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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is society?
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Society is the totality if all our interactive patterns, ie/ the economy, politics, the education system, religion, the family, etc. It is a very complex system and is it important to understand the connection between society and individuals which produces both restraints and blessings.
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Europe 1800’s
before and after |
Before 1800’s: life is slow, rural, mostly farming, families who worked for themselves, very traditional with little change, low technology, close extended families.
>>>Big changes around 1800: steam power, railroads, water power, factories, mills<<< After 1800’s: life is now fast-paced, more urban (towns and cities), people are paid laborers working for a boss, shift from extended to nuclear family. Working and Living conditions in London in the 1800’s: Work Conditions: very long hours, very crowded, low pay, unsafe conditions, child labor, no unions Living Conditions: non-sanitary conditions, no schooling or education for the unskilled working class, lots of crime, the creation of the police to protect the rich from the poor |
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a highly tense and explosive atmosphere which gave way to radical new political views
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Industrialization > cities > political revolution
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August Comte
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might be regarded as the first sociologist in that he coined the term “sociology” because he (an upper class individual) saw the need to study the “science of society” to predict, guide and control society to look out for his own people’s class and interests (to protect themselves from the poor)
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Herbert Spencer
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(1820-1903) Functional- Structural approach. His goal was to understand society. He saw society as a bucket of water, sand and oil – no matter how much you shake it, it still separates. Capitalism works like the bucket in that it allows ambitious smarter better people to get to the top and lazy, unskilled, poor remain on the bottom. He coined the term “survival of the fittest”. He was an advocate for capitalism and defended capitalist inequality.
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Karl Marx
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Conflict approach. Focused on the inequalities and injustices within society. The rich were rich because they exploited the workers. Workers could not get ahead, no matter how hard they worked and this leads to class tension and conflict.
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C Wright Mills
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He is the most influential sociologist in 20th Century America. He was an “academic generalist” having studied economics, politics, philosophy, languages history and sociology. He traveled and studied all over the world. Note his article “The Sociological Imagination” about personal troubles and public issues in which he criticized American sociology as being too reliant on psychology (behavior) and stressed the importance of history, economics, etc and a global view. Using sociological imagination can’t help the individual but it can benefit society by directing our attention to societal issues.
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Examples of using Social Imagination:
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I hurt my shoulder:
personal pain, can’t play sport, have to go to rehab and doctor versus let’s look at the healthcare system I was laid off: can’t find a job, can’t pay my bills versus let’s look at the economy and the educational system |
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Growing Up in Pittsburg (article):
using social imagination |
told is 1st person, quit school very young (child labor though was prohibited by unions), big industry (such as US steel) and industrial pollution, overall pollution (water, rivers, air), educational system, environmental clean-up
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Allentown (song lyrics by Billy Joel):
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we watched a great video (non MTV). Steel mill closed because cheaper elsewhere (not a unique case). Millions in similar situation unemployed. Look into political issues, economic issues, educational issues.
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What is society?
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Society is the totality if all our interactive patterns, ie/ the economy, politics, the education system, religion, the family, etc. It is a very complex system and is it important to understand the connection between society and individuals which produces both restraints and blessings.
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What was the environment in which sociology was born?
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Before 1800’s: life is slow, rural, mostly farming, families who worked for themselves, very traditional with little change, low technology, close extended families.
>>>Big changes around 1800: steam power, railroads, water power, factories, mills<<< After 1800’s: life is now fast-paced, more urban (towns and cities), people are paid laborers working for a boss, shift from extended to nuclear family. Working and Living conditions in London in the 1800’s: Work: very long hours, very crowded, low pay, unsafe conditions, child labor, no unions Living: non-sanitary conditions, no schooling or education for the unskilled working class, lots of crime, the creation of the police to protect the rich from the poor >>>a highly tense and explosive atmosphere which gave way to radical new political views<<< Industrialization > cities > political revolution |
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Who was Auguste Comte?
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might be regarded as the first sociologist in that he coined the term “sociology” because he (an upper class individual) saw the need to study the “science of society” to predict, guide and control society to look out for his own people’s class and interests (to protect themselves from the poor)
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Who was Herbert Spencer? England 1820-1900ish
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Functional- Structural approach. His goal was to understand society. He saw society as a bucket of water, sand and oil – no matter how much you shake it, it still separates. Capitalism works like the bucket in that it allows ambitious smarter better people to get to the top and lazy, unskilled, poor remain on the bottom. He coined the term “survival of the fittest”. He was an advocate for capitalism and defended capitalist inequality.
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Who was Karl Marx? German 1820-1900ish
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Conflict approach. Focused on the inequalities and injustices within society. The rich were rich because they exploited the workers. Workers could not get ahead, no matter how hard they worked and this leads to class tension and conflict.
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Who was C. Wright Mills?
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C. Wright Mills is the most influential sociologist in 20th Century America. He was an “academic generalist” having studied economics, politics, philosophy, languages history and sociology. He traveled and studied all over the world. Note his article “The Sociological Imagination” about personal troubles and public issues in which he criticized American sociology as being too reliant on psychology (behavior) and stressed the importance of history, economics, etc and a global view. Using sociological imagination can’t help the individual but it can benefit society by directing our attention to societal issues.
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Please discuss using C. Wright Mills' concept of "sociological imagination".
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I hurt my shoulder:
personal pain, can’t play sport, have to go to rehab and doctor versus let’s look at the healthcare system I was laid off: can’t find a job, can’t pay my bills versus let’s look at the economy and the educational system |
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Applying sociological imagination please provide a brief summary of the article "Growing up in Pittsburgh".
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told is 1st person, quit school very young (child labor though was prohibited by unions), big industry (such as US steel) and industrial pollution, overall pollution (water, rivers, air), educational system, environmental clean-up
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Applying sociological imagination please provide a brief summary of the song "Allentown" by Billy Joel.
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we watched a great video (non MTV). Steel mill closed because cheaper elsewhere (not a unique case). Millions in similar situation unemployed. Look into political issues, economic issues, educational issues.
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Who was C. Wright Mills?
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C. Wright Mills is the most influential sociologist in 20th Century America. He was an “academic generalist” having studied economics, politics, philosophy, languages history and sociology. He traveled and studied all over the world. Note his article “The Sociological Imagination” about personal troubles and public issues in which he criticized American sociology as being too reliant on psychology (behavior) and stressed the importance of history, economics, etc and a global view. Using sociological imagination can’t help the individual but it can benefit society by directing our attention to societal issues.
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What are the components of culture?
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the values and norms of a people such as:
habits customs and traditions beliefs language art recreational habits music food religion |
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Please define values and norms.
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Values are the guiding principles of a society.
Norms are the rules, do’s and don’t’s. examples: value is honesty/norm is don’t lie and don’t cheat value is success/ norm is work hard |
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What are sanctions?
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Sanctions are measures in place which help enforce the norms (punishment reward)
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Examples of Values in our society
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Family values include obedience, respect for elders, marital fidelity, marital permanence, heterosexuality, romantic love
Political values include democracy, freedom, equality, patriotism, due process Economic values include individualism, self-reliance, competition, cooperation (which conflicts with competition), wealth, materialism, conservation (which conflict with materialism) |
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Please give a brief discussion on Body Ritual Among the Nacirema by Horace Miner (ethnocentrism).
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Anthropologist Horace Miner pokes fun at American culture and ethnocentrism and publishes this article in a reputable Anthropology periodical.
Note: cleansing rituals (aka bathrooms), holy mouth men (aka dentists), medicine men (doctors), herbalists (pharmacists), latipso (hospital), etc |
