Unit 1

Front 1

It is made up of Phospolipids

Back 1

Cell membrane

Front 2

The removal of water links the monomer and turns it into polymers forming new bond

Back 2

Dehydration

Front 3

Adding water, breaks longer molecules turning them into shorter molecules forming monomers

Back 3

Hydrolysis

Front 4

Basic unit of Carbohydrates

Back 4

Monosaccharides

Front 5

Most common monosaccharide

Back 5

Glucose

Front 6

Forms by the glycosidic linkage

Back 6

Disaccharides

Front 7

3 - 10 monomers chains sometimes sometimes attached to protein forming glycoprotein

Back 7

Olygosaccharides

Front 8

Examples of monosaccharides

Back 8

Ribose, glucose, and fructose

Front 9

A special monossacharides, sugar present in DNA molecule

Back 9

Ribose

Front 10

It is a simple sugar

Back 10

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

Front 11

Provides energy in sprouting seeds; beer brewers also use it to promote fermentation

Back 11

Disaccharide maltose or maltose

Front 12

Are long chains of carbohydrates, support cells and organisms (cellulose, chitin); store energy (starch, glycogen)

Back 12

Polysaccharides

Front 13

Major component of the tough wall of plant cells

Back 13

Cellulose

Front 14

Cellular structure know as

Back 14

Plastids

Front 15

It is a monomer of Glucose

Back 15

Glycogen

Front 16

It is composed of amyloplast

Back 16

Starch

Front 17

The 2nd most common polysaccharides, forms the exoskeleton of anthropods

Back 17

Chitin

Front 18

It is important in Immunity. It is also composed of protein and carbohydrate chains that are found in blood.

Back 18

Glycoproteins

Front 19

It is the formation of glycogen that can be found in our liver and the muscle cells of animals.

Back 19

Glycogenesis

Front 20

Is the process of glycogen breakdown that occurs in the liver and hormones are glycogon and ephinephrine

Back 20

Glycogenolysis

Front 21

Is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate also occurs in the liver and kindney

Back 21

Gluconeogenesis

Front 22

Organic Compounds with one property in common, a non-polar

Back 22

Lipids

Front 23

Two groups of Lipids

Back 23

Triglycerides and steriods

Front 24

More commonly known as fats

Back 24

Triglycerides

Front 25

Are another class of lipids. They have a four-ring structure

Back 25

Steriods

Front 26

What can be formed when a removal of water occurs?

Back 26

triacyglycerol

Front 27

Single bonds connect all the carbon and each carbon has two hydrogens -- Bacon fat and butter are example of this

Back 27

Saturated Fatty Acid

Front 28

Has at least one double bond between carbon atoms -- example of this is an Olive oil

Back 28

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Front 29

Are unsaturated fats whose fatty acid tails are straight and not kinked - common in fast foods

Back 29

Trans Fat

Front 30

Forms most of the fat in human adults

Back 30

Adipose Tissue

Front 31

Formation of lipids, breakdowns of fats

Back 31

Lipogenesis

Front 32

Obtains energy from fats

Back 32

Lipolysis

Front 33

Converted into fatthy acyl CoA

Back 33

Fatty Acid oxidation

Front 34

Is a chain of monomers called amino acids

Back 34

Protein

Front 35

Creates identical DNA strands

Back 35

Replication

Front 36

Works in Nucleus and ribosomes

Back 36

Protein synthesis

Front 37

Converts DNA into messenger RNA

Back 37

Transcription

Front 38

Decodes DNA into mRNA into amino acids forming protein essential for the fuctions

Back 38

Translation

Front 39

Large proteins are broken into smaller pieces called, happens in small intestine

Back 39

Proteolysis

Front 40

Excess ammonia in the body produces urea in the

Back 40

Urea Cycle

Front 41

Are produced from the breakdown of Amino Acids

Back 41

Ammonium ions

Front 42

Binds to amino acids together forming dipeptide (covalent bond & peptide bond)

Back 42

Dehydration reaction

Front 43

Dipeptides and polypeptides break down into individual amino acids

Back 43

Hydrolysis Reaction

Front 44

This sequence determines all subsequent structural levels - sequence of a polypeptide chain

Back 44

Primary Structure

Front 45

These interactions fold the chain of amino acids into coils, sheets and loops - hydrogen bond

Back 45

Secondary Structure

Front 46

The bond between amino acid

Back 46

Peptide Bond

Front 47

Break down of amino acid takes place in the ____ and ___ of the ___ and ___

Back 47

Mitochondria, cytoplasm; Liver, cells

Front 48

Present in pancreatic Hormone - Primary structure

Back 48

Insulin

Front 49

Delivers to the muscle cells -- it is composed of tertiary structure

Back 49

Myoglobin

Front 50

Structures result from interactions between multiple polypeptide subunits of the same protein

Back 50

Quaternary structure

Front 51

Example that exhibits quaternary structure

Back 51

Collagen and Hemoglobin

Front 52

Fibrous protein that has a three-identical helical polypeptide

Back 52

Collagen

Front 53

The oxygen binding protein of red blood cells. Is a globular protein that consists of four polypeptide heme

Back 53

Hemoglobin

Front 54

It disrupts the hydrogen bond that maintains protein shape

Back 54

Heat

Front 55

What are the protein types and functions?

Back 55

Hormonal Proteins (coordination of organism activities); Structural Protein (support); Transport proteins (transport of substances); Defensive Proteins (protection against disease); Enzymatic Proteins (selective acceleration of chemical reaction); Receptor Proteins (response of the cell to chemical stimuli); Contractile (Movement)

Front 56

Are proteins that act as a catalyst to speed up chemical reaction

Back 56

Enzymes

Front 57

Factors affecting enzyme activity

Back 57

Concentration, pH and temperature

Front 58

A digestive enzyme in the human stomach

Back 58

Pepsin

Front 59

A digestive enzyme residing in the more alkaline environment

Back 59

Trypsin

Front 60

The energy required to change the reactant

Back 60

Activation Energy

Front 61

Carry genetic Information - nucleotides

Back 61

Nucleic Acid

Front 62

Three parts of nucleotides

Back 62

Phosphate, Nitrogenous bases, five carbon sugar

Front 63

DNA and RNA both incorporate what?

Back 63

Adenine, cytosine and guanine

Front 64

only DNA uses what?

Back 64

Thymine

Front 65

Only RNA uses what?

Back 65

Uracil

Front 66

Lacks of oxygen

Back 66

Deoxyribose

Front 67

Has oxygen

Back 67

Ribose

Front 68

Generates and hydrolyzes DNA and RNA molecule

Back 68

Metabolism

Front 69

Consist of sugar, one or more phosphate groups and one of several nitrogenous base

Back 69

Nucleotide

Front 70

Double Helix Structure

Back 70

DNA

Front 71

Single-stranded

Back 71

RNA

Front 72

Store genetic information

Back 72

DNA