Unit 3 Ap Human

Front 1

cultural assimilation

Back 1

process by which a less dominant culture adopts the traits of a more dominant culture so completely that the two cultures become indistinguishable.

Front 2

lingua franca

Back 2

A common language that is used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce is called

Front 3

Language branch

Back 3

collection of languages related through a common ancestor.

Front 4

culture

Back 4

body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people.

Front 5

folk culture

Back 5

culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogenous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups

Front 6

isogloss

Back 6

boundary that separates regions in which different language usage predominats

Front 7

nationality

Back 7

identification with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there

Front 8

nation-state

Back 8

a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality

Front 9

"Parent" religion to Buddhism

Back 9

Hinduism

Front 10

contagious diffusion

Back 10

rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population

Front 11

ethnicity

Back 11

Identity with a group of people based on cultural traits more than biologic ones

Front 12

Branches of Buddhism

Back 12

Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana

Front 13

hearth

Back 13

origin

Front 14

literary tradition

Back 14

language that is both written and spoken

Front 15

multiethnic state

Back 15

state that contains more than one ethnicity

Front 16

ethnocentrism

Back 16

The belief that one ethnicity is better than another

Front 17

language group

Back 17

collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary

Front 18

cultural diffusion

Back 18

the spread of culture traits from one group to another.

Front 19

universalizing religion

Back 19

religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location

Front 20

pilgrimage

Back 20

journey for religious purposes to a place considered sacred

Front 21

cuture complex

Back 21

A group of related cultural traits

Front 22

multinational state

Back 22

a state containing two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities

Front 23

Creole language

Back 23

a language that results from mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated

Front 24

hierarchical religion

Back 24

a religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control

Front 25

race

Back 25

identification with a group of people descended from a common ancestor

Front 26

nationalism

Back 26

loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality

Front 27

Jerusalem

Back 27

This city is holy to Christianity, Islam, and Judaism

Front 28

Indo-European branches

Back 28

Indo-Iranian, Romance, Germanic, Balto-Slavic

Front 29

Language

Back 29

a system of communication through the use of nspeech, a collection of sounds understood by a groupn of people to have the same meaning

Front 30

relocation diffusion

Back 30

the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another

Front 31

branch

Back 31

a large and fundamental divide within a religion

Front 32

Branches of Christianity

Back 32

Roman Catholic, Protestand, Orthodox

Front 33

ethnic cleansing

Back 33

process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful group in order to create an ethnically homogenous region

Front 34

sect

Back 34

a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination

Front 35

Core-sphere-domain model

Back 35

the place where concentration of culture traits that characterizes a region is greatest

Front 36

taboo

Back 36

a restriciton on behavior imposed by a social custom

Front 37

Branches of Islam

Back 37

Sunni and Shiite

Front 38

centripetal force

Back 38

an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state

Front 39

official language

Back 39

the language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents

Front 40

balkanization

Back 40

process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

Front 41

custom

Back 41

the frequent repetition of an act to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act

Front 42

ideogram

Back 42

the system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or concept rather than a specific sound

Front 43

pidgin language

Back 43

a form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.

Front 44

ethnic religion

Back 44

a religion with a relatively concentrated spatial disdtribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated

Front 45

culture realm

Back 45

geographic assemblage of related culture regions

Front 46

cultural transition zone

Back 46

an area around the boundary between two culture regions that exhibits traits from both cultures

Front 47

apartheid

Back 47

laws in South Africa that physically separated different raes into different geographic areas

Front 48

denomination

Back 48

a division of a branch that unites a number of local religious congregations in a single legal and administrative body

Front 49

Syncretism

Back 49

merging of different religions, cultures, schools of thoughts, etc.

Front 50

Latin based roman languages

Back 50

Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, Romanian

Front 51

caste

Back 51

the class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law

Front 52

animism

Back 52

belief that objects or natural events have a discrete spirit and conscious life

Front 53

popular culture

Back 53

culture found in large, heterogenous society that shares certain habit despite differences in other personal characteristics

Front 54

dialect

Back 54

regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronounciation

Front 55

habit

Back 55

a repetitive act performed by a particular individual

Front 56

vernacular language

Back 56

language used by the common people, native dialect, etc.

Front 57

extinct language

Back 57

a language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used

Front 58

racism

Back 58

the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

Front 59

acculturation

Back 59

the process by which a less dominant culture adoptss some of the traits of a more dominant culture

Front 60

language family

Back 60

a collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor that existed long before recorded history