Science Study Guide - Cells

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Unicellular

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Something that has 1 cell

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Multicellular

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Something that has more than 1 cell

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Prokaryotic cell

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Microscopic; simple; no nucleus

ex. bacteria

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Eukaryotic cell

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10x larger than prokaryotic; has nucleus; more complex

ex: plants, animals, protists, fungi

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Bacteria

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Unicellular organism; prokaryotic

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Organelle

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Vacuole; lysosome; ribosomes; golgi complex; ER; nucleus; mitochondria

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Cell Theory

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1. All living things are made up of 1 or more cells;
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in which all the activities of life occur;
3. All cells come from cells that already exist

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Robert Hooke

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First observed cork cells in 1665

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Cell Membrane

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Provides support and structure. Helps control what leaves and enters the cell

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cytoplasm

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Gelatin-like structure; gives structure and support

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nucleus

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"the brain"; control center of the cell; contains DNA

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vacuole

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Stores h2o, food, waste

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mitochondria

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Powerhouse; breaks food down into energy

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ribosome

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makes protein

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chloroplast

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in plant cell; contains chlorophyll; needed for photosynthesis

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endoplasmic reticulum

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transports; makes fats

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golgi complex

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processes and transports materials out of the cell

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lysosome

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cleans the cell; digests food, waste, cell parts, invaders

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tissue

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blood, muscle, etc.

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organ

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heart; skin; stomach, etc.

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Organ system

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nervous; digestive; etc.

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Cells are organized into..

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tissues

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2 or more types of tissues form an

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organ

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When organs work together they make an

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Organ System

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Different types of human cells

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nerve cells
skin (epithelial) cells
muscle cells
white blood cells
red blood cells

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Nerve cells

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long; cell branches; receive and deliver messages

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Skin (epithelial) cells

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close together; flat; protect

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Muscle cells

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long; can relax and contract

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White blood cells

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act like the police in the body; help fight disease; defend the body against microorganisms/invaders.
Leukemia: type of cancer -- too many white blood cells

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red blood cells

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do not have a nucleus; carry oxygen to all parts of the body.

Anemia: occurs when there are too few red blood cells/not enough oxygen

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Only plant cells have ...

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cell wall, chlorplasts, large vacuole