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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1916-17
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Prohibition close to being enacted because This is mainly do to the fact that we were fighting the germans andWe didn’t want to be associated with the beer business including Ferguson was still againt prohibition. Thus, Fergusons wife ran against a member of the ku klu klan in govenor nominations
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1916 (Germany-wise)
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TX breweries fined $281,000 plus costs for violating TX anti-trust law and election code by making contributions in elections in which they were directly affected and W begins holding Germany responsible for American deaths from submarine attacks. So, Jeff McLemore (Cong-at-large) introduces motion in H warning Americans to stay off armed ships traveling in war zone, but W opposes measure and H tables it. Of 8 TX Cong supporting McLemore, 3 come from “German” districts
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1916 (policy-wise)
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Ferguson and Bailey control TX delegation to Democration Ntl Convention- Fight over TX delegation to Dem Ntl Convention. F & B write a state platform opposing women’s suffrage and natl prohibition and defeat drys to send wet delegation to St. Louis
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1916 (elections)
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Wilson narrowly re-elected (‘kept us out of war’); Culberson re-elected to Senate over Colquitt who is a alcoholic and has bright’s disease (“sick man of the senate”) and Leaves senate for months at a time
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1916 (Colquitt)
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Colq attacks ntl prohibition, supports embargo on war supplies to all belligerents (pro-German view), attacks W’s MX policy and failure to help cotton farmers and Colq’s connection with german-texans used against him. So, Colq finishes 1st in democratic primary but W opposes Colq behind the scenes and Vote for Colq a vote for the Kaiser. Culb’s win highpoint for W in TX in ‘16
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The Fergusons
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1917- Ferguson thrown out of office after the US entered WW1. 1918- Ferguson lost to Hobby in Democratic primary. Hobby styled himself as a progressive and was in favor of women’s suffrage, prohibition, and for US entry into WW1.
1920’s – Ferguson (anti-KKK) run off election for Senate seat vs. Mayfield(KKK)- his friends let blacks vote in hopes they’d vote against the KKK runner - still didn’t beat Mayfield. in 1920, Ferguson decides to run for President of the US. He was only trying to steal D votes to make Texas Republican. It didn’t work. Then in 1924 he runs his wife for office and this is how the Ma and Pa Ferguson team was born. Ma actually was elected gov in 1924; in 26 she was defeated for re-election. |
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1916 (Legislature)
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TX Legislature made white primary state law util 1927. Nixon vs. Conden - TX white primary unconstitutional,
- permission to TX dem to use white primary also unconstitutional. But, Tx gave up laws and allowed Dem to do as they wanted. ’35- Grokey vs. Townshend –White primary upheld in Supreme court b/c gov’t not involved and then ’44 Struck down white primary in any form regardless of approval by gov agency in name of 15th Amend. Plus the Ban on Theory of Evolution in schools ( supported by progressives and KKK) |
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1917 ( Beginning of war)
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We wanted to keep trading with Britain after the war began. And Britain and Germany were going at it mainly. Our ships begin to be sunk because we were helping Britain win the war. Zimmerman Telegram- said that if US joined the war, Germany was offering Mexico an alliance if we joined the war which would help them recover some of the land they lost to the US as a result of Mex-American war.
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1917 (entering the war)
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We entered the war. Draft enacted, which was controversial. It was supposed to be the war to end all wars, we wanted to promote democracy, and it was almost like a crusade (spirit of progressivism). Alien and Sedition Laws passed in 1917- said it was illegal to criticize the government of the US or our involvement in the war. There were over 1000 convictions. The war also led to an incredible amount of gov involvement in the economy. German Americans were harassed during this time. Private businesses were ordered to manufacture certain goods to be provided for war
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1918 (Policy/ Elections)
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Hobby styled himself as a progressive and was in favor of women’s suffrage, prohibition, and for US entry into WW1. Prohibition is gaining strength and this time and the fact that it was wartime helped- because many ppl believed that since we were fighting Germans and many breweries are German owned, we were helping their side by allowing alcohol to be consumed. So Ferguson loses to Hobby
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1918 (Hobby)
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Gov Hobby calls a special session in TX legislature- these laws mirror laws that are passed at national level. Passes anti-liquor legislation, patriotism laws, and changes in election laws. We created 10 mile dry zones around all military bases (national law was 5 mile dry zones). We also closed all saloons by the end of 1918. 1st time that women in TX get to vote in Texas (after the 19th amendment was ratified). The voted largely for William Hobby over Jim Ferguson because Hobby was progressive and prohibitionist.
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1918 (elections)
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Annie Webb Blanton elected state superintendent of public instruction.
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1919 (Legislation)
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18th amendment ratified by TX state leg- this was the national prohibition, authored by Morris Shepard. UT German department appropriation was vetoed by Gov Hobby. Voters adopt prohibition amendment to the state, resulting in the Dean Law being enacted to implement prohibition. This Law sent a lot of ppl to jail for violating this. So before the 1920’s we had ratified both the 18th and 19th amendments.
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1920 (presidential)
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President Wilson sails to Europe and arrives in Paris as an international hero and they proceed to write the Versailles Treaty- which is supposed to set up a league of nations and the US never even joins it. Wilson is engaged in a conflict with republican control of senate, and republicans say they won’t ratify the treaty unless he makes significant changes to it. Wilson says no and decided to tour the US and rally the public to support him; he does this and suffers a stroke
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1920 Main Issues
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KKK became active in state politics during this time. Prohibition was enforced. Return of the Ferguson’s
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1920 (elections)
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Warren Harding elected President- says lets return to normalcy. Everyone was tired of crusading democracy and wanted to get back to their own affairs. Pat Neff elected Governor- his views were compatible with the Klan’s, he was a very strict Baptist. He claimed to never drink, dance, fish etc.. He was a business progressive; he wanted to use modern business methods to reorganize state government. He ran against Joseph Weldon Bailey (waters piece oil company scandal)
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1922 (elections)
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Earl Mayfield-elected to US senate and was an active member of TX Klan. Jim Ferguson runs for Senate and makes it into a runoff with Earl Mayfield- loses
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1923 (legislation)
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Anti-evolution bill passes TX house, Gov Neff started the State Parks system and helped establish Texas Tech University
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1924 (elections)
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Ma Ferguson elected Governor- she had no interest in the job and wasn’t well qualified. Pardoned prisoners, bribing people
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1926 (elections)
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Moody- defeats Ferguson and cleans up offices
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1917 (military)
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Had numerous military bases with Concern about health and morale at bases and had 5 mile dry zones surround military bases. outlawed prostitution at bases and closed saloons
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1917 (Race during war)
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Black troops felt discriminated against; Hippocratic that we were fighting against racism in Germany yet we practiced it; We allowed immigrants, who were not us citizens, to vote
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1925 (Legislation)
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Anti-mask law passed and Leg passes amnesty bill for Jim Ferguson.
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1926 (elections)
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Dan Moody elected Gov (serves 2 terms)- was a business progressive. up to. When he was running, the Ferguson’s offered him a deal saying they would drop out if a runoff was needed if they came in second. Ferguson’s were lairs and most of Moody’s friends said not to take the deal. So Moody took the deal and he came in 1st but didn’t have a majority so a runoff was needed and low and behold the Ferguson’s didn’t drop out, but they lost
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1928 (elections)
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Texas goes the other way, they vote for Republican Herbert Hoover who wins over Al Smith who Al Smith was a very savvy politician from NY. He openly served alcohol in the governor’s mansion and denounced prohibition. Most Texans didn’t like Smith’s attitude and also because he was catholic. Tom Connally defeats Earle Mayfield in US senate race. Mayfield lost because the Klan wasn’t influential. Connally was considered a conservative democratic, not a new dealer.
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1930 (elections)
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Ross Sterling elected Governor over Ma Ferguson. Sterling was a businessman from Houston. He was one of the founders of Exxon Mobile but by the time he left office he was broke
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1931 (elections)
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Dems gain control of House w/election of Dick Kleberg. Before this happens, the Republicans had control of the House and the senate since 1919. Kleberg was a rancher before this. Kleberg had Lyndon B. Johnson as his legislative assistant.
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1932 (elections)
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Roosevelt & Garner elected. Roosevelt was a master politician and he recognized that there was only one thing the public won’t forgive- and that was inaction.
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1932 (Roosevelt)
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Roosevelt married his 2nd cousin Eleanor and Eleanor’s uncle was Theodore Roosevelt. Then Roosevelt decided he doesn’t want Smith be the party nominee again. Roosevelt didn’t have 2/3rd majority to win though and he needed help. He turned to John Nance Garner.
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1932 (Garner)
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John Nance Garner was the speaker of the US house of representatives- 1st time a Texan served in this office. So Garner was a half-hearted candidate for the presidency and he was actually entered into the California primary by William Randolph Hurst. So Garner won delegates from TX and California and these were enough to swing the nomination in Roosevelt’s favor. Roosevelt owed Garner. Garner served as VP for 8 years. Garner tries to run again in 1940 to prevent Roosevelt from a 3rd term but Roosevelt won a 3rd term
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Difference between 1st & 2nd Roos. Term
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During Roosevelt’s 1st term, Texas democrats almost unanimously support him. In the 2nd term they change their minds and only the strong New Dealers like Rayburn, Johnson, and Morris Shepard during the 1st term the country is so bad off, you don’t argue “when the barn is burning down”. And during the 2nd term the feeling was “the barn isn’t burning down” now we can argue
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Depression/ New Deal
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The unemployment rate during the 30’s was 25%, New Deal was the National Industrial Recovery Act- allowed for competing firms to get together and agree on how many for ex automobiles were to be produced. And WPA, CCC, NWA, many programs that created public jobs
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1933 (Legislation)
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New Deal comes to TX. 15 Major laws are passed in the First 100 days, TX ratifies 21st amendment- this just basically repeals the 18th amendment, All liquor was legalized by con amendment in 1935, Last Ferguson Administration, and Texans chair 6 committees in US House
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Famous Texans
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John Nance Garner- VP of the US, Jesse Jones- banker from Houston who hosted the democratic national convention in 1928, Martin Jones- Texan who was involved in Farm program act. It was called the triple A- agricultural adjustment act, Sam Rayburn- elected to US house in 1912
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1934 (elections)
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Attorney General James V Allred elected Governor. He was a liberal governor of Texas. He tried to break up monopolies like Montgomery ward
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1935 (Legislation)
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We amend the state constitution to provide for old age pensions, Statewide prohibition entirely repealed back to local option,
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1936 (elections)
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FDR/Garner re-elected by huge majority. The feeling was that since we was so overwhelmingly supported, that he could do anything and get away with it, Feelings against New Deal start to grow in Texas.
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1937 (FDR Mistake)
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- He announces his plan to reorganize the Supreme Court. That meant that he was going to add up to 6 additional justices. He was angry at the court because the court had stuck down some major new deal laws such as the triple act (farm program),
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1937- problems
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Sit down strikes- workers for the 1st time instead of striking, formed a picket line and sat down on the floor and refused to leave. This infuriates tradition democrats like Garner. Garner wants to send in the army but Roosevelt refuses to do anything. There is also a recession in the midst of the depression
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1937 (elections)
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Rayburn becomes Majority Leader in U.S. house,
Lyndon B Johnson elected from 10th CD in special election. There was an opening in congress due to James Buckanan suddenly dies. |
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1938 (Legislation)
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Birth of Conservative Coalition- formed because of FDR’s mistakes, by northern republicans who become the dominant force in congress until 1970’s, During the 2nd term, the legislature passes minor tax increases and O’Daniel realizes his popularity was bound to fail due to his radio broadcast routines etc..
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1938 (elections)
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Wilbert Lee O’Daniel elected Governor (almost 2 terms). He was an executive at a flower company (for biscuits) called the Burris Mill & Elevator Company.
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1939 (military)
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War begins in Europe as Hitler invades Poland in September. We are still uninvolved at this time.
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1940 (elections)
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Rayburn becomes U.S. Housed Speaker in September, FDR elected to his 3rd term. Although most TX congressman had put the brakes on the New Deal, most of them actually support Roosevelt’s policy to aid democracies before we enter (Lend Lease)
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1940 (Legislation)
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Selective Service Act (1 year draft). 1st peace time draft in our nation’s history and passes with the help of Rayburn. FDR doesn’t like Garner at this point and replaces him with Henry Wallace on Democratic National Ticket.
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1941 (election)
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Morris Sheppard (progressive) dies. O’Daniel defeats LBJ in special election
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1942 (elections)
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O’Daniel faced Allred & Moody in Senate Dem Primary, Coke Stevenson elected Governor. He is elected in 1942 but becomes governor automatically in 1941 when O’Daniel goes to Washington to serve in the Senate, Coke Stevenson stood fortunate that he was gov in WW2 because the TX economy was sagging in the 30’s because the state was running a deficit
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1942 (military)
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TX in WW2- we put pressure on Japan by limiting supply of oil. We were really trying to get them to attack us because the feeling at the time was that the American ppl won’t attack until we were attacked first. LBJ took a leave of absence from the House of Rep and enlisted in the Navy Reserves. Toured some navy bases, particularly the ones in southern California and hung out with celebrities which was quite revolting. Eventually FDR said either resign from congress and enlist for real or go back to your job. All of this was typical of Johnson, he couldn’t help himself from bragging and talking as though he’d been in the trenches during warfare (this sort of fake naval career).
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1944 (Legislation)
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Smith v Allwright ends White Primary. We did not fight against these advances in civil rights the way states in the Deep South did. Rainey was in favor of the Fair Employment Practices Commission- supposed to prevent racial discrimination by companies.
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1944 (politcal groups)
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Texas Regulars (group of conservative Anit-Roosevelt democrats) fight to control TX Dem delegation to Natl convention. They would like to stop FDR from being nominated from a 4th term.
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1944 (elections)
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Homer Rainey fired as UT president. He runs for governor in the democratic primary in 1946 and gets a significant vote from blacks living in Houston, Dallas, and he makes it into a runoff and loses but he never would have even made it into a runoff if it hadn’t been for Smith v Allwright. * Need more info on why he was fired.
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1941 (Legislation)
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Lend Lease Act in 1941 enables us to loan money and destroyers to Britain in order to try to resist Hitler who wanted to invade the British Isles
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1944 (Race)
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tx didn’t fight against advancements in civil rts as did most states in the deep south, that doesn’t mean that we liked it, we are getting to the end of racial segregation- though slowly, protests begin in mid 1950s
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1945 (Elections)
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fdr dies in april, Truman becomes pres
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1946 (elections)
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beauford jester elected gov
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1948 (elections)
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trumen elected over dewey, lbj defeats Stevenson for us senate nomination,
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1948 (Johnson)
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wants to be president, Supports civil rts act 1957- because he wanted to move toward the center ideologically, Was a moderate, Tries to shed southern image, because he has presidential ambitions
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1950 (military)
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problem with domestic communism, red scare, mccarthyism-tries to make issue of communism - made joseph mccarthy an honorary Texan
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1950 (land)
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tx tide lands- lands extending into gulf of mx (under water), tx included 10.3 miles of off shore land in gulf of mx, only cared bc oil was found, tx made millions leasing the rt for people to drill oil in the gulf, Truman thought that the gov should own the tide lands
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1950 (race)
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Sweatt v. Painter opens UT to black students- Law school student wanted to come to ut , but was not admitted because he was black. Separate 1 person law school set up for him. Ruled unconstitutional and UT ordered to admit him.
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1950 (military)
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Korean war- south occupied by us troops and allies; north korea occupied by the russians
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1954 (Legislation)
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Brown V. Board
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1949 (election)
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shivers becomes gov 1949 advocating against segregation in schools- corruption in gov affects shivers administration, veterens land board, elected three times, when leaves office, name is disgraced
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1952 (Legislation)
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Truman vetos bill giving states rt to lease tidelands, Tx votes for Eisenhower in bolt of “shivercrats”(rep), and Got billy graham on his side, Sent fed troops to little rock Arkansas to a high school to comply to a fed court order to allow black students
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1952 (election)
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Atty gen price Daniel elected to us senate; Runs for gov 1956; Allen shivers reelected gov (Rep) - Runs against yarborough who is a liberal dem
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1954 Yarburough v. Shivers
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Yarborough loses gov every time but elected to senete in special election, Voted for every civil rts bill; Yarborough runs against shivers enough that he builds up enough name recognition to win US senate election in 1957. Votes for every civil rights bill that is ever brought to a vote. He isn’t a supporter of school de-segregation in 1954. Our primary didn’t occur until summer, and brown vs board occurred in may. Yarborough later supports brown
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1955 (scandal)
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veterans land board scandal- allows tx veterans to buy land from the state then to borrow the money form the state at a very low interest, they were getting hugely inflated selling prices, bribed members of the board - land commissioner jiles convicted of bribery, Land board let veterans buy undeveloped land and take out loans from the state. Developers were bribing the land board to make a profit.
insurance commission scandal damages shivers popularity- nothing done to regulate the insurances, accepted bribes |
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1955 (election)
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lbj elected senate majority leader
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1956 (voting)
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martin luther king voted for Eisenhower who was a republican
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1956 (Legislation)
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101 congressman and 19 senators sign southern manifesto pledging resistance to Brown v. Board of Education- lbj didn’t sign the manifesto , neither did rayburn, most southern congressman didn’t sign were tx, Most of TX us representatives didn’t sign it, LBJ didn’t sign it. Most of the southerner’s who didn’t sign it were Texans.
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1957 (election)
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Yarborough elected to fill Daniel’s seat in special election- Yarborough is a true liberal democrat
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1957 (Legislation)
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Lbj helps pass first civil rts bill since reconstruction
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1958 (Yarburough v. Blakely
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Blakely was a conservative, Yarborough won. Beat Herbert bush in 1964 and then fell to loyd benson in 1970
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1960 Johnson
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Johnson was under the old model- acquiring value and respect and then everyone turns to you Johnson and JFK openly hated each other, timid campaigner. He didn’t even enter the primaries becaue he expected Humphrey ti win over JFK.
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1960 JFK
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Was a catholic. It had been 32 years since a catholic had been nominated by Dems. He had to show he could win states (anti catholics), Had Adinson’s disease- hormone imbalance and had chronic back pain, a late comer to civil rights- takes him 2 years to desegregate public housing.- Wins
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1961 (elections)
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Tower wins Senate seat in special election, LBJ is VP
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1961 (LBJ)
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These are the unhappy years for LBJ. His father dies, he was drinking and dies at 64. Bill Blakely takes over
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1961 (Tower)
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He is the 1st republican state senator for next 17 years. In 1980 he was nominate for the secretary of defense but was rejected over Dick Cheney
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1962 (Elections)
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Connally defeats Yarborough for Governor,
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1963 (Presdential)
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Nov 22. JFK assassinated in Dallas, Hadnt been in Texas since his campaign and was here to raise money for relection campaign, Governor Conally had convinced him to make some public appearances. Killed y Lee Harvey Oswalde One bullet prierced his neck and hit connally and last bullet was in the head that killed him.
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1963 (LBJ)
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becomes president and is sworn in on Air Force One. Jackie Kennedy is seen next to him in bloody clothes. LBJ sheds crocodile tears and says that we need to pass civil rights acts for our “fallen hero” - got congress to fo things as a “memorial to JFK”. Most of the stuff wouldn’t have been able to pass had this not happened
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1964 (elections)
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LBj - runs a dirty campaign and had doctors say he was mentally unfit to run-defeats Goldwater- Goldwater voted against civil rights and was opposite of Reagan. Was extremely conservative and didn’t like the poor.. Yarborough defeats George H. Bush
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1964 (Legislation)
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Poll tax ends with the 24th amendment. No longer in federa gov and later no longer in the state. One person-one vote law. Harris country had 8 state reps and all ran county wide. Supreme court said we had to redistrict- these are the districts that elected George W Bush and Barbara Jordon,
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1965 (Legislation)
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Voting rights act, federal aid to education, Medicare and Medicaid and Vietnam, Student loans come from LBJs enactment,
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1965 (Military)
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only way we could keep south vietname from falling to the north, was had to send more Us troops over there, Led us deeper and deeper in war. 60000 and more soldiers dead,
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1966 (Elections)
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tower defeats Waggoner Carr, Curtis graves, and Barbara Jordon (Every person had a 15 minute speech on live television and her’s was the most famous)are 1st blacks elected to tx legislature since 1898 due to the one vote one person act.
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1960's (parties)
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Liberal dems are elcted and move the enter to the middle and later the left. Tx is still dominated by conservative dems (party of conally) Late 1970s the dem party will move more toward the center
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1968 (elections)
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LBJ, Connally retire, Nixon defeats humphrey in presidency - Humphery won vote in tx, only southern state he won the vote- was lbj vp, Preston smith elected gov
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1968 (Smith)
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Interested in water quality, establishing medical schools, research, health services, First state minimum wage law passes, Mainly known for scandel of sharpstown bank
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1970 (Elections)
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Lloyd Bentsen defeats Ralph Yarborough and then defeats George h w bush, Bush urged to run for senate by Nixon-
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1971 (Scandals)
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jan. sharpstown bank scandel begins- sharpstown neighborhood in house developed by sharp and also developed bank, bank had illegal banking practices, wanted to get it chartered as state bank to avoid fed influence, bribed the legeslature to get this and was passed in leg, and this was vetoed by gov smith, smith double crossed sharp dirty 30”-
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1972 (Elections)
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Causes turnover in tx state elections/ The turnover rate is 50% which had never happened before. Over 70 new reps were elected. 15new senators
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1973 (Legislation)
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roe v wade stricks down states antiabortion law
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1974 (Legislation)
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leg meets in constitutional convention- governorship, other major statewide offices become 4 yr terms, connally indicted by fed prosecutors for accepting bribes
Morales vs. Truman -Youth- the way residents treated in youth correctional facilities was unconstitutional. There was cruel punishment for these people |
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1974 (election)
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Briscoe (absentee governor) was the last democratic conservative to be elected- More interested in title.
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1974 (Judge Justice)
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Judge Justice – in charge of liberal activism that takes place through courts (judicial branch)
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1975 (Congress)
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Seniority in Congress comes to an end- Rule that chairman goes to the one with the most years end, there are 5 charimans of committess
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1976 (elections)
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1st presidential primary- Republican primary between Ford and Reagan swells republican ranks-
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1976 (Ford v Reagan)
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Reagan attacked Ford (athletic) on giving away Panama canal- Critical of Jimmy carter when he gave canal, We had to get ride of the leader of the canal (drug dealer), This pumped his campaign by attacking this issue, Reagan wins in texas
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1976 (economy)
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Gas prices help texas economy. We are doing better than before- does terribly under Carter
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1976 (elections)
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Carter runs on strength of personality. 1st southern to have a shot at the presidency ( he is from the deep south)
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1979 (Legislation)
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amended complaint filed in Lelsz v Kavanaugh leading judge justice to place TDMHMR under court order
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1980 (elections)
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reagan/ bush ticket carries tx, Looked like the beginning of a healthy two party system
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1982 (election)
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Mark White defeats Clements (only lasts for one term b/c he has to raise sales tax twice and economy suffers drastically) jim hightower elected ag comm., Ann richards state treas, Jim mattox ag, Gary mauro land comm. - Dems win every statewide race
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1983 (Legislation)
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ross perot appointed to chair gov, whites select committee on education- must have physical activity, especially sports
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1984(elections)
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john tower retires- replaced by phil graham who defeats liberal state sen Lloyd Doggett (later elected to house)
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1984 (Legislation)
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house bill 72 (no pass- no play), teacher competency tests, plus salary increases for teachers (passes in special session)
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1986 (economy)
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oil drops to $10/ barrel- tx economy suffering, depended a lot more on oil then even today - sales tax expanded to make up shortfall, bust in oil and real estate market
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1986 (elections)
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Clements wins,
Raul Gonzalez first Hispanic elected to statewide office |
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1986 (Clements)
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$5.7 b tax increase, largest in tx history after campaigning on pledge of no new taxes, Involved in football scandel at SMU- They bought football players with cars, etc
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1986 (Legislation)
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Leg rewrites state banking laws to allow out of state banks and holding cos to own tx banks
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1987 (Legislation)
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state district judge harley clark rules in edgewood v Kirby that leg must come up with new finance plan - it was unconstitutional how public schools were getting paid- came up with robinhood
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1987 (elections)
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jim wright elected speaker us house- rep 12th district from ft worth, moderate conservative dem
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1988 (elections)
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3 reps elected to tx supreme court - 1 rep to rr comm. Bush/ quayle carry state (defeats Anne Richards)
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1989 (elections)
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tower rejected by senate for sec of defence, wright resigns as speaker
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1990 (elections)
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anne richards- recovering alcoholic and accussed of having cocaine- defeats clayton williams to be elected gov
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1990 (Legislation)
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Richards vetoed a concealed handgun law, which affected her popularity in state
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