibration/joint position of legs
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Branchial arch 1 nerve
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V3
|
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Tongue taste innervation
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CN VII, IX, X (solitary nucleus)
|
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Function of lateral hypothalamic nucleus
|
Hunger
|
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Digestive tract layers
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Epithelium, Lamina propria, Muscularis mucosa, Submucosa (Meissner/Submucosal plexus), Muscularis propria (inner circular muscle, Auerbach'/Myenteric plexus, outer longitudinal muscle)
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Branchial arch 6 nerve
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X (like 4, 6+4 = X)
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Type III collagen
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reticulin - skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue
|
|
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Reflex arc
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muscle stretch --> intrafusal stretch --> Ia afferent stimulation --> alpha-motor neuron stimulation --> reflexal extrafusal contraction
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Left recurrent laryngeal wraps where
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arch of the aorta
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Most common locatio nfor vertebral disk herniation
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between L5 and S1
|
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Brachial plexus injury leading to Saturday night palsy
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Radial nerve of posterior cord
|
|
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Potter's syndrome
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Bilateral renal agenesis
|
|
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Midgut
|
duodenum to poximal 2/3 of transverse colon
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|
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Innervation above pectinate line
|
visceral
|
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Middle cerebral artery supplies
|
lateral aspect of brain, Broca's and Wernicke's speech areas
|
|
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Brachial plexus injury leading to difficulty flexing elbow
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Musculocutaneous nerve of lateral cord
|
|
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Consequence of lesion in right parietal lobe
|
Spatial neglect
|
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Sign of unilateral lesion of cerebellum
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Patient falls toward the lesion
|
|
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CN VIII function
|
hearing and balance
|
|
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Function of microglia
|
phagocytosis
|
|
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Myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus function
|
coordinates motility via parasympathetic effector neurons between muscle layers
|
|
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Contents of cavernous sinus
|
Internal carotid artery, CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI, postganglionic sympathetic fibers en route to the orbit
|
|
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CN VI function
|
abducts eye with lateral rectus (abducens)
|
|
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Mesoderm becomes
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Dura mater, muscle, bone, cardiovascular/lymphatic system, blood, uorgenital, serous linings, spleen, adrenal cortex
|
|
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Muscles of larynx innervated by
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CN X
|
|
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Notochord becomes
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nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disk
|
|
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Lateral striate arteries supply
|
internal capsule, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus
|
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Brachial plexus injury leading to wrist drop
|
Posterior cord (C7)
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kneecap dermatome
|
L4
|
|
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Foregut blood supply
|
celiac
|
|
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Passage for CN II
|
optic canal
|
|
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Meckel's diverticilum from
|
persistance of vitelline duct or yolk stalk
|
|
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Function of hypothalamic setpate nucleus
|
Sexual urges (Septate=Sex)
|
|
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Indirect hernia usual age
|
INdirect = INfants
|
|
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Number of spinal nerves
|
31 pairs (8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal)
|
|
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Branchial arch 3 derivatives
|
Greater horn of hyoid, stylopharyngeus
|
|
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Nucleus solitarius
|
CN VII, IX, X (Sensory only)
|
|
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Lower border of spinal cord in adults
|
L1-L2
|
|
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Brachial plexus injury leading to claw hand
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Ulnar nerve of medial cord
|
|
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CN IV function
|
abducts, introverts, and depresses eye (superior oblique muscle)
|
|
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Contents of paracortex of lymph node
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T cells
|
|
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Fetal milestones within weeks 3-8
|
Neural tube, heart beats, oragnogenesis, susceptible to teratogens
|
|
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Nissl bodies location
|
rought ER of neurons; Not in axon or axon hillock
|
|
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Upper and lower lesion paralysis with weakness of upper and lower face
|
LMN lesion
|
|
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Egg development
|
Primary oocytes being meiosis I and arrested in prophase until ovulation; Meiosis II is arrested in Metaphase until fertilization
|
|
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Borders of hesselbach's triangle
|
Inferio epigastric artery, lateral border of rectus abdominis, inuinal ligament
|
|
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Brachial plexus injury leading to waiter's tip
|
Upper Trunk (C5/C6)
|
|
|
CN XI function
|
head turning, shoulder shrugging
|
|
|
Aorta, thoracic duct, and azygous cross diaphragm at what level
|
T12
|
|
|
Function of ventromedial nucleus
|
Satiety (without ventromedial nucleus you'll grow ventrally and medially --> you'll get fat)
|
|
|
Vision defect with right optic radiation lesion
|
left hemianopsia with macular sparing
|
|
|
Common location of lumbar puncture
|
Between L3-L4 or L4-L5
|
|
|
Branchial arch 4 derivatives
|
thytoid/cricoid/arytenoids/corniculate/cuneiform cartilages, most pharyngeal constrictor muscles, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini
|
|
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Spermatic cord layers
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External spermatic fascia, cremasteric muscle and fascia, internal spermatic fascia
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Male homologue of greater vestibular glands (of Bartholini)
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Bulbourethral glands (Cowper)
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secretory product of Zona reticularis
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sex hormones
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Function of lateral geniculate nucleus
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visual (Lateral to Look)
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Loss of dorsiflexion
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Common peroneal nerve (L4-S2)
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Thymus apperance
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Dense cortex (immature), Pale medulla (mature), Hassall's corpuscles
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Stapes derived from
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2nd branchial arch
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Diphragm derived from
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Septum transversum, Pleuroperitoneal folds, Body wall, Dorsal mesentery of esophagus (Several Parts Build Diaphragm)
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Nephrotic syndrome malfunction
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loss of basement membrane charge
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Male homologue of labia minora
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ventral shaft of penis
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Function of ependymal cells
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Inner lining of ventricles
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Structures perforating diaphragm and level
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T8-IVC, T10-Esophagus/VaGus, T12-Aorta/thoracic duct/azygous vein (I 8 10 EGgs AT 12)
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Consequence of lesion in Wernicke's area
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Sensory (fluent/receptive) aphasia (Wernickes=Wordy) with poor comprehension
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Sign of CN X lesion
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uvula deviates away from lesion
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Regulatory control of zona reticularis
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ACTH, CRH
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juxtaglomerular apparatus function
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secretes renin in response to decresased blood pressure, decreased Na+ delivery, or increased sympathetic tone
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Fetal erythropoiesis
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Yolk sac (week 3-8); Liver (week 6-30); Spleen (week 9-28); Bone marrow (week 28 onward) Young Liver Synthesizes Blood
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Umbilican vein becomes
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ligamentum teres hepatitis
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Common teratogens
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ACE inhibitors, cocaine, DES, Iodide, 12-cis-retinoic acid, thalidomide, warfarin, x-rays
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islest are concentrated in what part of pancreas
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tail
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Borders of hasselbach's triangle
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Inferior epigastric artery, Lateral border of rectus abdominis, Iguinal ligament
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What inhibits mullerian duct in males
|
Mullerian inhibiting substance secreted by testes
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Radial nerve injury location
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Shaft of humerus
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Submucosal (Meissner's) plexus function
|
regulates secretions, blood flow, and absorption via parasympathetic terminal effector neurons between mucosa and inner layer of smooth muscle
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Most abundant protein in the body
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Collagen
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Transverse cervical ligament of uterus contents
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uterine vessels
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Fasciculus cuneatus location
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Lateral dorsal column
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SA and AV nodes blood supply
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RCA
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Fetal milestone within week 1
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Implanatation (as a blastocyst)
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Vision defect with right temporal lesion
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left upper quandrantic anopsia
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In the womb dizygotic twins have
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2 amniotic sacs, 2 chorions, and 2 placentas
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Sign of CN XI lesion
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weakness in turning head contralaterally; ipsilateral shoulder drop
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Cleft lip mechanism
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Failure of maxiallary and medial nasal process fusion
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Bronchopulmonary segments contain what
|
tertiary bronchus and 2 arteries (bronchial and pulmonary)
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Ventral pancreatic bud becomes
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Pancreatic head
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Part of cochlea that picks up high-frequency sound
|
the base
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Truncus arteriosus gives rise to
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Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
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Lesion of right MLF causes
|
When looking to the left, right eye does not adduct (does not look left)
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Round ligament of uterus contents
|
nothing of importance
|
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Regulatory control of zona fasciculata
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ACTH, CRH
|
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum function
|
site of steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons
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Sign of posterior communicating artery aneurysm
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CN III palsy
|
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Hypothalamus functions
|
Thirst, Adenohypophysis control, Neurophypohysis hromones, Hunger, Autonomic regulation, Temperature, Sexual urges (TAN HATS)
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Right recurrent laryngeal wraps where
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right subclavian
|
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McBurney's point
|
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the ASIS (incision for appendix)
|
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Type IV collagen
|
basement membrane (FOUR is under the FLOOR)
|
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penile/anal dermatome
|
S2, S3, S4
|
|
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Hemidesmosome component
|
Integrin
|
|
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Type II collagen
|
carTWOlage, hyaline, vitrous body, nucleus pulposus
|
|
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Endolymph K+ content
|
High, like ICF
|
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Branchial pouch 1 develops into
|
middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells
|
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Meisnner's corpuscles function
|
light discriminatory touch of hairless skin (glabrous)
|
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Ureter and uterine artery anatomy
|
Ureters pass under the uterine artery and ductus deferens
|
|
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Endochondral bone formation
|
Ossifcation of cartilagenous molds (long bones)
|
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Branchial pouches derived from
|
Endoderm (CAP = from outside to inside Ecto/Meso/Endo=Clefts/Arches/Pouches
|
|
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Epidermis layers
|
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basalis (Californias Like Girls in String Bikinis)
|
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Function of posterior hypothalamus
|
Regulates heat conservatoin
|
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Intramembranous bone formation
|
Spontaneous without existing cartilage (flat bones)
|
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Blood supply above pectinate line
|
Superior rectal artery (from IMA)
|
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xiphoid process dermatome
|
T7
|
|
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Type I collagen
|
bONE, tendONe, skin, dentin, fascia, cornea, late wound repair
|
|
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Celiac trunk vessels
|
Left gastric, splenic, common hepatic
|
|
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Tongue pain innervation
|
V3, IX, X
|
|
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Anterior cerebral artery supplies
|
medial surface of brain (leg-foot area of motor and sensory cortices)
|
|
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Function of medial geniculate nucleus
|
auditory (Medial for Music)
|
|
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Foregut
|
stomach to duodenum; liver, gallbladder, pancreas, lower respiratory tract (everything but the spleen)
|
|
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location of bB-cell localization and proliferation
|
lymph node follicle
|
|
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Bulbus cordis gives rise to
|
smooth parts of the left and right ventricle
|
|
|
Male homologue of urethral and parurethral glands (of Skene)
|
Prostate gland
|
|
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Nerves passing through superior orbital fissure
|
III, IV, V1, VI
|
|
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Pacinian corpuscle function
|
pressure, coarse touch, vibration and tension
|
|
|
Loss of hip adduction
|
Obturator (L2-L4)
|
|
|
Relation of pulmonary artery to each lung bronchus
|
Right Anterior, Left Superior (RALS)
|
|
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Passage for CN XII
|
Hypoglossal canal
|
|
|
Consequence of lesion in cerebellar hemisphere
|
Intention tremor, limb ataxia
|
|
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Branchial arch 5 derivatives
|
nothing
|
|
|
Blood brain barrier constituents
|
Choroid plexus epithelium, Intracerebral capillary epithelium, Arachnoid (CIA)
|
|
|
Consequence of lesion in amygdala
|
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior)
|
|
|
Findings in Brown-Sequard
|
Ipsilateral motor paralysis (pyramidal tract), Ipsilateral losss of vibration/proprioception (dorsal column), Contralateral loss of pain/temperature (spinothalamic), ispsilateral loss of all sensation at level of lesion
|
|
|
Iodide teratogenicity
|
Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism
|
|
|
Central facial lesion
|
Paralysis of contralateral lower quadrants
|
|
|
Function of astrocytes
|
physical support, repair, K+ metabolism
|
|
|
Arrangement of cilia microstructure
|
9+2 arrangement of microtubules
|
|
|
Type X collagen
|
epiphyseal plate
|
|
|
Signs of UMN injury
|
minor atrophy, spastic paralysis (clonus), hyperactive DTRs, positive babinksi (UMN = everything is up)
|
|
|
Consequence of lesion in reticular activating system
|
Coma
|
|
|
Free floating nerve in cavernous sinus
|
CN VI
|
|
|
Median nerve deficit motor findings
|
No loss in arm muscles; Loss of forearm pronation, wrist/finger flexion, thumb movements (thenar atrophy)
|
|
|
Lesion of optic chiasm causes
|
bitemporal hemianopsia
|
|
|
high neck dermatome
|
C3
|
|
|
IVC crosses diaphragm at what level
|
T8
|
|
|
Innervation below pectinate line
|
somatic innervation
|
|
|
Function of suprachiasmatic nucleus
|
Circadian rhythms
|
|
|
Ductus venosus becomes
|
ligamentum venosum
|
|
|
Meckel diverticulum description
|
2 inches long, 2 feet from ileocecal valve, 2% of population, presents in first 2 years, may have 2 types of epithelia (gastric/pancreatic)
|
|
|
Immunoglobulin of B cells activated in Peyer's patches
|
IgA (secretory)
|
|
|
Loss of plantar flexion
|
Tbial (L4-S3) TIP=Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes; you can't walk on your TIPtoes
|
|
|
CN X function
|
taste (far posterior tongue), swallowing, palate elevation, talking, thoracoabdominal viscera autonomics
|
|
|
Mesonephric ducts develop into
|
Seminal vesicles, Epididymis, Ejactulatory duct, Ductus deferens (SEED)
|
|
|
Sign of CN V lesion
|
Jaw deviates toward side of lesion
|
|
|
Perilymph Na+ content
|
High, like ECF
|
|
|
Brachial plexus injury leading to winged scapula
|
Long thoracic (from roots C5,C6,C7)
|
|
|
Left ovary/testicle venous drainage
|
left gonadal vein --> left renal vein --> IVC
|
|
|
Axiallary nerve injury location
|
Surgical neck of humerus or anterior shoulder dislocation
|
|
|
Tongue motor innervation
|
CN XII
|
|
|
Rotator cuff muscles
|
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
|
|
|
secretory product of Zona fasciculata
|
cortisol, sex hormones
|
|
|
What allows cilia to bend
|
Dynein ATPase
|
|
|
Fetal milestones within week 3
|
Gastrulation (3 germ layers in 3rd week); Primitive steak, notochord, and neural plate
|
|
|
Abnormal opening of penis on ventral side
|
hypospadias
|
|
|
Branchial pouch 2 develops into
|
epithelial lining of palatine tonsil
|
|
|
venous drainage above pectinate line
|
superior rectal vein --> inferior mesenteric vein --> portal system
|
|
|
Loss of foot eversion
|
Peroneal
|
|
|
Umbilical arteries become
|
Medial umbilical ligaments
|
|
|
Lesion of optic nerve causes
|
unilateral blindness
|
|
|
Coronary arteries fill during which part of cardiac cycle
|
Diastole
|
|
|
Found within the periarterial lymphatic sheath and red pulp of the spleen
|
T cells
|
|
|
Tongue testing
|
CN XII, la-la-la
|
|
|
Structures inside carotid sheath
|
Internal jugular vein (lateral), Common carotid artery (medial), Vagus nerve (posterior) (VAN)
|
|
|
Signs of LMN injury
|
atrophy, flaccid paralysis, absent DTRs, fasiculations (LMN = everything is down)
|
