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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of Life Science? |
The study of living organisms |
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What is the Scientific Method in correct order? |
Question, Hypothesis, Materials, Procedure, Observations, Data analysis, Conclusion |
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What is the definition of controlled experiment? |
Something that should happen during the experiment |
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What is the definition of a variable? |
Something that is not expected to happen with the experiment |
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What is the definition of a theory? |
Tells you why something happens |
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What is the definition of a law? |
Tells you what happens and how it happens |
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What is a compound microscope? |
Instrument that magnifies small objects |
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What is an Electron Microscope? |
Uses beams of light to magnify objects |
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What is the S.I. unit? |
Systems international that is well known in the scientific community so that everyone understands |
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What is the definition of Homeostasis? |
Maintaining a stable internal environment |
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What is the definition of Heredity? |
The resemblance of offspring to their parents |
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What is the definition of a consumer? |
It eats other organisms |
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What is Starch made up of? |
Made up of sugars and carbohydrates |
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Where are fats found in? |
Found in lipids that store energy |
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What is the Cell theory? |
-Basic Unit of Life
-Contains all material necessary for life
-Found in all organisms and have specialized funtions |
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What is the stimulus? |
Something that affects an organism, usually in the environment
(Ex. The sun is a stimulus to plant growth) |
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Where is the information on about how to make protein located? |
In DNA and as well as the information about the individual |
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What are subunits of nucleic acids called? |
Nucleotides |
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What is the pattern of cells? |
Many cells make up tissues
Many tissues make up organs
Many organs make up systems
Many systems make up the body |
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What is the Nucleus? |
Contains DNA; Control Center |
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What is the Ribosome? |
Makes Proteins |
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What is the Endoplasmic reticulum? |
Makes fat; packages protein |
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What is the Mitochondria? |
Breaks down food particles and makes adenosine triphosphate |
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What are Chloroplasts? |
Uses sun's energy to make food |
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Whats the Golgi Complex? |
Transports proteins out of the cell |
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What is the vacuole? |
Contains and stores water |
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What is the lysosome? |
Digests food and get rid of waste |
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What do the Eukaryotic cells have? |
Have nucleus, cell walls or membranes |
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What do the Prokaryotic cells have? |
Have cell walls and no nucleus |
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What are the benefits of multi-cellular organisms? |
-Longer Life
-Specialized Cells
-Larger Size |
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What do Eubacteria and Archaebacteria do not have? |
A nucleus |
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What is the definition of Diffusion? |
Movement of particles from areas of high density to areas of low density |
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What is the definition of Osmosis? |
Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane |
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What is the definition of Exocytosis? |
Process in which a cell releases particles from within itself |
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What is the definition of Endocytosis? |
Reverse of exocytosis; process by which a cell surrounds a particle and encloses it within itself |
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What do plants use to make glucose? |
Photosynthesis |
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What happens during cellular respiration? |
Oxygen is used to break down food molecules releasing energy |
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What is the definition of cytokinesis? |
The division of the cytoplasm during mitosis |
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What is Mitosis? |
The process of cell division |
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What is the definition of active transport? |
The movement of substances using energy |
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What is the definition of Passive Transport? |
The movement of substances not requiring energy |
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What do Cellular respiration use to release energy? |
They use oxygen |
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What do fermentation release? |
They release stored energy without the use of oxygen |
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What is part of the DNA? |
Sperm, eggs, and sex cells |
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What is Phenotype? |
The expression of a trait (your appearance) |
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What is Genotype? |
A combination of alleles that has the blueprint of the organism |
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What is the process of Mitosis? |
Phase 1: Prophase The chromosomes condense and the chromatids come together
Phase 2:Metaphase The Chromosomes line up
Phase 3: Anaphase The chromosomes start splitting
Telophase: When the two sets of chromosomes move to the far eges of the cell and the cells pinch off
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What do Meiosis produce? |
They produce cells that have half the number of chromosomes from each parent |
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What is an Allele? |
Different versions of the same gene (hair, color, eye color, etc.) |
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What do Genes carry? |
Information that determines traits |
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What is the passing of traits from parent to offspring called? |
Heredity |
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What is the definition of a Punnet Square? |
The mathematical probability of the outcome |
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What is it called when one trait is not completely dominant? |
It is called incomplete dominance |
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What are the steps of Meiosis? |
Step 1: The homologous pair copies itself, forming two chromatids
Step 2: Each of the chromosomes are now identical
Step 3: The chromosomes separate to opposite ends of the cell
Step 4: The cell divides
Step 5: Two sets of cells with identical chromosome
Step 6: It divides and divides and divides again
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What is the definition of a mutagen? |
A substance that can cause a mutation in DNA |
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Where is the information in DNA coded in? |
Coded in the order of nucleotides in the DNA molecule |
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What do the ribosome assemble? |
Assembles protein, which makes the bases on the DNA code |
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What did Watson and Crick make models of? |
Made models of DNA's shape |
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What are the DNA molecule's bases? |
Adenine goes to thymine and guanine goes to cytosine |
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What are Genes? |
Genes are traits, make protein, and is part of the DNA |
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Where is DNA found? |
In all organisms` |
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What is the shape of DNA? |
A twisted ladder |
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What can happen with DNA copies? |
Mistakes can be made |
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Where are proteins assembled? |
in the cytoplasm |
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How does DNA have to be duplicated and what will happen if it doesn't? |
Has to be duplicated in the correct order and if not, mutation occurs |
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What is the definition of Speciation? |
Single population evolves into two population that cannot interbreed |
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What is the definition of evolution? |
The progression of species over a long period of time |
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What is the definition of Natural Selection? |
The strongest and the fittest survive and adapt to |
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What is the definition of species? |
Group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring |
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What does Fossil record provide? |
Provides information about an organisms past |
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What is selective breeding bred for? |
Bred for their desired characteristics |
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What is the definition of adaptaion? |
Organisms that survive in its environment |
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What is Generation Time? |
Population of insects and bacteria can evolve quickly because they have a short generatino time |
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Where are fossils commonly found? |
Found in sedimentary rock |
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What do we all have and why? |
A Common ancestry because, in one form or another, we have the same genetic makeup |
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Where did Charles Darwin go and why? |
He went to the Galapagos Islands and studied the finches and realized that animals adapt to their environment because of the different beaks of the birds |
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What did Darwin observe because of this? |
He observed that this happend because, within a population, there were variations |
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What is within the History of the Earth? |
-Precrambian Time: When life originated
-Cenozoic- Age of the Mammal
-Mesozoic- Age of the Reptile
-Paleozoic- Age of the Plants
-Relative Dating- tells the order of the events that took place
-Absolute Dating- gives a range of dates |
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When did the first cells on earth form? |
During the Precambrian time |
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What era are we living now? |
In the Cenozoic Era |
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What are Pathogens |
Bad bacteria and viruses |
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What is the definition of Binary Fission? |
The process where bacteria reproduce |
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What can antibiotics only fight? |
Can only fight bacteria, not viruses |
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What does a virus need to reproduce? |
A host |
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What is the importance for Bacteria? |
Used for making food, making antiobotics, and used to clear up oil spills |
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What is the Lytic Cycle and what does it do? |
The cycle for the reproduction of virusesl it destroys host cells and basically the virus reproducing itself in the host |
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What does Bacteria have? |
Have one loop of DNA |
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What has Eubacteria? |
All decomposers |
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What does Cyanobacteria contain? |
Chlorophyll |
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What is Archaebacteria known as? |
Acid-Producing bacteria |
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What is classification also known as? |
Taxonomy |
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How does classification contribute? |
Helps people put animals into categories |
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Who founded the science of taxonomy? |
Linnaeus |
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What lived in extreme environment? |
Archaebacteria |
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What do Animalia have? |
Multi-cellular
Movement
Respond to the environment |
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What is a Eubacteria? |
A prokaryote |
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How do scientists classify organisms? |
Classify organisms by groups in an orderly manner |
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What are the seven levels of classification? |
1. Kingdom (Animalia, Fungi, Protist, Plantae, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria)
2. Phylum (Vertebrate or Invertebrate or plants)
3. Class (Mammalia, Reptilian, Amphibian, Exoskeleton)
4. Order (Herbivore, Omnivore)
5. Family (Feline, Canine)
6. Genus (Felis, Canis)
7. Species (Domesticated or not)` |
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What is the Stamen? |
Male part of flower |
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What is the Pistil? |
Female part of flower |
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What part does the Xylem do for the plant? |
Brings water to the plant |
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What is a Rhizome? |
An underground stem that produces leaves and roots |
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What is the Pollen? |
Male sperm cells of the flower |
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What do Non-vascular plants not have? |
Do not have a special tissue for transporting water |
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What does Phloem do? |
Transports food to plants |
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What do Angiosperms have? |
Have seeds, flowers, and food for animals |
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What are the parts of a root? |
Stores food, supports plant, supply water |
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What do plants and green algae both have? |
They both have a common ancestor |
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Where does photosynthesis takes place in what layer? |
In the palisade layer |
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What is Mycelium? |
A mass of hyphae (Like roots that make up the body oft he fungus and protist) |
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What is a Lichen? |
Organism that is half fungus and half algae |
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What is an hereotrph? |
Organism that cannot make their own food |
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What do Protist produce and from where? |
Produce food and from the sun's energy
Example- slime mold, Zooflagellates, and olva |
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What is Fungus made out of? |
Organism made out of hyphae |
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What does a Parasite feed off of? |
Organism that feeds off another organism |
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What is a host? |
Organism that is fed on |
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What do Protist producers include? |
Dinoflagellates and Diatoms |
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What do Euglenoids have? |
Have two flagellates |
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What can Fungi not do? |
Cannot eat or engulf their food |
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What are some Heterotrophs that can move? |
Protozoans, amoebas, parameciums |
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What can they do? |
They can be free on their own or they are parasitic |
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What are the Plants' processes? |
1. Loss of water from leaves- Transpiration
2. Tropism- response to light or gravity
3. Chlorophyll- green pigment in plant
4. Cellular respiration- happens during photosynthesis
5. Opening in the epidermis and cuticle of a leaf
6. Inactive seeds are called dormant
7. Photosynthesis is carbon dioxide + water using light energy from the sun to create oxygen and glucose
8. During gas exchange in plants, water and oxygen exit; carbon dioxide exit the leaves
9. Plants responding to light is known as phototropism
10. Plant responding to gravity is known as gravitropism
11. Plantlets do reproduce asexually even though they have the ability for their flowers to be sexual |
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What is an embryo? |
Organism at early stage of development |
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What do Consumers eat and what are the disadvantages? |
Eat other organisms
Disadvantage:
a) easily seen
b) Food shortage
c) land shortage |
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Math: |
King Henry Died by Drinking Chocolate Milk
Big to small (multiply)
Small to big (divide)
Km Hm Dkm m Dm cm mm
Kg Hg Dkg g Dg cg mg
Kl Hl Dkl l Dl cl ml
100 centimeters= 1 meter
100 Kg= 1,000,000 g |
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What is a Pheromone? |
A chemical produced by animals that is used to communicate and show that they are ready to mate |
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What is Estivation? |
It happens during the summer where an animal lowers it body temperature and becomes dormant to escape intense heat and food shortage |
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What is Hibernation? |
Same as estivation, except in the winter |
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What is Circadian Rhythm? |
Tells of the seasons and daily activity
Biological Clock- Tells us when we are thirsty, hungry, etc. |
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What is Social Behavior? |
Interaction between species |
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What is Communication for animals? |
Interaction between animals of the same and different species |
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What does Learned Behavior depend on? |
Depends on experienced and learning |
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What is inmate behavior? |
Instinctive |
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What are the characteristics of animals? |
Reproduce sexually
Have specialized parts
Able to move
Care for their young
Produces Milk
Migration
Animals/ group living
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