U.s. History Final 8Th Grade Review Packet Information

Front 1

First Continental Congress

Back 1

-Intolerable Acts need to be repealed
-Militias will begin to be trained
-Colonists had right to tax and govern themselves
-Demands not met = meet in one year

Front 2

Second Continental Congress

Back 2

-Formally formed the army
-George Washington is commander-in-chief
-Printed paper money

Front 3

Who was Frederick Douglas?

Back 3

A free African American living in the North, helped publish The Liberator to promote the Abolitionist Movement

Front 4

What things lead to the Civil War?

Back 4

-John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry (active and violent anti-slavery supporters from Connecticut lead a revolt in Harpers Ferry, Virginia and try to seize arms and is eventually caught and hung.)
-The Dred Scott Decision (a decision made my the Supreme Court that ruled African Americans are not citizens, regardless of where a slave lives, if he or she was born into slavery, then they are property of his or her master forever.)
-Uncle Tom's Cabin (a novel wrote by Harriet Beecher Stowe used to promote the cruelties of slavery and the abuse committed by slave masters in the South.)

Front 5

North advantages in the war

Back 5

Greater population

More factories

More railroad

More money

More troops

Front 6

South advantages in the war

Back 6

Better generals

Know their battlefields better

Front 7

Why would controlling the Mississippi River be beneficial?

Back 7

South: major port in New Orleans

North: split South in two so it could be used for transportation of resources and soldiers

Front 8

13th-15th Amendments

Back 8

13. No Slavery

14. African Americans have same rights as whites

15. African American males can vote now

Front 9

Bill of Rights: 1st-10th Amendments

Back 9

1. Freedoms, Petitions, Assembly
2. Right to bear arms
3. Quartering of soldiers
4. Search and arrest
5. Rights in criminal cases
6. Right to a fair trial
7. Rights in civil cases
8. Bail, fines, punishment
9. Rights retained by the people
10. States' rights

Front 10

What happened after Texas declared independence from Mexico?

Back 10

U.S. intervenes and backs up Texas in the Mexican-American War

Front 11

Why did the Whig Party oppose slavery expanding into the Mexican cession?

Back 11

They feared the possible upset of free and slave states.

Front 12

What was monumental about the Marbury vs. Madison case?

Back 12

Gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review.

Front 13

What was the Embargo Act? Which president passed it?

Back 13

Thomas Jefferson passed it and it forbid trade with European nations. This ended up hurting the U.S. more than it hurt other nations and the economic hurt from this ends up affecting our ability to fight the British in the War of 1812.

Front 14

The Louisiana Territory

Back 14

Thomas Jefferson purchased it from Spain; Lewis and Clark, who were looking for a water route to the Pacific Ocean, explored it; Louisiana Territory was present-day Kansas, South Dakota, Oklahoma, and Nebraska.

Front 15

Why did Andrew Jackson oppose having a 2nd Bank of the United States?

Back 15

He believed it favored the rich and wealthy and gave power to a small group of wealthy people

Front 16

What did Andrew Jackson oppose that John Marshall ruled?

Back 16

That Georgia couldn't make laws that hurt the rights of Native Americans living in the state. Eventually Andrew Jackson and the president following him (President Martin Van Buren) force the Cherokees down the Trail of Tears and relocate them to the Indian Territory

Front 17

The Panic of 1837

Back 17

An economic crash in 1837 during Van Buren's presidency, and this causes the U.S. to go through a recession until 1844.

Front 18

Party Reformations

Back 18

Anti-Federalist becomes Democratic-Republican (first two parties are the Federalists and the Democratic Republican)

Democratic Republican party splits into National Republican and Democrats

National Republican becomes Whig, then Whig falls out and the Republican party is formed

1852-present = Democrats and Republicans

Front 19

Compromise of 1850

Back 19

(Mexican cession dispute)

1. California is a free state
2. Slave trade abolished in D.C.
3. Rest of land gained = popular sovereignty
4. Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

Front 20

Compromise of 1820 (Missouri Compromise)

Back 20

Proposed by Henry Clay about dispute over land gained in the Louisiana Territory purchase.

1. Missouri is a slave state
2. Maine is a free state
3. 36'30 used to decide rest

Front 21

Proclamation of 1763

Back 21

Prohibited colonists from expanding westward of the Appalachian Mountains because it would be easier to govern the citizens and prevent further issues with the Native Americans

Front 22

Battle of Bunker

Back 22

1. Fought on Charlestown Peninsula in Boston
2. First battle preceding start of the war
3. British troops attacked colonists
4. Colonists withstood 2/3 attacks from British
5. 3rd attempt = colonists surrender because no amo
6. Boosted colonists' morale and proved that they could fight and hold their ground

Front 23

Battle of Yorktown

Back 23

Continental Army blocked the British into a peninsula and blocked off their supplies until General Cornwallis's troops surrendered. French Navy helped defeat British Navy.

Front 24

Valley Forge

Back 24

Washington and his troops spent the winter of '76-77

Harsh weathers and conditions while British got luxuries in the city

Colonists heard of the army's suffering and many women lead by Marsha Washington came in to help

Baron Von Stueben came from Germany to help train the men once they were healthy