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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Congress of Vienna
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1815- European diplomats met at the Congress of Vienna after Napoleon's defeat
-Prince Clemens von Metternich of Austria- wanted to restore Europe to life before French Revolution -Alexander I of Russia- create an alliance of Christian monarchs to suppress future revolutions -Lord Castlereagh of England- prevent France from building military forces -Maurice Talleyrand of France- obtain equal footing for Francce with the rest of the nations |
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Results of the Congress of Vienna
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established a balance of power- distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong
-restored power to monarchs -strengthened nations around France -added Belgium and Luxembourg to Holland and created the kingdom of the Netherlands -Gave Prussia lands along the Rhineland -Austria took control of Italy |
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Conservatism
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set of beliefs held by those who wanted to preserve traditional ways
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Liberalism
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people opposed the power of mmonarchs and sought democrati reforms
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Nationalism
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Poeple wanted independent nation-states that were free form foriegn rule
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Revolutions of 1830
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-France- restoration of the Bourbons
-Belgium- demanded indpendence form the Dutch 1831- gained independence -Italy- Congress of Vienna had divided Italy among Austria and France, Italian revolutionaries tried to overthrow the governments, they were thrown down by the Austrians -Poland- under Russian rule, in 1830, nationalist poland staged and uprising, eventually crushed |
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Revolutions of 1848
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-France- King Louis Philippe's government denounced as corrupt
-Louis Philippe stepped down and a republic was set up -Austrian Enpire- students revolted, Metternich resigned when workers rose up to support the students -Austrian army soon regained control -Italy and Germany- Italy was successrfrul for short periods, Germany student protesters backed by peasants and workers demanded reforms -assembly was formed, dissolved as revolutionaries turned on each otehr |
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Absolutism in Czarist Russia:
Social Conditions |
Feudal Society- landowning obles were powerful and resisted nay change that would weaken their position
-middle class was too small to have any influence -sefdom was continued, sefs were bound to the land, and the owner of the land had almost total power over hte sefrs who worked it |
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Absolutism in Czarist Russia:
Freeing the serfs |
Russia became involved in the Crimean War after trying to seize Ottoman lands along the Danube
-Russia lost the war, stressing to leaders the need for westernization and industrialization 1861- under Alexander II, serfs wer freed |
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Russification
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Russia contained many ethnic minorities, czars aimed to maintain tight control over htese peopel as ewll as to enourage feeling of Russian unity
-Russian czar Aleander III persecuted non Russians, including Poles, Ukrainians, and Armenians -insisted on one language, Russian, and one church, the Russian Orthodox Church |
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Pogroms
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violent attacks on Jews, authorities stood by and watched as the homes of Jews were burned and thier businesses looted
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Reasons against a unified latin America
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Geographic Barriers- Andes Mountains
Social Inujustice- colonial class structure remained intact, Creoles replaced peninsulares as the ruling class, and oland and wealth remianed in their hands |