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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Culture
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the values, beliefs, behavior, and material objects that, together, form a people's way of life
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What are the 2 types of culture
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material and nonmaterial culture
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Nonmaterial Culture
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The intangible world of ideas created by members of a society, which include normative culture and cognitive culture.
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Material Culture
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The tangible things created by members of a society.
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Culture Shock
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Disorientation due to the inability to make sense out of one's surroundings as one moves from a cultural setting to another. Ex: Domestic and foreign travel.
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Ethnocentrism
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A biased "cultural yardstick"
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Cultural Relativism
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More accurate understanding
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Symbols
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Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share culture.
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Reality for humans is found in the meaning things carry with them.
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The basis of culture; makes life possible.
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People must be mindful that meanings vary from culture to culture.
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This is why Americans are called "ugly" at times.
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Meanings can vary greatly within the same groups of people.
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Ex: Fur coats, confederate flags.
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Language
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A system of symbols that allows people to comminucate with one another.
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Cultural Transmission
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the process by which one generation passes culture to the next.
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
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People perceive the world throught the cultural lens of language.
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Non-verbal language
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You must beware of using gestures.
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What is the 2nd most common Chinese dialect?
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Cantonese
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Values
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Culturally defined standards of desirability, goodness, and beauty which serve as broad guidelines for social living. Values support belief.
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Belief
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Specific statements that people hold to be true.
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List Robin Williams 10 widespread values that are central to our American way of life
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Equal opportunity, achievement and success, material comfort, activity and work, practicality and work, progress, science, democracy and free enterprise, freedom, and racism and group superiority.
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Norms
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Rules and expectations by which society guides the behavior of its members.
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What are the 2 types of norms?
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Proscriptive and prescriptive.
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Proscriptive norms
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the should nots, prohibited.
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Prescriptive norms
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the shoulds. prescribed like medicine
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Folkway
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customary and havitual ways people do things in society, such as shaking hands, and using a fork and knife to eat.
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Mores
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Proper and rightful ways fo doing things in society. It is connected with ethics and morality.
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Laws
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Things and behavior people must do and follow because they are important to the public safety and social order. Laws are the strongest norms.
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Social control
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various means by which members of society encourage conformity to norms.
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Guilt
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a negative judgment we make about ourselves
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Shame
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the painful sense that others disapprove of our actions.
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Ideal culture
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the way things should be. social patterns are mandated by values and norms.
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Real Culture
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The way things actually occur in everyday life. Social patterns that only approximate cultural expectations.
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What are 4 types of cultural diversity?
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High culture, popular culture, subculture, and counterculture.
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High Culture
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Cultural patterns that distinguish and society's elite.
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Popular Culture
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Cultural patterns that are widespread among society's population.
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Subculture
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Cultural patterns set apart some segment of society's population
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Countercultural
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cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society.
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Multiculturalism
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an educational program recognizing the cultural diversity of the united states and promoting the equality of all cultural traditions.
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Eurocentrism
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the dominance of European (especially English) cultural patterns.
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Afrocentrism
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The dominance of Affrican cultural patterns
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Cultural integration
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the close relationships among various elements of a cultural system. Ex: computers and changes in our language.
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Culture Lag
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the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others, which may disrupt a cultural system. Ex: medical procedures and ethics.
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What are 3 ways that culture changes?
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Invention, discovery, and diffusion.
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Invention
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creating new cultural elements. Ex: telephone or airplane
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Discovery
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recognizing and better understanding of something already in existence. Ex: x-rays or DNA
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Diffusion
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the spread of cultural traits from one society to another. Ex: jazz music or much of the english language.
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The basic thesis of a global culture.
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The flow of goods, the flow of information, and the flow of people.
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The Flow of goods
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material product trading has never been as improtant. Some hate what can be called teh "americanization of the world"
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The flow of information
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There are few if any places left on earth where worldwide communication is not possible.
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The flow of people
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knowledge means people learn about places on earth where they fell life may be better.
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List the problems with the basic thesis of global culture.
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All the flows have been uneven. Assumes affordability of goods. people dont attach the same meaning to material goods.
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Structural function theoretical analysis
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culture is a complex strategy for meeting human needs. cultural universals-traits that are part of every known culture and include family, funeral rites, and jokes. Critical evaluation-ignores cultural diversity and downplays improtance of change.
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Social conflict theoretical analysis
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Cultural traits benefit some members at the expense of others. Approach rooted in Karl Marx and materialism-societ's system of material production has a powerful effect on the rest of a culture. Critical evaluation-understates the ways cultural patterns integrate members into society.
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Sociobiology theoretical analysis
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A theoretical paradigm that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture. Approach rooted in Charles Darwin and evolution-living organisms change over long periods of time based on natural selection. Critical evaluation-may be used to support racism and sexism. Little evidence to support theory, people learn behavior withing a cultural system.
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Culture as constraint
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we only know our world in terms of our culture.
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Culture as freedom
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culture is changing and offers a variety of opportunities
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