The Eye

Front 1

sx of macular degeneration

Back 1

loss of central vision

Front 2

types of macular degeneration

Back 2

exudative: less common, more severe --> sudden visual loss from leakage of fluid into retina --> abnormal bv formation
non-exudative: atrophy anda degeneration of central retina, drusen forms under the pigment

Front 3

clinical findings of glaucoma

Back 3

increaed iop
damage ot optic nerve
irreversible vision loss
loss of ganglion cells --> atrophy of optic disk
cup gets bigger

Front 4

2 types of glaucoma

Back 4

open angle: painless, silent dz course, impaired outflow of aqueous humor
closed angle: occlusion of a narrow angle, very painful with eye dilation. eye is red and painful, n/v/ha **pupil becomes non-reactive**

Front 5

clinical findings of subconjunctival hemorrhage

Back 5

red blotchy portions of the eye
non an emergency, looks worse than it is

Front 6

tx of subconjunctival hemorrhage

Back 6

resolves in a few weeks on its own, but cold compresses can help

Front 7

clinical findings of blepharitis

etiology

Back 7

inflamed eyelid, usually from staph infx
eyelid is red, swollen and crusted
foreign body sensation

Front 8

tx of blepharitis

Back 8

lid scrubs and compress, topical abx if severe

Front 9

clinical findings of episcleritis

Back 9

inflamed bv lining sclera
irritation, dull ache, watery d/c
sclera are blotchy

Front 10

tx of episcleritis

Back 10

self limited
nsaids can be used for symptom relief

Front 11

clinical findings of scleritis

Back 11

significant eye pain
ocular redness
visual impairment
pain on palpation of eyeball

Front 12

tx of scleritis

Back 12

topical or systemic steroids

Front 13

clinical findings of superficial keratitis

Back 13

inflammation of corneal epithelium
--> impaired vision and eye pain
slit lamp eval: under cobalt blue + fluorescein dye, shows micro-erosions of corneal epithelium

Front 14

clinical findings of anterior uveitis

Back 14

red around the cornea
blurred vision
pain
photophobia
constricted pupil

Front 15

clinical findings of herpes simplex keratitis

Back 15

dentrite seen on cornea (with fluoroscein staining)
blindness if not treated
ocular irritation and photophobia

Front 16

which eye conditions are associated with systemic dz

Back 16

anterior uveitis
episcleritis scleritis

Front 17

which hsv is related to hsv keratitis

Back 17

hsv 1

Front 18

sx of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis

Back 18

rapid onset of copious, purulent exudate
--> blindness very quickly

Front 19

what organism is related to hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis

Back 19

n. gonorrhea

Front 20

tx of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis

Back 20

im ceftriaxone

Front 21

who to suspect of having hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis

Back 21

sexually active young adult with rapid onset of copious purulent exudate

Front 22

what is the #1 cause of blindness worlwide

Back 22

trachoma

Front 23

clinical features of trachoma

Back 23

chronic conjunctival scarring

Front 24

2 types of conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia

Back 24

trachoma
inclusion conjunctivitis

Front 25

clinical findings of inclusion conjunctivitis

Back 25

there is no scarring or blindness risk
follicles are seen on inner margin of eye

Front 26

tx of chlamydial conjunctivitis

Back 26

oral tetracycline, doxy, or erythromycin

tx partners too!

Front 27

#1 cause of white reflex in children

Back 27

congenital cataracts

Front 28

sx of retinal detachment

Back 28

floaters
flashes of light
grey elevated retina
peripheral loss of vision (as opposed to macular degeneration or optic neuritis)

Front 29

sx of choroidal rupture

Back 29

central scotoma
retinal edema
macular detachment
subretinal hemorrhage

Front 30

etiology of choroidal rupture

Back 30

usually from blunt ocular trauma

Front 31

sx of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Back 31

decreased visual acuity
neovascularization

Front 32

clinical findings of cmv retinitis

Back 32

yellow-white patches of retinal opacifications, and retinal hemorrhage

pts usually asx

Front 33

tx of cmv retinitis

Back 33

ganciclovir or foscarnet

Front 34

vision defect in hypperosmolar hyperglycemic diabetic coma

pathophysiology

Back 34

blurry vision
from hyperosmolarity

Front 35

dacrocystitis

Back 35

infection of lacrimal sac from obx at nasolacrimal duct
--> pain, swelling, tenderness, redness
expression of mucous or pus

Front 36

sx in optic neuritis

Back 36

central scotoma
afferent pupillary defect
changes in color perception
decreased visual acuity

Front 37

clinical findings of htn retinopathy

Back 37

av nickeing
copper/silver wiring
exudates
hemorrhage
no sx of visual impairment

Front 38

pathophys of htn retinomapthy

Back 38

focal spasm of arterioles, progressive sclerosis and narrowing

Front 39

types of dm retinopathy

Back 39

1. microaneurysms, hemorrhage, exudates, retinal edema --> vision changes
2. pre-proliferative changes (cotton wool spots)
3. Prolferative (newly formed bv)

Front 40

how can complications of dm retinopathy be prevented

Back 40

with laser photocoag