Study Guide 3

Front 1

Describe conditions that may result in clumped dispersion, uniform dispersion, and random dispersion of individuals in a population.

Back 1

Clumped- Animals groups together where food is abundant

Uniforms- Animals are spread out, maintained by aggressive interactions between neighbors.

Random- Plants and flowers grow in random areas due to windblown seeds

Front 2

Describe characteristics of populations that exhibit Type I, Type II, and Type III surviroship curves.

Back 2

Type I- stead line until older age then drops steaply (humans)

Type II- intermediate, a constant death rate over the organisms life span.

Type III- curve drops shortly at the start then flattens out after the early period.
(oyster before shell)

Front 3

Define and distinguish between semelparity and iteroparity. Explain what factors may favor the evolution of each life history strategy.

Back 3

Semelparityis A life history in which adults have but a single reproductive opportunity to produce large numbers of offspring, such as the life history of the Pacific salmon; also known as big-bang reproduction.
Iteroparity is A life history in which adults produce large numbers of offspring over many years; also known as repeated reproduction.
In unperdictable environments semelparity is favored since survival rate is low but there are many offsprings. Iterparity will be favored in a more dependable environment for resources could be limited

Front 4

Explain, with examples, how limited resources and trade-offs may affect life histories.

Back 4

Reproducing with limited resource will cause the parents surival rate to decline as a trade off to raise its young

Front 5

Compare the exponential model of population growth with the logistic model

Back 5

exponential population growth is The geometric increase of a population as it grows in an ideal, unlimited environment.

logistic population growth is A model describing population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity.

Front 6

Explain how an environments carrying capacity affects the per capita rate of increase of a population

Back 6

As the per capita rate of increase approaches zero the carrying capacity is reached

Front 7

distinguish between r-selected populations and K-selected populations

Back 7

r-selection
The concept that in certain (r-selected) populations, a high reproductive rate is the chief determinant of life history.

K-selection
The concept that in certain (K-selected) populations, life history is centered around producing relatively few offspring that have a good chance of survival.

Front 8

Explain how density-dependent factors affect population growth

Back 8

Competition for resources

Territoriality(cheetas)

Disease(bad health)

Predation(preditors increase)

Front 9

Describe boom-and-bust population cycles, explaining possible causes of lynx/hare fluctuations

Back 9

Boom-and-bust cycles are unpredictable intervals. In lynx and hares, the cycles may have been caused by food shortages during winter. Second the cycles may be due to predator-prey interactions.

Front 10

Describe the history of human population growth

Back 10

After the industrail revolution our population has skyrocketed.

Front 11

Define the demographic transition

Back 11

A shift from zero population growth in which birth rates and death rates are high to zero population growth characterized instead by low birth and death rates.