Sonography

Front 1

a malignat neoplasm arising from the bile duct

Back 1

cholangiocarcinoma

Front 2

congenital dialation of the common bile duct. usually found in children

Back 2

choledochal cyst

Front 3

stones in the biliary tree

Back 3

choledocholithiasis

Front 4

progressive obliteration of the extrahepatic and proximal intrahepatic bile ducts, as well as the gallbladder. Usually diagnosed within the first 2 weeks of life

Back 4

Billiary Atresia

Front 5

enzyme involved in protein metabolism. Increased in alcoholic hepatitis , jaudice and cirrhosis. Formerly called serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase SGPT

Back 5

ALT alanine aminotransferase

Front 6

enzyme involved in sythesis of amino acids. Elevated in acute hepatitis and cirrhosis. Formerly called serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase SGOT

Back 6

AST asparte aminotransferase

Front 7

Lactic dehydrogenase. Enzyme that catalyses the formation and removal of lactate. Elevated with liver disease.

Back 7

LDH

Front 8

A type of cholangiocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the common hepatic ducte bifurcation.

Back 8

Klatskin tumor

Front 9

Anemia resulting from distruction of red blood cells. Either congenital or acquired from a variety of causes including various infections

Back 9

hemolytic anemia

Front 10

Fibrous membrane that surrounds the liver, as well as the portal triads within the liver

Back 10

Glisson's capsule

Front 11

Gamma glutamyl transferase Billiary enzyme that increases with obstructive jaudice and liver disease.

Back 11

GGT

Front 12

Infiltration of hepatocytes by lipids. Eventually results in fat cells being surrounded by fibrous material. Common cause include hepatitis, diabetis, metabolic disorders, and pregnancy. May be focal or diffuse.

Back 12

Fatty infiltration

Front 13

the extrahepatic portal vein becomes thombosed and is replaced by numerous collateral veins in the portal hepatis

Back 13

Cavernous Transformation of the portal vein

Front 14

Enzyme that catalyses the cleavage of inorganic phosphate elevated with biliary obstruction

Back 14

alkaline phosphate

Front 15

the point at which the common bile duct and pancreatic duct enter the duodenum

Back 15

ampula of vater

Front 16

vein that arises from the splenic vein in the midline and courses superior and to the left. Becomes dilated in the setting of portal hypertension.

Back 16

coronary vein

Front 17

enlarged, palpable gallbladder. Results from distal obstruction of the common bile duct secondary to a pancreatic head mass

Back 17

Courvoisier Gallbaldder.

Front 18

Drains the gallbaldder. Joins common hepatic duct to form the CBD

Back 18

cystic duct

Front 19

disease process in which large quantities of glycogen are abnormally deposited within the liver, resulting in fatty infiltration and tumors.

Back 19

Glycogen storage disease

Front 20

Inflammation of the liver due to viral infection of less commonly, autoimmune disease. May be acute or may become chronic after an acute episode.

Back 20

Hepatitis

Front 21

Diffuse disease affecting the liver parenchyma such as cirrhosis, fatty infiltrationor hepatitis

Back 21

Hepatocellular disease

Front 22

portal vein flow away from the liver. This patter can be seen in patients with severe portal hypertation

Back 22

hepatofugal

Front 23

normal portal vein flow, toward the liver

Back 23

hepatopetal

Front 24

Yellow pigmentation of the skin due to excessive bilirubin accumulation. Usually secondary to liver or biliary disease

Back 24

jaudice(ictreus)

Front 25

Transverse fissue on the viscral surface of the liver in which the cbd , proper hepatic artery and mpv, run along side each other as they leave or enter liver

Back 25

porta hepatis

Front 26

portal vein, hepatic artery, biliary duct

Back 26

portal triad

Front 27

autoimmune disease resulting in irreversible destruction of the liver and bile ducts

Back 27

primary biliary cirrhosis

Front 28

Dilated vins

Back 28

varices

Front 29

increased portal venous pressure usually secondary to liver disease (most common cirrhosis) leads to dilation of the portal vein with splenic and superior mesenteric vein enlargemnt , splenomegally and formation of collaterals can also be caused by portal or splenic vein thrombosis

Back 29

portal hypertantion

Front 30

annular sheath of muscle contraction around the ampula of vater

Back 30

Sphincter of oddi

Front 31

Regenearing areas of hepatocytes surrounded by fibrotic septa

Back 31

regenerating nodule

Front 32

also called varices. Dilated veins that occur with protal hypertantion. Seen proncipally in the region of the portal hepatis, pancreas and splenic hilum

Back 32

collaterals

Front 33

portion of the biliary duct formed by the confluence of the righ and left hepatic ducts

Back 33

common hepatic duct

Front 34

progressive hepatocellular disease. Common cause include excessive alchohol or drug use and viral infection

Back 34

cirrhosis

Front 35

portion of the biliary duct formed by the confluence of the common hepatic duct and cystic duct

Back 35

cbd

Front 36

Yellowish pigment in bile formed by red blood cells breakdown. Increases with hepatic disorders in which metabolism is impared, such s cirrhosis or hepatitis. Also incrases with obstuctive disese such as gallstones. Bilirubin is classified as direct or indirct

direct -conjugated

indirect- unconjugaed

Back 36

bilirubin