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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In all sensory systems, accessory structures:
a. activate specialized receptor structures. b. produce a conductive change that results in a receptor or generator potential. c. are electrically polarized cells (ie, having a resting membrane potential). d. modify, in some way, the stimulus going to the receptor surface. e. can have either mechanically-gated or chemically-gated ion channels. |
D. Correct
e.g., the auditory accessory structures (external & middle ear structures) funnel and amplify sound energy; the visual accessory structures focus light (e.g., cornea, lens) or regulate light entry (e.g., iris) |
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Receptor Potentials differ from Action Potentials (APs) in that:
a. only APs depend on movement of Na+ ions into the cell. b. only APs are produced by receptor cells. c. only APs involve the opening of voltage-gated ion channels. d. only APs involve a depolarization of the cell membrane. e. RPs are always produced by closing of open ion channels. |
C. Correct
Only APs involve the opening of voltage-gated ion channels. |
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Receptor potentials and Action potentials are similar in that:
a. they are produced by conductance changes due to the opening or closing of channels. b. their amplitudes adapt as the stimulus is maintained. c. their duration varies between 1 and 2 milliseconds. d. they are both all-or-none responses. e. their size is graded to the strength of the stimulus. |
A. Correct
They are produced by conductance changes due to the opening or closing of channels. |
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Stimuli produce, in the appropriate receptors, a change in the electrical properties that is known as:
a. the resting membrane potential. b. the conductance change. c. summation and adaptation. d. the receptor or generator potential. e. the action potential. |
D. Correct
The receptor or generator potential. |
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The properties of the receptor potential that allow receptors to code stimulus timing and duration are:
a. summation and adaptation. b. summation, adaptation and grading. c. adaptation, grading and range fractionation. d. slow, intermediate and fast adaptation. e. slow adaptation, fast adaptation and grading. |
A. Correct
Note that in addition to summation, slow adaptation also allows coding of stimulus duration |
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The property that allows receptors to code aspects of a dynamic or changing stimulus is:
a. Slow adaptation. b. Range fractionation. c. Fast summation. d. Gradation of receptor potentials. e. Fast adaptation. |
E. Correct
The critical word here is Fast - slow adaptation does not allow coding of dynamic or moving stimuli |
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The receptive field (RF) of a sensory neuron refers to:
a. the area of the sensory receptor surface providing input to that neuron. b. the total area of the sensory receptor surface for all neurons in that sensory system. c. the size of stimulus that activates the sensory neuron. d. the number of other neurons that are connected to the neuron . e. the type of stimulus that activates a sensory neuron in the somatosensory system. |
A. Correct
The area of the sensory receptor surface providing input to that neuron. |
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The strength of a stimulus can be coded by:
a. an increase in the number of APs from a single receptor. b. an increase in the size of the APs from a single receptor. c. an increase in the number of active receptors. d. B & C above. e. A & C above. |
E. Correct
A & C above |
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The two types of ion channels found in sensory receptors are:
a. Voltage-gated and mechanically-gated channels. Incorrect b. Mechanically-gated and chemically-gated channels. c. Voltage-gated and light-gated channels. d. Light-gated and sound-gated channels. e. Chemically-gated and voltage-gated channels. |
B. Correct
Mechanically-gated and chemically-gated channels. |
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Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. All sensory systems have specialized receptor cells. b. Receptor cells always communicate directly with afferent nerve fibres. Incorrect c. Receptor cells use chemical transmitters to communicate with relay cells or afferent nerve fibres. d. In nerve fibres specialized to detect a sensory stimulus, the nodes of Ranvier are the specialized receptive zones. e. Receptor zones of nerve fibres generate action potentials for transmission by the nerve. |
C. Correct
Receptor cells use chemical transmitters to communicate with relay cells or afferent nerve fibres. |
