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131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Halo Nevus
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Sharp oval or circle, Depigmented halo around mole, usually benign, on back, halo repigments
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Intradermal nevus
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Dome shaped, raised, cells limited to dermis, flesh to black color, may have hair, soft flabby wrinkled surface, no need to remove
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Junction nevus
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Flat or slightly elevated, Uniformly dark brown, nevus cells in dermoepidermal junction, should be removed if exposed to repeated trauma
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Compound nevus
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Slightly elevated brownish papule, indistinct border, nevus cells in dermis or demo epidermal junction, remove if exposed to trauma
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Hairy nevus
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May be present at birth, may cover large area, hair growth may be later, remove if changes occur
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Normal nondysplastic mole
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Uniformly tan or brown, clearly defined border, begins flat may become raised, usually small, typical adult has 10-40, usually on sun exposed areas
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Dysplastic moles
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Mixed color, irregular borders, may have flat portion, may be smooth, rough, or scaly, often large, most commonly on back, also on scalp, breast, and buttocks
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Cause of skin darkening brown
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Pituitary, liver, adrenal disease; or nevi, neurofibromatosis
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Cause of white skin
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Albinism, vitiligo
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Cause of red skin
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Inflammation, fever, viral exanthem, urticaria, polycythemia
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Cause of yellow skin
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Liver disease/jaundice due to bile, or hypothyroidism/increased vegetable intake due to carotene
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Cause of blue skin
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Cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases that lead to hypoxia! Found On lips, mouth, nail beds
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Purpura
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Red or purple nonblanchable, greater than 0.5 cm, caused by intravascular defects or infection
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Petechiae
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Red purple nonblanchable, less than 0.5 cm, caused by intravascular defects or infection
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Ecchymoses
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Red or purple nonblanchable, variable size, caused by bv wall destruction, trauma, vasculitis
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Spider angioma
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Red central body with radiating legs, blanch, caused by liver disease, vitamin B deficiency, idiopathic
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Venous star
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Bluish spider, does not blanch, caused by increased P in superficial veins
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Telangiectasia
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Fine irregular red lines, caused by dilated capillaries
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Capillary hemangioma aka nevus flammeus
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Red irregular macular patches, caused by dilation of dermal capillaries
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Skin smells like rotten apples
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Clostridium gas gangrene
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Skin smells mousy
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Proteus infection
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Skin smells grape like
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Pseudomonas infection, especially burns
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Skin smells pungent
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Schizophrenia
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Skin smells like stale beer
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Tuberculosis lymphadenitis (scrofula)
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Skin smells putrid
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Anaerobic infection, scurvy
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Skin smells feculent
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Intestinal obstruction, peritonitis
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Skin smells mousy or musty
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PKU
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Macule
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Flat circumscribed lesion less than 1cm, ex. Freckle, nevi, petechia, measles, scarlet fever
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Papule
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Elevated firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm, ex. Wart, mole, lichen planus
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Patch
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Flat, nonpalpable, irregular shaped
Macule greater than 1 cm, ex. Vitiligo, port wine stains, Mongolian spots, cafe au last patch |
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Plaque
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Elevatrd, firm, rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1cm, ex. Psoriasis, seborrheic, actinic keratosis
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Wheal
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Elevated, irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema, solid, transient, variable size; ex. Insect bites, urticaria, allergic reaction
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Nodule
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Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion, deeper in dermis than a papule, 1-2cm in diameter, ex. Erythema nodosum, lipoma
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Tumor
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Elevated and solid lesion, may or may not be clearly demarcated, deep in dermis, greater than 2cm, ex. Neoplasms, benign, lipoma
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Vesicle
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Elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis, filled with serous fluid, less than 1cm, ex. Chicken pox, herpes, shingles
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Bulla
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Vesicle greater than 1cm, ex. Blister, pemphigus vulgaris
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Pustule
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Elevated superficial lesion, similar to VesicleElevated but filled with pursuant fluid, ex. Impetigo, acne
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Cyst
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Elevated circumscribed encapsulated lesion, in dermis or subcutaneous layer, filled with liquid or semisolid material ex. Sebaceous cyst, cystic acne
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Scale
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Heaped up keratinization flaky skin, dry or oily, vary in size, ex. Seborrheic dermatitis, scarlet fever, drug run, dry skin
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Lichenification
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Rough thickened epidermis secondary to rubbing, itching, or irritation, often on flexor surface, ex. Chronic dermatitis
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Keloid
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Irregular shape, elevated, enlarging scar, caused by excessive collagen formation after surgery
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Scar
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Thin to thick fibrous tissue after wound heals
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Excoriation
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Loss of epidermis, linear hollowed out crusted area, ex. Abrasion or scratch, scabies
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Fissure
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Linear crack or break from epidermis to dermis, moist or dry, ex. Athletes foot, corner of mouth
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Erosion
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Loss of part of the epidermis, depressed, moist, glistening, follows rupture of vehicle or bulla, ex. Varicella
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Ulcer
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Loss of epidermis and dermis, concave, variable size, ex. Decubitus, stasis ulcers
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Crust
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Dried serum, blood, or pus, slightly elevated, scab or eczema
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Atrophy
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Thinning of skin, loss of markings, translucent and paper like, ex. Striae and aged skin
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Shape of nummular eczema lesions
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Round or discoid
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Shape of pity raisins roses lesions
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Oval
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Shape of Tinea corporis, sarcoidosis lesion
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Annular (clearing in center)
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Color of malignant melanoma
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Black
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Color of basal cell carcinoma
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Pearly white
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Where is psoriasis usually found
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Extensor aspect of extremities
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Alopecia
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Hair loss
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Hirsutism (in women)
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Growth of terminal hair in a male distribution pattern on the face, body, and pubic area; sign of possible endocrine disorder
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Yellow nail discoloration indicates...
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Psoriasis, fungal infection, HIV, chronic respiratory disease
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Diffuse darkening of the nails may arise from...
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Anti malarial drug therapy, Candida's infection, hyperbilirubinemia, chronic trauma
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Green or black nail discoloration caused by...
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Pseudomonas infection (painless)
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Blue nails caused by...
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Cyanosis, asthma, anemia, cardiac disorders, silver poisoning, medication side effects, Wilson disease of copper metabolism
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Splinter nail hemorrhages caused by...
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Endocarditis, vasculitisSpider, severe psoriasis, habit tic deformity
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White spots (not bands) on nails result from...
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Mild trauma, cuticle manipulation
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White bands or streaks on nails indicate....
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Systemic disorder
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Anonychia
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Complete absence of the nail
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Clubbng is associated with...
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Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, colitis, thyroid disease
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Separationo of the nail plate from the nail bed is caused by...
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Psoriasis, trauma, Candida's or pseudomonas infections, some medications
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Acrocyanosis
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Cyanosis of the hands and feet, common in newborns
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Cutis marmorata
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Transient mottling when infant is exposed to decreased temperature
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Erythema toxicum
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Pink popular rash with vesicles superimposed on thorax, back, buttocks, and abdomen
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Mongolian spots
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Irregular areas of dark blue pigmentation, usually in sacral and gluteal regions of newborns from African, Asian, Latin descent
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What color is psoriasis
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Orange pink or salmon
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What color is neurofibroma
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Flesh
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What color is malignant melanoma
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Black or blue black
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What color is basal cell carcinoma
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Parly white
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What color is erysipelas
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Violaceus, light violet
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What color is lipoma
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Yellow and waxy
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Wat color is lichen planus
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White
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What color is eczema and pityriasis rosea
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Pink, light red undertones
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What color are most nevi and pityriasis versicolor
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Tan, brown
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What color are purpura and kaposi sarcoma
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Purple, dark red blue violet
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Separation of the nail plate from the bed results from...
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Psoriasis, trauma, pseudomonas infections, and some medications
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Boggy nail base indicates...
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Clubbing
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Jaundice is most easily observed where?
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Sclera of the eyes and the oral mucosa
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Faun tail Nevus
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Tuft of hair overlying the spinal column at birth, usually in the lumbo sacral area, may be associated with spina bifida
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Epidermal verrucous nevi
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Warty lesions in a linear or whirled pattern that may be pigmented or skin colored, present at birth or early childhood, associated with skeletal, central nervous system, and ocular abnormalities
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Cafe au lait patches
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Flat, evenly pigmented spots varying in color, larger than 5mm, present at birth, associated with neurofibromatosis, pulmonary stenosis, temporal lobe dysrythmia, and tubular sclerosis
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Freckling in e auxiliary or inguinal area
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Neurofibromatosis
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Ash leaf macule
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White maculeWhite at birth assoc. with tuberous sclerosis, usually on trunk, face, or limbs
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Separation of the nail plate from the bed results from...
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Psoriasis, trauma, pseudomonas infections, and some medications
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Facial port wine stain
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Involves ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve--> glaucoma
Or involves angiomatous malformation of the meninges, resulting in atrophy and calcification of cerebral cortex |
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Boggy nail base indicates...
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Clubbing
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Port wine stain of limb or trunk
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Accompanied by varicosities and hypertrophy of underlying soft tissue and bones, orthopedic problems
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Jaundice is most easily observed where?
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Sclera of the eyes and the oral mucosa
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Faun tail Nevus
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Tuft of hair overlying the spinal column at birth, usually in the lumbo sacral area, may be associated with spina bifida
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Epidermal verrucous nevi
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Warty lesions in a linear or whirled pattern that may be pigmented or skin colored, present at birth or early childhood, associated with skeletal, central nervous system, and ocular abnormalities
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Cafe au lait patches
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Flat, evenly pigmented spots varying in color, larger than 5mm, present at birth, associated with neurofibromatosis, pulmonary stenosis, temporal lobe dysrythmia, and tubular sclerosis
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Freckling in e auxiliary or inguinal area
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Neurofibromatosis
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Ash leaf macule
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White maculeWhite at birth assoc. with tuberous sclerosis, usually on trunk, face, or limbs
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Facial port wine stain
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Involves ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve--> glaucoma
Or involves angiomatous malformation of the meninges, resulting in atrophy and calcification of cerebral cortex |
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Port wine stain of limb or trunk
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Accompanied by varicosities and hypertrophy of underlying soft tissue and bones, orthopedic problems
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Congenital lymph edema with or without transient hemangiomas
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May be associated with gonadal dysgenesis caused by absence of an X chromosome (turner syndrome)
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Supernumerary nipples
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Congenital accessory nipples with or without glandular tissue, located along mammary ridge, assoc. with renal abnormalities, ESP. In whites
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Hair collar sign
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Ring of long dark coarse hair surrounding a midline scalp nodule in infants, neural tube disclosure defects of the scalp
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Dermatoglyphics
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Study of crease patterns on the palms and fingers. Ex. Simian crease with down syndrome
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Why are infants more susceptible to hypothermia?
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Poorly developed subcutaneous fat and large body surface area, inability to shiver
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Diagnosis of fibromatosis
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6 or more cafe au lait maculeWhite more than 5mm in diameter in prepubertal individuals or more than 15mm in diameter after puberty
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Milia
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Small, whitish discrete papules on the face, first 2-3mo of life, sebaceous glands plugged with sebum
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Sebaceous hyperplasia
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Numerous tiny yellow maculeWhite and papules in newborn, due to androgen stimulation from mother, occurs on forehead cheeks nose chin
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Tenting of skin
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During turgor test, indicates dehydration of more than 10% of body weight or poorly nourished skin
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Dennie-Morgan fold
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Extra crease below eye due to chronic rubbing and inflammation
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Characteristics of adolescent skin
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Increased oil, perspiration, and hair greasiness,increased sebum leads to acne,increased apocrine secretion, hair darkens and becomes coarse
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Molluscm fibrosum gravidarum
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In pregnant women, pedunculated or sessile skin tags on neck and upper chest form from epithelial hyperplasia, not inflammatory, resolve spontaneously
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Striae gravidarum
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Stretch marks on abdomen, thighs, and breasts during pregnancy, fade but do not disappear
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Skin of pregnant women
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More telangiectasis, pigmentation, nevi darken and grow, linea nigra, chloasma, palmar erythema! Hair grows
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Chloasma
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Blotchiness of face in pregnant women, usually symmetric
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Skin of old people
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Transparent, paler, thinner, drier, flaking or scaling may occur, parchment like, increased freckling and hypo pigmented patches, skin hangs loosely due to loss of elasticity and adipose tissue, skin wrinkles
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Old people at risk of developing
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Decubitus ulcers, purpura from aspirin therapy
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Cherry angiomas
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Tiny, bright red round papules, may become brown with time, in everyone over 30 almost
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Seborrheic keratosis
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Pigmented, raised, warty lesions on face or trunk, benign
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Actinic keratosis
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Look like seborrheic keratosis except they have malignant potential
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Sebaceous hyperplasia
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Yellow flattened papules with central depressions
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Acrochordon
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Small, soft skin tags on neck and upper chest, pedunculated, may or may not be pigmented
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Cutaneous horns
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Small hard projections of epidermis, on forehead and face
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Solar lentigines/ lentigo
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Irregular, round, gray-brown maculeWhite with a rough surface that occur in sun exposed areas, aka age spots aka liver spots
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Hair of old people
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Turns gray due to melanocytes ceasing function, head, body, pubic hair thins and becomes sparse and dry
In men, ear, nose, and eyebrow hair grows coarse. Balding symmetrically |
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Nails of old people
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Thicker, brittle, deformed, misshapen, striated, distorted, peeling, yellow, opaque
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Bald spots in children indicates...
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Ringworm usually
Sometimes trichotillomania |
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Stage 1 decubitus ulcer
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Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin, superficial or deep
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Stage 2 decubitus ulcer
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Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis or dermis, no subcutaneous tissue visible, lesions look like abrasion or shallow depression
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Stagw 3 decubitus ulcer
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Full thickness skin loss, subcutaneous tissue damaged or necrotic and invisible in the wound, fascia is intact
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Stage 4 decubitus ulcer
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Extend into bone or muscle, extensive damage and necrosis, prosthetic joints may be visible, sinus tract infection often present
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