Sociology Quiz 1

Front 1

Sociological perspective

Back 1

Systematic study of human behavior and human groups. Focuses on relationships and how societies change

Front 2

Sociological imagination

Back 2

Coined by wright mills. Awareness of the relationship between yourself and society. View ones culture from outside perspective. Go oast experiences.

Front 3

Can very personal things present social issues?

Back 3

Absolutely. Example: divorce

Front 4

All info must be tested or analyzed with other info. Common sense is not acceptable.

Back 4

True

Front 5

What 4 things contributed to the development of sociology?

Back 5

1. Industrial revolution

2. Success of the american/French revolutions

3. Geographical studies and imperialism of the time. (Democracy)

4. Success of the natural sciences

Front 6

Who is considered the founder of sociology?

Back 6

Auguste comte. He said scientific method should be applied to the study of society. Supported positivism.

Front 7

Who is the 2nd founder of sociology?

Back 7

Herbert spencer. He didnt want to use sociology to reform like comte. Thought society improved naturally. Supported Social Darwinism

Front 8

Who was karl marx?

Back 8

Not a sociologist. He developed the conflict perspective. Societies are built by class conflict (capitalist vs workers). Class conflict perspective.

Front 9

Who was Emile Durkheim?

Back 9

Supported social integration. Got sociology held as a separate academic discipline. Held first job appointment in the department in 1887. Thought suicide was inherited and focused on social factors. Human behavior cannot be individualized. We must always examine social forces.

Front 10

Who was max weber?

Back 10

A German sociologist. Disagreed that economics is not central force in social change, instead it is religion. Protestants being frugal created capitalism. Supported valuefree sociology.

Front 11

What is valuefree sociology?

Back 11

The idea that personal values should not affect research. We should be totally objective.

Front 12

What is functionalism/structural functionalism?

Back 12

Society progresses logically, and revolution is disruptive. Consists of pods that work together to provide stability. Family is one of the most important parts bc it presents universally. Not all parts are beneficial, some are dysfunctional (undermine equilibrium).

Front 13

What is the conflict perspective/marx perspective?

Back 13

Founded by karl marx. Sees 2 major social classes (capitalists and workers). Society develops by struggles between groups. Social structure is based on competition for resources. Divorce is due to change in power of women vs men.

Front 14

What perspectives use macrosociology?

Back 14

Structural functionalism and conflict perspective.

Front 15

What perspectives use microsociology?

Back 15

Interactionalist perspective.

Front 16

What is interactionalist/ symbolic perspective?

Back 16

Founded in US by George herbert. Observes minute ways of communication (smiles,frowns, body language). Human beings in a world of meaningful objects (relationships/symbols). Our behaviors depend on how we see ourself and others. New meanings of marriage have caused divorce rate change.

Front 17

Is it possible to use all 3 perspectives at the same time?

Back 17

No, it would be too overwhelming.

Front 18

Does conflict view always contradict functionalism?

Back 18

Yes!!

Front 19

Who was involved in functionalism?

Back 19

Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Robert Merton.

Front 20

Why does prostitution survive based on the structural functional perspective?

Back 20

It's a functional part of society.

Front 21

What did Reibert Merton add disagree with about the functionalist method?

Back 21

He disagreed with the bodily description and said structural parts have two major functions (manifest and latent).

Front 22

Are dysfunctions in the functionalist method always negative?

Back 22

No. Ex: prison gangs give guards jobs.

Front 23

Who was involved in conflict perspective?

Back 23

Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and W.E.B. Du Bois

Front 24

Who was involved in the interactionist method?

Back 24

George Herbert Mead, Charles Horton Cooley, and Erving Goffman.

Front 25

What was Erving Goffman's perspective involving human behavior (theatrics)?

Back 25

Our performance may be a part of our personalities. We play different roles in different social settings.

Front 26

What is operationalizing variables?

Back 26

Clearly stating your variables and what will be measured before attaching values to the variables.

Front 27

What is reliability and validity?

Back 27

Reliability- consistency of measurements.

Validity- actually measuring what you mean to measure

Front 28

What is rapport?

Back 28

Sense of trust between interviewer and interviewee. Establish it by starting broad then asking personal questions.

Front 29

Do self administered questionnaires have interview bias?

Back 29

Yes. Respondents try to give socially acceptable answers.

Front 30

What are structured vs unstructured interview questions?

Back 30

Structured= multiple choice.

Unstructured= openended

Front 31

What is secondary analysis?

Back 31

Analyzing data that has already been collected by others.

Front 32

What is unobtrusive measures?

Back 32

Observing the behavior of people who do not know someone is watching. Ethics violation.

Front 33

What is spurious correlation?

Back 33

A false relationship btwn 2+ variables that is caused by another variable. When a change in one variable changes another. Ex: crowding, delinquency, and income.

Front 34

To prove a cause an effect relationship, we need:

Back 34

1. Correlation between variables

2. Temporal priority (variable precedes change)

3. No spurious correlation

Front 35

What factors effect a researchers method choice?

Back 35

1. Resources

2. Subject access

3. Research purpose

4. Researchers background (pick familiar methods).

Front 36

Is it unethical for a researcher to misrepresent themselves?

Back 36

Yes!

Front 37

Explain Laud Humphrey's tearoom trade study...

Back 37

Oral sex in forest park restrooms. Btwn men. He was unethical because he became the watch queen and then became a part of health care research to visit their homes.

Front 38

Explain william zellner's study of autocide...

Back 38

He interviews family and friends of diseased saying that he was attempting to prevent future wrecks by analyzing emotional factors. Iffy on ethics, because what if someone would have thought about suicide and thought it was their fault or made connections based off him questions.

Front 39

Explain the Stanford county prison experiment....

Back 39

Prison violence is cause by the prison nature not people. Selected 27 participants out of 70 to participate ($15 a day). Only 24 showed up. Divided into guards and inmates. Within a week, experiment was shut down bc safety/mental health risks.

Front 40

What is culture?

Back 40

Language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and material objects that are passed from one generation to the next.

Front 41

What is positivism?

Back 41

Approaching knowledge by known facts, no speculation.

Front 42

What is a social structure?

Back 42

Any relatively stable pattern of social behavior.

Front 43

What are social functions?

Back 43

Consequences of social patterns for the operation of society.

Front 44

What does the social conflict approach ignore?

Back 44

Shared values and interdependence that unify members of society.

Front 45

Who was the first woman sociologist?

Back 45

Harriet Martineau (1802-1876)

Front 46

Who was Ida Wells Barnett?

Back 46

Born to slave parents but became a teacher and journalist.

Front 47

Who earned the first person of color doctorate?

Back 47

W.E.D. Du Bois. He also founded the Atlanta sociological lab (important for research in in early 20th century).

Front 48

What does the interactionist approach risk ignoring?

Back 48

Widespread influence of culture and class, gender, race,

Front 49

What is social exchange analysis?

Back 49

Social interaction is guided by what someone stands to gain or lose from interaction.

Front 50

Explain the Nacirema's body rituals...

Back 50

Lives in north America near Mexico and antilles. Cultural hero Notgnihsaw: three wampum across river Potomac and chopped down spirit of truth cherry tree. Highly developed market economy but portion of the day spent for rituals. Every house has atleast 1 shrine (# determines wealth). Box in wall holds ingredients from medicine men and herbalists (who must be given gifts in exchange). Holy mouth mem perform excruciatingly painful mouth rituals. Drilling into teeth to keep strong morals. Otherwise teeth fall out, gums bleed, jaws shrink, and friends desert them. In children it improves moral fiber. Daily ritual= hog hair in mouth with magic powder and move in certain motions. Men daily scrape their face with a sharp object. Women 4 times a month bake their head in an oven for 1 hour plus. They also have Latipso ceremonies for those severely sick. People rarely recover. Feasts to make people fat or skinny, boobs small or big. Sex is scheduled not discussed. A few women make living off people staring at boobs. Baby prevention= limiting intercourse to phases of moon and magic materials. Hide pregnancies. Birth is private (only mom). Rarely nurse children after birth.

Front 51

What are the three kinds of truth?

Back 51

1. Faith

2. Info from recognized experts

3. Simple agreement between a group of people.

Front 52

What does doing sociology mean?

Back 52

Learning about the social world

Front 53

What are the 3 ways to do research?

Back 53

Positivist sociology

Interpretive sociology

Critical sociology