Staar U.s. History

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First permanent English settlement

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Jamestown

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Mayflower Compact

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1620

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Thomas Jefferson

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wrote the Declaration of Independence

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Constitution of the United States

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1787

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Louisiana Territory

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purchased by Thomas Jefferson in 1803

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tariff

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tax placed on goods brought into a country

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civil disobedience

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refusal to obey governmental law

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first representative government in the new world

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House of Burgesses

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Fundamental orders of Connecticut

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first written constitution in the colonies

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Thomas Hooker

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founded Connecticut

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Roger Williams

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founded Rhode Island

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William Penn

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founded Pennsylvania for the Quakers

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John Locke

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believed that people had natural rights of life, liberty, and protection of property

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The Enlightenment

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spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society

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First Great Awakening

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religious movement proclaiming salvation for all

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Treaty of Paris 1763

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Ended French and Indian War

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Mercantilism

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economic theory that a country's strength is measured by the amount of wealth it has

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Proclamation of 1763

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closed the land west of the Appalachians to settlers

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The Sugar Act

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tax placed on foreign sugar

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The Stamp Act

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tax on printed material

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The Townshend Acts

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tax on imported items such as glass, lead, silk, tea, and paper

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The Tea Act

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resulted in the Boston Tea Party

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The Coercive Acts

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British reaction to the Boston Tea Party

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Tyranny

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cruel and unjust government

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Unalienable rights

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cannot be given up, taken away, or transferred

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Lexington

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First shots of the American Revolution

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Concord

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first real battle of the American Revolution

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turning point of the American Revolution

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Saratoga

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last battle of the American Revolution

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Yorktown

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Treaty of Paris 1783

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ended the American Revolution

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Articles of Confederation

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First American Constitution

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first document that limited power of the ruler

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Magna Carta

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English Bill of Rights

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protected the rights of English citizens

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The Great Compromise

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plans for government creating two houses of Congress

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means two houses

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bicameral

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Three-fifths Compromise

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counted slaves for the purposes of both representation and taxation

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approve by vote

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ratify

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supported strong central government

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Federalists

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AntiFederalists

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preferred more power given to the states

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written by James Madison

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The Federalists papers

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The Bill of Rights

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first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution

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states "Congress shall make no law" restricting freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition

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First Amendment

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Second Amendment

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Right to bear arms

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forbids government to order private citizens to allow soldiers to live in their homes

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Third Amendment

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requires warrants be issued if property is to be searched or seized

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Fourth Amendment

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Fifth Amendment

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due process

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Sixth Amendment

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right to speedy and public trial

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right to a trial by jury

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Seventh Amendment

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prohibits cruel and unusual punishment

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Eighth Amendment

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Ninth Amendment

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people have rights other than those specifically mentioned in the Constitution

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Tenth Amendment

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powers not given to the Federal government belong to the states

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government for and by the people

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democracy

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Republic

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nation which voters choose representatives

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Separation of Powers

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each branch has its own powers

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Checks and balances

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each branch has the power to control the others

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to change

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amend

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George Washington

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"entangling alliances"

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Nullification

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state declaring federal law illegal

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The War of 1812

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between Britain and U.S. over impressment of soldiers

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Treaty of Ghent

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ended war of 1812

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Marbury vs. Madison

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Gave the Supreme Court right to determine whether a law violates the Constitution

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Andrew Jackson

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responsible for the Trail of Tears

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belief United States should own all the land from the Pacific to the Atlantic

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Manifest Destiny

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ended the Mexican War

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Treaty of Guadalupe - Hidalgo

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Gadsden Purchase

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bought for the building of the railroad

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Industrial Revolution

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change from household industries to factory production

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Free Enterprise

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freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with minimal government regulation

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Capitalism

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economic system based on private property

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Robert Fulton

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steamboat

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Cotton Gin

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Eli Whitney

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Bessemer steel process

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first inexpensive industrial process for mass steel production

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Erie Canal

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linked New York with the west

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campaign against drinking or selling alcohol

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The Temperance Movement

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Frederick Douglas

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best know black abolitionist

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conductor of the Underground Railroad

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Harriet Tubman

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Susan B. Anthony

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created the women's rights movement

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strong sense of loyalty to a state or section

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sectionalism

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Dred Scott v. Sanford

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said slaves were property not citizens

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First shots of the Civil War

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Fort Sumter

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Turning point of the Civil War

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Battle of Gettysburg

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Appomattox Court House

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where the Civil War ended

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Antietam

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bloodiest battle of the Civil War

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President of the Confederacy during the Civil War

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Jefferson Davis

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Ulysses S. Grant

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General of the Union Army

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Robert E. Lee

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General of the Confederate Army

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16th president of the United States

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Abraham Lincoln

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13th Amendment

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abolished slavery

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rights to all people born or naturalized

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14th amendment

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15th amendment

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right to vote

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suffrage

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the right to vote

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The First Continental Congress convened during this Era

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Revolutionary

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Great Compromise

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Virginia Plan/New Jersey Plan

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Large debts from American Revolution

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problem with Washington's presidency

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geographical influence

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natural harbors for transportation

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Northwest Ordinance

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resolution to conflict over westward expansion

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The Puritans, Roger Williams, and Anne Hutchinson

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establishment of religious freedom

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John Paul Jones

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commanded a victory at sea over the British Army

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Alexander Hamilton

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believed in a strong national government with adequate state powers

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Continental Army advantage

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knowledge of the terrain

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overriding of Presidential veto

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congress with 2/3 majority vote

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U.S. Constitution as an evolving document

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allows for processes for change

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Southern economy

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rich dark soil and long growing season

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rocky soil. short growing season

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Northern economy

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Bernado De Galvez, James Armistead, Wentworth Cheswell, and Haym Solomon

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patriots of the Revolutionary war