Trapezius (origin, insertion and action)

Origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of thoracic (and cervical) vertebra Insertion: Clavical, acromion process, spine of the scapula (ie. the trapezius runs from the upper skeleton to the spine of the scapula) Action: Elevate scapula, upward rotation of the shoulder, adduction of the scapula

Rhomboids (origin, insertion and action)

Origin: C7-T5 Insertion: Medial border of the scapula Action: Adduction of the scapula when the rhomboids contract (inferior angle rotates inward)

Serratus anterior (origin, insertion and action)

Origin: Lateral surface of the upper 8 ribs Insertion: Medial border of the scapula (anterior surface) Action: Abducts the scapula and causes upward rotation of the point of the shoulder (used to throw muscles, throw punches)

Origin: Transverse processes of the upper 4 C vertebrae Insertion: Superior angle of scapula Elevates medial border of scapula.

Origin: Outer surface of ribs 3-5 Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula Action: Abducts (or protracts) scapula with the serratus anterior. Causes downward rotation of the point of the shoulder (in contrast to the serratus anterior)

Deltoid spinal (posterior) head

Origin: Spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Extension of the shoulder, lateral rotation of humerus

Deltoid acromial (lateral) head

Origin: Acromion Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Shoulder abduction

Clavicular (anterior) head

Origin: Clavicle Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Flexion of the shoulder, medial rotation of humerus

Origin: Medial part of the clavicle and costal cartilage of 1-6 ribs Insertion: Bicipital groove of humerous Action: Flexion of the shoulder, extension of a flexed shoulder, medial rotation of humerus, horizontal flexion

Origin: Back of the sacrum, L vertebrae, lower thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Bicipital groove of humerus Action: Shoulder extension, humerus medial rotation, humerus adduction (same as teres major)

What muscles are used for the medial rotation of the humerus?

Clavicular deltoid head Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Subscapularis Teres major

What muscles are involved with scapula abduction?

Trapezius (tugs on superior head and border of scapula), serratus anterior

What muscle is involved with shoulder abduction?

Acromial deltoid head & supraspinatus

Shoulder extension muscles

Spinal deltoid head, latissimus dorsi, teres major, long head of triceps

Humerus adduction muscles

Latissimus dorsi, teres minor, subscapularis

Lubodorsal aponeurosis

Layers of tendons that connect latissimus dorsi to lower spine.

[Rotator cuff muscle] Supraspinatus muscle

Oirgin: Supraspinatus fossa of the scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus Action: Strength and stability to shoulder joint; initiates shoulder abduction (deltoid takes over subsequent abduction)

[Rotator cuff muscle] Infraspinatus muscle

Oirgin: Infraspinatus fossa of the scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus Action: Provides strength to posterior component of the shoulder joint capsule; lateral rotation of the humerus

What muscles are involved with the lateral rotation of the humerus?

Infraspinatus muscle Spinal deltoid head Teres minor

[Rotator cuff muscle] Teres minor

Origin: Lateral border of the scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle below infraspinatus Action: Provides posterior support to shoulder joint, lateral rotation of humerus, adduction to humerus

[Rotator cuff muscle] Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa of the scapula Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus Action: Provides anterior strength to shoulder joint. Medial rotation of humerus. Adducts humerus.

Origin: Lateral border of the scapula Insertion: Bicipital groove of humerus Action: Shoulder extension, medial rotation as humerus (like lat dorsi)

[Biceps brachii] Short head

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity Action: Shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, forearm supination [Also part of elbow joint]

[Biceps brachii] Long head

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity Action: Shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, forearm supination [Also part of elbow joint]

[Triceps brachii] Long head

Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Insertion: Olecranon (ulna) Action: Shoulder & elbow extension [Also part of elbow joint]

[Triceps brachii] Medial head

Origin: Posterior/medial of humerus Insertion: Olecranon (ulna) Action: Elbow extension (not attached to shoulder) [Also part of elbow joint]

[Triceps brachii] Lateral head

Origin: Posterior lateral humerus Insertion: Olecranon (ulna) Action: Elbow extension (not attached to shoulder) [Also part of elbow joint]

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula Insertion: Medial side of humerus shaft Action: Shoulder flexion

Origin: Anterior shaft of humeruss Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna Action: Elbow flexion

From humerus shaft (right above lateral epicondyle) to styloid process of radius Action: Elbow flexion (when forearm is semi-pronated)

Lateral epicondyle of humerus to anterolateral surface of radius Action: Supination of forearm, assists in elbow extension

Brachialis Biceps brachii Pronator teres Brachioradialis Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus

[1st layer] Medial epicondyle of humerus to lateral surface of radius Assists in elbow flexion Used in forearm pronation

Layer of tendon covering palm, serves as insertion point for Palmaris Longus

Band of CT stretching from lateral carpal bones to medial carpal bones

Palmaris longus (which layer?)

[1st layer] Medial epicondyle of humerus to palmar aponeurosis For elbow and wrist flexion

Flexor carpi radialis (which layer?)

[1st layer] From the medial humerus epicondyle to the base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals. Passes under flexor retinaculum. Elbow & wrist flexion and abduction.

Flexor carpi ulnaris (which layer?)

[1st layer] From the medial humerus epicondyle to the base of 5th metacarpal. Passes under flexor retinaculum. Elbow & wrist flexion and adduction.

Flexor digitorum superficialis (which layer?)

[2nd layer] From the medial epicondyle of the humerus, coronoid process & radial shaft Attach to the middle phalanx of your 4 digits Flexion of: Elbow, wrist Metacarpal phalangeal and 1st interphalangeal joints

Flexor digitorum profundus (which layer?)

[3rd layer] From anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane to the distal 4 phalanx Flexion of: Wrist Metacarpal-phalangeal joint 1st and 2nd interphalangeal joints

Flexor pollicis longus (which layer?)

[3rd layer] From anterior radial shaft and interosseous membrane to the distal thumb phalanx Flexion of: Wrist Carpal-metacarpal Metacarpal-phalangeal Interphalangeal joints of the thumb

Pronator quadratus (which layer?)

4th layer Distal end of ulna to distal end of radius Pronation

Muscle tendons pass through X in tubes of Y membrane. When Y membranes are inflamed --> carpal tunnel syndrome

Muscle tendons pass through carpal tunnels in tubes of synovial membrane (provides a slippery surface). When synovial membrane is inflamed --> CTS

Hypothenar muscle group

On medial side of palm, opposite of thumb

Reach towards proximal phallanges, allow for adduction and abduction of phallanges

Allow for waving motion Flexion of the metacarpal/phalangeal joint + Extension of interphalangeal joint

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Skeletal Muscles

Skeletal Muscles

by Pylon, May 2013

Subjects: Human Anatomy

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58 Cards in this Set

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	Trapezius (origin, insertion and action)	Origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of thoracic (and cervical) vertebra Insertion: Clavical, acromion process, spine of the scapula (ie. the trapezius runs from the upper skeleton to the spine of the scapula) Action: Elevate scapula, upward rotation of the shoulder, adduction of the scapula
	Rhomboids (origin, insertion and action)	Origin: C7-T5 Insertion: Medial border of the scapula Action: Adduction of the scapula when the rhomboids contract (inferior angle rotates inward)
	Serratus anterior (origin, insertion and action)	Origin: Lateral surface of the upper 8 ribs Insertion: Medial border of the scapula (anterior surface) Action: Abducts the scapula and causes upward rotation of the point of the shoulder (used to throw muscles, throw punches)
	Levator scapula	Origin: Transverse processes of the upper 4 C vertebrae Insertion: Superior angle of scapula Elevates medial border of scapula.
	Pectoralis minor	Origin: Outer surface of ribs 3-5 Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula Action: Abducts (or protracts) scapula with the serratus anterior. Causes downward rotation of the point of the shoulder (in contrast to the serratus anterior)
	Deltoid spinal (posterior) head	Origin: Spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Extension of the shoulder, lateral rotation of humerus
	Deltoid acromial (lateral) head	Origin: Acromion Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Shoulder abduction
	Clavicular (anterior) head	Origin: Clavicle Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Flexion of the shoulder, medial rotation of humerus
	Pectoralis major	Origin: Medial part of the clavicle and costal cartilage of 1-6 ribs Insertion: Bicipital groove of humerous Action: Flexion of the shoulder, extension of a flexed shoulder, medial rotation of humerus, horizontal flexion
	Latissimus dorsi	Origin: Back of the sacrum, L vertebrae, lower thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Bicipital groove of humerus Action: Shoulder extension, humerus medial rotation, humerus adduction (same as teres major)
	What muscles are used to shrug?	Levator scapula and trapezius
	What muscles are used for the medial rotation of the humerus?	Clavicular deltoid head Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Subscapularis Teres major
	What muscles are involved with scapula abduction?	Trapezius (tugs on superior head and border of scapula), serratus anterior
	What muscle is involved with shoulder abduction?	Acromial deltoid head & supraspinatus
	What muscle is involved with the extension of the shoulder and lateral rotation of the humerus?	Spinal deltoid head
	Shoulder extension muscles	Spinal deltoid head, latissimus dorsi, teres major, long head of triceps
	Humerus adduction muscles	Latissimus dorsi, teres minor, subscapularis
	Lubodorsal aponeurosis	Layers of tendons that connect latissimus dorsi to lower spine.
	[Rotator cuff muscle] Supraspinatus muscle	Oirgin: Supraspinatus fossa of the scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus Action: Strength and stability to shoulder joint; initiates shoulder abduction (deltoid takes over subsequent abduction)
	[Rotator cuff muscle] Infraspinatus muscle	Oirgin: Infraspinatus fossa of the scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus Action: Provides strength to posterior component of the shoulder joint capsule; lateral rotation of the humerus
	What muscles are involved with the lateral rotation of the humerus?	Infraspinatus muscle Spinal deltoid head Teres minor
	[Rotator cuff muscle] Teres minor	Origin: Lateral border of the scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle below infraspinatus Action: Provides posterior support to shoulder joint, lateral rotation of humerus, adduction to humerus
	[Rotator cuff muscle] Subscapularis	Origin: Subscapular fossa of the scapula Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus Action: Provides anterior strength to shoulder joint. Medial rotation of humerus. Adducts humerus.
	Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis Acromion Coracoid process
	Teres major	Origin: Lateral border of the scapula Insertion: Bicipital groove of humerus Action: Shoulder extension, medial rotation as humerus (like lat dorsi)
	[Biceps brachii] Short head	Origin: Coracoid process of scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity Action: Shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, forearm supination [Also part of elbow joint]
	[Biceps brachii] Long head	Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity Action: Shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, forearm supination [Also part of elbow joint]
	[Triceps brachii] Long head	Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Insertion: Olecranon (ulna) Action: Shoulder & elbow extension [Also part of elbow joint]
	[Triceps brachii] Medial head	Origin: Posterior/medial of humerus Insertion: Olecranon (ulna) Action: Elbow extension (not attached to shoulder) [Also part of elbow joint]
	[Triceps brachii] Lateral head	Origin: Posterior lateral humerus Insertion: Olecranon (ulna) Action: Elbow extension (not attached to shoulder) [Also part of elbow joint]
	Coracobrachialis	Origin: Coracoid process of scapula Insertion: Medial side of humerus shaft Action: Shoulder flexion
	Brachialis	Origin: Anterior shaft of humeruss Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna Action: Elbow flexion
	Brachioradialis	From humerus shaft (right above lateral epicondyle) to styloid process of radius Action: Elbow flexion (when forearm is semi-pronated)
	Supinator	Lateral epicondyle of humerus to anterolateral surface of radius Action: Supination of forearm, assists in elbow extension
	Elbow flexion	Brachialis Biceps brachii Pronator teres Brachioradialis Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus
	Elbow extension	Triceps brachii Supinator
	Pronator teres	[1st layer] Medial epicondyle of humerus to lateral surface of radius Assists in elbow flexion Used in forearm pronation
	Palmar aponeurosis	Layer of tendon covering palm, serves as insertion point for Palmaris Longus
	Flexor retinaculum	Band of CT stretching from lateral carpal bones to medial carpal bones
	Palmaris longus (which layer?)	[1st layer] Medial epicondyle of humerus to palmar aponeurosis For elbow and wrist flexion
	Flexor carpi radialis (which layer?)	[1st layer] From the medial humerus epicondyle to the base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals. Passes under flexor retinaculum. Elbow & wrist flexion and abduction.
	Flexor carpi ulnaris (which layer?)	[1st layer] From the medial humerus epicondyle to the base of 5th metacarpal. Passes under flexor retinaculum. Elbow & wrist flexion and adduction.
	Flexor digitorum superficialis (which layer?)	[2nd layer] From the medial epicondyle of the humerus, coronoid process & radial shaft Attach to the middle phalanx of your 4 digits Flexion of: Elbow, wrist Metacarpal phalangeal and 1st interphalangeal joints
	Flexor digitorum profundus (which layer?)	[3rd layer] From anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane to the distal 4 phalanx Flexion of: Wrist Metacarpal-phalangeal joint 1st and 2nd interphalangeal joints
	Flexor pollicis longus (which layer?)	[3rd layer] From anterior radial shaft and interosseous membrane to the distal thumb phalanx Flexion of: Wrist Carpal-metacarpal Metacarpal-phalangeal Interphalangeal joints of the thumb
	Pronator quadratus (which layer?)	4th layer Distal end of ulna to distal end of radius Pronation
	Muscle tendons pass through X in tubes of Y membrane. When Y membranes are inflamed --> carpal tunnel syndrome	Muscle tendons pass through carpal tunnels in tubes of synovial membrane (provides a slippery surface). When synovial membrane is inflamed --> CTS
	Thenar muscle group	By the thumb
	Hypothenar muscle group	On medial side of palm, opposite of thumb
	Interossei muscles	Reach towards proximal phallanges, allow for adduction and abduction of phallanges
	Lumbricals	Allow for waving motion Flexion of the metacarpal/phalangeal joint + Extension of interphalangeal joint
	External intercostals move with ____-ation and pull ribs up/down	External intercostals (connect rib above to rib below) pull ribs up for inhalation
	Internal intercostals move with ____-ation and pull ribs up/down	Internal intercostals (connect from rib below to rib above) pull ribs down for exhalation
	Inguinal ligament	Separates abdominal from thigh, edge of the aponeurosis
	External abdominal oblique position and action	From ribs to inguinal ligament & illiac crest Flexion, lateral flexion (tilt to one side), rotation of trunk
	Internal abdominal oblique position and action	Fiber direction is perpendicular to external Goes from iliac crest to inferior ribs Flexion, lateral flexion (tilt to one side), rotation of trunk
	Transverse abdominalis	From iliac crest to linea alba Also compresses abdomen, aids with exhalation No other movement but contracts for bowel movements
	Rectus abdominis Why are they in short segments?	Pubis bone to xiphoid process Trunk flexion They're in short segments to make one long muscle because short muscles generate more force than long muscles

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