Tmd 224 - Exam 1

Front 1

Body modification

Back 1

temporary or permanent alterations made to the body (hair color, tan skin, plastic surgery, shoulder pads, corset)

- color

- volume & proportion

- shape & structure

- surface design

- texture

- scent

Front 2

Body supplement

Back 2

essentially our clothes & accessories

- enclose the body, attached directly, held by wearer, held for wearer by someone else

Front 3

Types of enclosures

Back 3

- wrapped: scarf

- suspended: poncho

- preshaped: tailored

- combination: preshaping & suspension

Front 4

Type of attachments

Back 4

- inserted: earrings

- adhered: false eyelashes

- hand held: umbrella

- pressure fastened: prince-nez glasses

Front 5

Lay terminology

Back 5

common vocabulary words we normally use to communicate

Front 6

Scientific terminology

Back 6

words & phrases that more accurately name dress items and practices (designed to avoid confusion with lay)

Front 7

Indigenous terminology

Back 7

words or phrases in the language of the native wearers of the body modifications/supplements

Front 8

Dress

Back 8

- any body covering, attachment or treatment; essentially our appearance

- one of the most powerful mediums of expression devised by humans

- first motivations from aesthetics

Front 9

Fashion

Back 9

- a socio-cultural phenomenon in which a preference is shared for a particular style, only lasts a relatively short time

- western fashion system emerges 14th century Italy

Front 10

Additional concepts related to fashion

Back 10

- style

- trend

- taste

- change

- novelty

Front 11

Why dress?

Back 11

- protection, beautification, nonverbal communication

- modesty - why we cover certain parts of our body

Front 12

Classification of dress: why do we do this?

Back 12

1. it is organized way to categorize dress

2. helps remove cultural bias when studying a culture other than your own

3. can give new perspective on your own culture

4. helps to standardize terminology

Front 13

Culture

Back 13

human-made material items and patterns of thoughts, feelings and behavior shared by members of a group who regularly interact with one another

- 2 components: material & nonmaterial

Front 14

Material culture

Back 14

can be very interconnected to belief systems in complex ways

- wedding & funeral

Front 15

Enculturation

Back 15

learning the cultural ways that are taught to members of the group in which they are raised

Front 16

Acculturation

Back 16

the process of learning a new culture, for example, migrating to a new country

Front 17

Microcultures

Back 17

large societies are composed of many smaller sections or groups (sometimes called subcultures)

ex: midwestern cowboys in American culture

Front 18

Globalization

Back 18

- process that integrates many separate societies and cultural groups of the world into a single socially interacting structure

- modern globalization begins in the 15th century with the age of exploration

Front 19

Diaspora

Back 19

members of a singular cultural community who have spread to many places around the world outside of their original place of origin through voluntary and forced migration

Front 20

Cultural authentication

Back 20

process of adopting foreign cultural items and making them your own

Front 21

Cultural appropriation

Back 21

defined as members of a dominant group exploiting the culture of less privileged groups - often with little understanding of the latter's history experience and tradition

Front 22

Colonialism

Back 22

age of exploration

establishment of a colony in one territory by a political power from another territory, and the subsequent maintenance, expansion and exploitation of that colony

the term is also used to describe a set of unequal relationships between the colonial power and the colony and often between colonists and indigenous peoples

Front 23

Ethnocentrism

Back 23

the expression in actions or judgements of a particular cultural viewpoint as a superior to another

Front 24

Eurocentrism

Back 24

the belief that European way of behaving and belief systems are superior

Front 25

Ethnic dress or "world dress"

Back 25

dress of particular culture - traditional/ceremonial situations that fall outside of the scope of the Western fashion system

the way group members dress to identify with culture/belonging (traditional Hmong clothes)

Front 26

Ethnicity

Back 26

relates to the idea of tradition; word refers to the heritage of a group of people with a common cultural background, which can include their dress

Front 27

Experimental archaeology

Back 27

field study which attempts to generate and test archaeological hypotheses, usually be replicating or approximating the feasibility of ancient cultures performing various tasks or feats

recreate something from the past (reconstruction of mantle found in Thorsberg Moore)

Front 28

Archaeological evidence

Back 28

things found underground/underwater

Front 29

Bias

Back 29

the natural distortion that occurs in written descriptions as a result of the writer's personal perspective

Front 30

Analytical writing

Back 30

commonly required in academic writing to show relationships between pieces of information. It is used to compare and contrast, assess and evaluate

Front 31

Satire

Back 31

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues (King Louis XIV)

Front 32

Caricature

Back 32

a picture, description, or imitation of a person or thing in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect

Front 33

Artifact

Back 33

extant items

Front 34

Costume plate

Back 34

print culture, history

Front 35

Fashion plate

Back 35

early fashion magazines

Front 36

Visual culture (visual representations)

Back 36

drawn, painted, sculpted and photographed (after c. 1838)

Front 37

Prescriptions

Back 37

tells you what to do

Front 38

Proscriptions

Back 38

tells you what not to do

Front 39

Dress reform

Back 39

dress reformers slowly changed the direction of modern dress

- Victorian dress reform was an objective of the Victorian dress reform movement, comprising carious reformers who proposed, designed, and wore clothing considered more practical & comfortable than the fashions of the time

- Going against mainstream fashion

Front 40

Acclimatization

Back 40

the long term physiological adaption that may take months or years...can become genetic adaptation

Front 41

Phenotypes

Back 41

physical apparent characteristics such as skin color, eye & hair color, body type

Front 42

Genetic adaptation

Back 42

changes occur to gene pools as those individuals that are best adapted to the habitat, live and reproduce to the next generation - also natural selection

Front 43

Gene pool

Back 43

total complements of genes shared by potential reproductive members of a population

Front 44

Cultural adaptation

Back 44

our capacity for cultural adaptation allows for our migration into varied climates etc.

Front 45

Race

Back 45

socially constructed - the classification of humans into groups based on physical traits, ancestry etc.

Front 46

Social Darwinism

Back 46

the theory that individuals, groups and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selections as plants and animals. Used to justify political conservatism, imperialism and racism and to discourage intervention and reform

- Darwin's theory of evolution provided one explanation of cultural diversity

- Dress was used to secure a society's position along the evolutionary track

- Justified the colonial attitude of the euroamerican to other people of the world

- The notions of social darwinism affected the evaluations of dress & technology of other cultures

Front 47

Endomorphic

Back 47

rounded with prominent abdomen

Front 48

Mesomorphic

Back 48

large boned & muscular

Front 49

Ectomorphic

Back 49

linear & slender

Front 50

Cline

Back 50

a continuum with an infinite number of gradations from one extreme to the other

Front 51

Acclimation

Back 51

slightly longer-term (body) adjustments occurring over the space of one or a few days

Front 52

7 clothing zones

Back 52

- the minimum

- the hot, dry desert

- 1 layer

- 2 layer

- 3 layer

- 4 layer maximum

- activity balance zone

Front 53

Physiological adaptations

Back 53

involve short-term or long-term changes in individuals in response to a physical environment

Front 54

Habituation

Back 54

small immediate physiological adjustments the body makes to minor changes in temperature or oxygen content in the air

Front 55

Dandy

Back 55

a many unduly? devoted to style, neatness and fashion in dress & appearance

Front 56

Modern dandies

Back 56

Hamish Bowles

Andre 3000