Theatre Histories 17-19Th Century Midterm

Front 1

Who owned the corrales during the Spanish Golden Age?

Back 1

Charities and churches

Front 2

Who sat in the patio? The gradas? The Cazuela?

Back 2

Patio- lower class men stood
Gradas- Middle/Upper class men and married women sat on benches
Cazuela- Single women and priests sat in this balcony area

Front 3

What is Corral de la Cruz?

Back 3

First permanent theatre in Spain in 1579
Built during Golden Age

Front 4

Who is Lope de Rueda?

Back 4

Spanish Golden Age playwright
Actor (especially of servant/simpleton parts so most of the servant characters in his plays were very developed)
Used lots of dirty humor
Wrote conflict between love and honor
Had optimistic endings
Celebrated variety of life w/o going too deep

Front 5

What are Autos Sacrementales?

Back 5

One-act allegorical plays containing supernatural and human characters along with allegorical characters.
Performed during Corpus Christi festivals (they had religious symbolism)
Fell out of style when Calderon died and theatre moved inside

Front 6

Who is Lope Felix de Vega Carpio?

Back 6

Huge playwright of Spanish Golden Age writing plays that:
1. Clearly defined actions that arouse and maintain suspense
2. Have conflict of love vs. honor
3. Optimistic endings
4. Strong female characters and wise peasants
5. Celebrated variety of life w/o commenting too deeply on it
He wrote the Sheep Well about villagers who kill their tyrannical lord and their king ends feudal system

Front 7

Who is Pedro Calderon de la Barca?

Back 7

Spanish Golden Age playwright (17th century).
Wrote Life Is a Dream- lots of capa y espada plays

Front 8

What are Comedias Capas y Espada?

Back 8

Cloak and Sword plays performed in Spanish Golden Age
Centered around Caballeros (lesser nobility), mix of genres, disguises, romance, duels, male honor, and wooing of a wealthy young woman

Front 9

What are Drolls?

Back 9

pieces of plays chopped down into a scene with music thrown in and other kinds of entertainment to get around 'no theatre' rules of Puritan ruling class in England during mid-17th century

Front 10

What is English 'Opera'?

Back 10

Songs with new lyrics set to popular tunes and thematically similar scenes. Form of theatre developed to circumvent regulations of Cromwell rule in mid-17th century England

Front 11

What is the Siege of Rhodes and what are the 'firsts' of it?

Back 11

Performance done in the Rhutland home of Davenant in mid-17th century England to circumvent no theatre rules.
Firsts:
1. First woman actress (mrs. Edwards coleman)
2. First proscenium arch
3. First English use of movable Italian scenery
4. First use of prospective scenery

Front 12

What is Pantomime in England?

Back 12

Form of theatre emerging from Comedia dell'arte flourishing on gags, spectacle, and subversive humor

Front 13

Who was Henry Herbert?

Back 13

Master of Revels in England, instituted by Charles II in 17th century to patent theatre companies in England

Front 14

What did Comedy of Manners focus on?

Back 14

1. Social satire
2. Tests the scope of human liberty
3. Wit is supreme
4. City vs. Country
5. Dance-like structure
6. Ends in coupling
7. Disguise
8. Sex=power
9. Always willing sinners
10. Assumptions that no man is sincere, no woman chaste, country folk stupid, puritans hypocritical, marriage a middle class value, and love a physical appetite

Front 15

Who is Jeremy Collier?

Back 15

Anti-theatricalist Puritan. Wrote a book against English theatre saying it was being used to corrupt instead of to teach and enlighten as it should.

Front 16

What is Heroic Tragedy?

Back 16

Form of British Restoration Theatre (17th century)
1. Love vs. duty to state (British form of Spanish Golden Age, though Love usually won over duty)
2. Set in exotic locals with heavy language

Front 17

Who is John Dryden?

Back 17

British playwright of Heroic Tragedies (ex. The Indian Queen), share holder in King's Men Company. Also neoclassical tragedy writer. Wrote an essay saying:
1. Regularize Shakespeare so it conformed to Neoclassical rules
2. Playwrights follow classics with modern eye
3. Follow law of probability

Front 18

Who is Thomas Otway?

Back 18

English Restoration playwright of neoclassical tragedies. He blended neoclassicism and Shakespeare

Front 19

Name three English actresses from 17th century.

Back 19

1. Nell Gwynn
2. Ann Bracegirdle
3. Elizabeth Barry

Front 20

What was performed at "Pleasures of Enchanted Island"?

Back 20

This was huge show at Versaille in 17th century with lots of spectacle. Tartuffe (by Moliere) was first performed here.

Front 21

What is Comedie Francaise?

Back 21

Formed in 1680 by Cardinal Richelieu. Given monopoly on SPoken drama
No actors could join until old ones died/retired
Members had state support and pensions but were major bureaucrats of monarchy
Louis XIV censored more as he aged

Front 22

What influenced Moliere?

Back 22

French farce, commedia dell'arte, and street medicine shows

Front 23

What are attributes of Carnivalesque humor?

Back 23

1. Reveled in sex and urges of material body
2. Expressive of life's regenerative processes like death/birth
3. Marked suspension or inversion of hierarchical rank, privileges, prohibitions, and norms

Front 24

What was Lully's Opera Company?

Back 24

French state supported troupe, licensed originally by Louis XIII in 1672. Had monopoly on entertainment with 6+ instruments, lavish spectacle, and 2+ professional singers. Produced very beautiful opera and ballet.

Front 25

Who is Cardinal Reichilieu?

Back 25

French cardinal in 17th century. Minister to Louis XIII, he regulated French style of acting by creating French Academy.

Front 26

What is Italian Commedia Troupe?

Back 26

Acting troupe in France, kicked out for mocking the king's 2nd wife but invited back in 1723 by Louis XIV's brother. Produced irregular comedies like farces and had less restrictions than Comedie Francaise.

Front 27

Who is Racine?

Back 27

Dramatist most connected to French neoclacissism.
Strong follower of the rules: simple plots, characters don't change psychologically.
Used perfect Alexandrian verse.
Had big rivalry with Moliere.

Front 28

What are Machine plays?

Back 28

Plays written with sole purpose of using chariot and pole scenery for spectacle

Front 29

What are Comedy ballets?

Back 29

Scenery, costumes, machinery, fireworks, and animals were all used for this theatrical spectacle. Reflect the French king's lavish personality. Performed in 17th century France.

Front 30

What did fairground troupes threaten?

Back 30

Italian Comedia and Lully's Opera

Front 31

What does Moliere say about theatre and human behavior?

Back 31

We should use theatre to correct our faults. Banning it prevents our ability to learn from it and improve.

Front 32

Who is Louis XIV?

Back 32

Sung King of France.
Built Versaille and moved nobility there
Organized Pleasure of Enchanted Island in 1664 (3 days of fun!)
Created 5 state supported theatre

Front 33

Who are Shogunate?

Back 33

Supreme military rulers in Japan from 1192-18th century

Front 34

What is Bunraku?

Back 34

Kabuki style theatre using puppets

Front 35

What is Aragoto?

Back 35

Rought style of acting featuring striking, non-realistic makeup, exaggerated costumes, extreme vocal patterns, and powerful gestures held almost like 'vogueing'. Used mostly by Samurai/warrior characters. Involved mie. Popular in Edo, where shogunate lived.

Front 36

When were women banned from Kabuki?

Back 36

1629

Front 37

Who is Monzeamon?

Back 37

Best of Japanese playwrights, wrote domestic and history plays. Good at double-suicide love stories. Wrote Kabuki and Bunraku.

Front 38

What are historical plays (jidaimono)?

Back 38

Praised samurais and upper class culture through legends and history but couldn't use real names. Themes included chivalry and heroism.

Front 39

What is dance piece (shosagoto)?

Back 39

Dance with strong emotional flavor with or without story lines. Dancing is continuous throughout play.

Front 40

What is domestic play (sewamono)?

Back 40

Covered contemporary family life with a bit more realism.
Concerned with merchants or artisans (audience members)
Themes of duty vs. emotion

Front 41

What is dance-drama in Japanese theatre?

Back 41

Long dance elements
Usually quite visually striking
Had some dialogue
Looking to distill verbal essence through the body

Front 42

What are onnagat?

Back 42

Men who play women in Kabuki theatre. Seen as doubleness.
Men trained whole life to play this kind of role

Front 43

What is wagoto?

Back 43

Gentle acting style used by male lover characters in Kabuki. Popular in Kyoto.

Front 44

What is mie?

Back 44

Moments where things are punctuated using freezes in rough stances

Front 45

What is hanamichi?

Back 45

Flowered path used in Kabuki theatre. Raised walkway extending from SR through auditorium into green room. Used for exits/entrances and more staging space.

Front 46

What caused theatrical sentimentalism?

Back 46

1. Print culture
2. Moral sense philosophy
3. colonial expansionism
4. Demise of absolute monarch
5. Rise of merchant middle class
6. Morally based anti-theatricalism

Front 47

What are the ideas behind sentimentalism?

Back 47

1. Middle class heroes
2. Benevolent Paternalism over monarchial power
3. Sense of emotion, community and trust over distance
4. Virtuous behavior is awarded
5. People are innately good but act evil because of bad environment

Front 48

What was early sentimentalism a response to?

Back 48

Comedy of manners

Front 49

Who was George Farquhar?

Back 49

English transitional playwright. His stuff wasn't quite restoration or sentimentalism but a combination.

Front 50

What are laughing comedies?

Back 50

Response to sentimentalism. They were purely funny (bringing the funny back to comedies, less mixing of genres)

Front 51

What are Bourgeois Tragedies?

Back 51

Middle class is the focus, later called domestic tragedies, serious plays depicting middle class problems. An example is London Merchant.

Front 52

What is English Pantomime?

Back 52

Influenced by comedia dell'arte, draw some source from classical comedy, farcical and topical satire, originally performed as afterpieces but got very popular.

Front 53

Who is John Rich?

Back 53

Son of Christopher rich, invented pantomime. "Rich gets gay, Gay gets rich." Also originated Beggars' Opera.

Front 54

Who is Harlequine?

Back 54

Character in pantomimes. WIley, servant character, magically transitioned scenes.

Front 55

What is Ballad Opera?

Back 55

Response to Italian opera popular with aristocracy in 18th century England. Drew lots of conventions of opera, dialogue interspersed with lyrics and set to popular tunes. It was opera for regular people.

Front 56

What is Satirical Burlesque?

Back 56

Made fun of real people (thin SNL), Walpole hated this and banned it but it was continued on fairgrounds.

Front 57

What is nachspiel?

Back 57

It's German form of British "night scenes" or afterpieces in a play.

Front 58

Who is Johann Gottsched?

Back 58

German playwright in 18th century, mimicked French neoclassicism despite wanting to create new German identity.

Front 59

Who is Caroline Neuber?

Back 59

First female manager. Made reforms (monitored actor's lives, made strict rehearsals, gave actors responsibilities, banned hanswurst from plays)

Front 60

Who is Lessing?

Back 60

German playwright, looked to England as model of theatre (esp. Shakespeare), wrote book on dramaturgy offering non-neoclassical interpretation of the Poetics). He was anti-French neoclassicism. Interested in middle genres. First monetarily successful playwright

Front 61

Who is Katzebue?

Back 61

1.Most popular German playwright in Western world by 19th century.
2. Not 'big idea' plays but brought lots of spectacle, titillating plots without delving too deep into ideas
3. wrote very sentimental plays, a precursor to melodrama,
4. morality is universal (not limited to middle class),
5. often his work was copied.