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196 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of Langauge is found in textbooks, memos, reports, articles, etc?
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Prose
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What is Prose?
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Language term for everyday communication
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What is the common unit of organization for prose?
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The sentence
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T/F Prose must have more coherent relationships than a list.
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True
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The manipulation of language with respect to meaning, meter, sound and rhthym is?
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Poetry or Verse
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Related groups of lines in poetry are called?
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Stanzas
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Which is a more ancient form of literature, poetry or prose
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Poetry
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A literary work that is not true, or of the writer's imagination is?
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Fiction
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Novels, short stories, TV scripts, and screenplays are examples of?
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Fiction
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A literary work based on facts is?
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Non-fiction
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The manner in which a writer uses language in prose or poetry is?
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Style
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Style is affected by (five Items)
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Diction or word choices
Sentence structure and syntax Types of figurative language Patterns of rhythm or sound Convention or creative use of punctuation |
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The attitude of the writer is called?
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Tone
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Writing can be serious, satiric, cynical, humorous and many others. These are all examples of the writer's_______
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Tone
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Common points of view in writing are?
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First person
Third person |
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The repetition of the first sounds or stressed syllables in a sentence is called?
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Alliteration
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Chirp, Chirp said the Chickadee is an example of?
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Alliteration
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Assonance is? |
The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds. |
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The quiet bride cried is an example of? |
Assonance |
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The term for words that imitate sounds such as glug, glug, glug or describes tones through tersm such as the gloom of night or gleam of stars is? |
Onomatopeaia |
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A recurring pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in words is called? |
meter |
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When meter is used in composition it is called? |
Verse |
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Iambic meter is? |
Unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. |
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Belong is an example of what type of meter? |
iambic |
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A meter in a line of poetry is known as a? |
foot |
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Anapestic meter has how many feet? |
three - two unstressed followed by stressed |
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In the blink of an eye and Get a life are examples of what type of meter? |
Anapestic |
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One stressed syllable followed by one unstressed is an example of what type of meter? |
Trochaic |
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Why so Pale lover? is an example of what type of meter? |
Trochaic |
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Dactyclic is what type of meter? |
A stressed sylable followed by TWO unstressed |
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Spondaic meter is defined how? |
Two equally stressed syllables |
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Phrrich meter is defined as? |
Two equally unstressed syllables |
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Unrhymed vers that consists of lines of iambic pentameter, which is five feet (sets) of unstressed and stressed syllables is known as? |
Blank verse |
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Shakespearean plays, Milton's epic poems and T.S. Elliots "The Waste Land" are all examples of? |
Blank verse |
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verse that lacks regular patterns of poetic feet is called? |
Free verse |
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The King James translation of the Psalms, Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass and the poetry of Ezra Pound are all examples of? |
Free verse |
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Fiction, with the elements of a novel, that can be read in one sitting is referred to as a? Examples include fables, the exemplum and folktales |
Short story |
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an example or model, especially a moralizing or illustrative story is called a? |
Exemplum |
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Research that comes from the "horses mouth" or comes from a document created by the person under study is called? |
Primary research |
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Original documents, diaries, interviews and manuscripts are examples of what type of research? |
Primary |
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Sources written ABOUT the main subject, including critical analysis, magazine articles about a person, commentaries and encyclopedias are what type of research? |
Secondary |
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What literary device is designed to appeal to our physical and emotional senses? |
Poetry |
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What is the length of a line of poetry? |
It can be any length |
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What is the metrical pattern of poetry? |
It can have any metrical pattern |
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A group of lines in a poem is a? |
Stanza |
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A stanza denotes what about its lines? |
A relationship |
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The ability to read and write is commonly known as? |
Literacy |
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Writing literacy includes what three things? |
Spelling Grammar Sentence structure |
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Three subsets of reading literacy are? |
Phonological awareness Decoding comprehension |
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The ability to perceive sound structures in spoken word is? |
Phonological awareness |
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Phonemes are? |
Sounds of the letters of the alphabet |
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Onset sounds, syllables and rime are all components of? |
Phonological awareness |
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Rime (as opposed to rhyme) is |
syllable cluster following the onset |
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Classroom activities that include language play and exposure to a variety of sounds and context sounds teach?phonological awareness include |
phonological awareness |
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Clapping to sounds and the name game are classroom activities that teach |
Phonological awareness |
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The use of letters and combinations of letters to represent speech is known as the? |
Alphabetic principle |
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Teaching new words, using questions, asking for clarification, promoting conversation and providing feedback all help build what in children? |
Language skills |
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True/False Does oral and written language develop simultaneously? |
True |
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Is oral language a prerequisite to written language? |
No |
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An immature form of oral language is? |
babbling |
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An immature form of written language is? |
scribbling |
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What do the following represent that a teacher can provide? Children's names in print or cursive,Children's written work, Newspapers and magazines, Instructional charts, Written schedules, Signs and labels |
A print-rich environment |
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KWL charts, divided into three columns, represent what? |
Know, want to know and learn |
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A KWL charts and other graphical interfaces help children by |
Reminding students what they have learned, expand the lesson and show relationships among books, ideas and words |
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Learning that reading and writing are ways to obtain information is an example of? |
Print and book awareness |
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Knowing letters and words are different is an example of? |
Print and book awareness |
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Knowing how to hold a book is part of? |
Print and book awareness |
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To be appropriately preparred to learn to read and write, a child should know what? (7 items) |
letters each have a distinct appearance Direction and shape of each letter Each letter has a name 26 letters in the alphabet letters represent sounds of speech Words are composed of letters letters must correspond to sounds |
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The method or strategy used to make sense of printed words is? |
Decoding |
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The process of learning to read by learning how spoken language is represented by letters is known as? |
Phonics |
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Phonemes are sound parts of? |
Words |
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The goal of literacy development is? |
Fluency |
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The ability to read accurately and quickly is? |
Fluency |
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Reading comprehension increases as the child's ____ increases. |
Vocabulary |
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Showing how to use a dictionary is a way to teach a child to increase? |
Vocabulary |
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Providing a word wall, defining a word and giving multiple examples and calling on a childs prior knowledge for comparison are all examples of methods to? |
Increase vocabulary |
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Syllables attached to the beginning of a word are? |
Affixes |
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Both prefixes and suffixes are? |
Affixes |
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In and pre are examples of? |
prefixes |
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er and able are examples of |
suffixes |
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What are the three types of suffixes? |
Noun suffixes Verb suffixes Adjectival suffixes |
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The two types of noun suffixes are? |
Act of state of or quality The doer or one who acts |
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ment in arguement is a what type of suffix? |
Noun suffix |
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eer in auctioneer is what type of suffix? |
Noun suffix |
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en when added to soft, is what kind of suffix |
Verb suffix |
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ize when added to sterile is what type of a suffix? |
Verb suffix |
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ful when added to care is what type of suffix |
Adjectival suffix |
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Words or phrases that help the reader figure out the meaning of an unknown word are? |
Context clues |
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The four types of context clues are? |
Synonyms Antonyms Explanations Examples |
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The goal of comprehension is? |
To understand what someone is trying to convey through writing |
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Reading opening paragraphs and asking students what a story will be about is a way to improve |
comprehension |
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Asking students to retell a story after hearing is a way to improve? |
Comprehension |
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If a teacher reads a portion of a story and asks "Why do you think the character did this?" the are trying to improve? |
Comprehension |
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Skills a reader uses to deal with the actual words in a text is known as? |
literal comprehension |
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Skills involving prior knowledge, and an understanding that the author's version of the subject is being read is what type of comprehension? |
Critical |
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Thinking about thinking is what? |
Metacognition |
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Taking control of the learning process, self-monitoring progress and evaluating strategies for reading are examples of? |
Metacognition |
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Students who develop good ______ become more independent and confident about learning. |
Metacognitive skills |
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The three categories of metacognitive skills are? |
Awareness Planning Self-monitoring and relflection |
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Puppetry and learning through play serves what purpose? |
Generates ideas encourage imagination foster's language development |
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Drama and theater are fun learning experiences that |
Capture imagination and expand vocabulary through visualisation |
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Oh my love, like a red, red, rose is an example of what? |
Figurative language |
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As pretty as a picture is an example of? |
Figurative language |
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Metaphor is a direct comparison of |
Unlike items without the use of like or as My sole is a dark forest |
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Giving human characteristics to non human objects is? |
Personification |
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The tree grunted as it swayed is an example of? |
Personification |
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Synecdoche is? |
The use of a part to signify the whole |
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Boots on the ground is an example of? |
Synecdoche |
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The crown, when referring to a monarchy is an example of? |
Metonymy |
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Metonymy is defined as? |
Using something closely associated with something else to describe it |
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The purpose of graphic organizers is to? |
Help students classify ideas and communicate more efficiently and effectively |
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A chart showing the parts of a five paragraph essay is an example of? |
A graphic organizer |
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Weekly planners, bar charts in math, KWL charts and event maps are all examples of? |
Graphic organizers |
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It is important to teach critical thinking. Three tools for critical thinking are? |
Summarization Question generation Textual marking |
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The four theories of language development are? |
Learning approach Linguistic approach Cognitive approach Sociocognitive approach |
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Immitating the speech of adults is representative of which language development theory? |
Learning approach |
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Noam Chomsky championed the belief that language is innate. This is representative of |
Linguistic approach to language development |
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Developed in 1970's, this language development theory is based on the work of Piaget. |
Cognitive approach |
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Language development approach assumes children must learn cognitive skills before language |
Cognitive approach |
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Language development approach that is attributed to kids who live in poverty have uneducated parents or are neglected. |
Sociocognitive approach |
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Fictional story involve humans and magical events is a? |
Fairy tale |
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A story in which animals, plants and forces of nature act like humans that teaches a moral lesson |
Fable |
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Literature concerned with preadolescent and tween issues is? |
Preadolescent literature |
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A sentence of a pragraph that states the paragraph's subject or main idea is a? |
Topic sentence |
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Sentences that include: For example, or That is are often called? |
Supporting sentences |
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A sentence that provides unity to a paragraph and ties together supporting details is a? |
Topic sentence |
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Causes are? |
reasons for actions or events |
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Effects are? |
results of causes |
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The ability to identify causes and effects is part of? |
Critical thinking |
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Statements that can be verified through research are? |
Facts |
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Personal views that can be supported with facts are? |
Opinions |
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A reader must be able to distinguish what from what to determine the validity of an argument? |
Fact from opinon |
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An invalid argument against a person such as attacking character is a? |
Ad hominem |
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Condemnation of a group based on the behavior of a few is an invalid argument called a? |
hasty generalization |
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Assigning the wrong cause to an event is an invalid argument called? |
Faulty causation |
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An invalid argument where if everybody is doing something, it must be a good thing to do is? |
Bandwagon effect |
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Using particulars to draw a conclusion is? |
Inductive reasoning |
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Using general facts to come up with a specific conclusion is? |
Deductive reasoning |
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The thread that ties all the elements of a story together is the? |
Narrative theme |
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A theme is a comment that applies to? |
everyone - nature of humanity, moral responsibility |
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Determining whether characters in a story are major or minor can usually be done by determining if they are one of what four things? |
Round Flat Dynamic Static |
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Characters with complex personalities are what type? |
Round |
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Characters with only a few personality types, often steriotypes are what type? |
Flat |
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Characters that change or grow in a story are what type? |
Dynamic |
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Characters that remain the same throughout a story are? |
Static |
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A word that modifies or describes a noun or a pronount is? |
An adjective |
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A word that modifies a verb is? Example: Quickly I am going to quickly run to the store. |
An adverb |
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Words like and, but, and or link phrases and clauses are called what? |
Conjunctions |
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What types of conjunctions are either/or, neither/nor, and if/then? |
Correlative conjunctions |
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Although, because, if, since, while are examples of? |
Subordinating conjunctions |
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A verb form of a noun, most commonly ending in ing as in walking is called a? |
Gerund |
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A verbal form comprised of the word "to" followed by the verb root (To hold a baby is a joy) is called a? |
Infinitive |
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A word that names a person, place or thing is a? |
Noun |
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A word or phrase that receives the action of a verb. (Joan served the meal) is a? |
Object |
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Words such as above, by, for, in, out through and to, that link a noun or pronoun are called? |
Prepositions |
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Across the bridge, a combination of a noun and pronoun are? |
Prepositional phrases |
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I, she, he, it, myself are words that represent a specific noun in a general way. They are called? |
Pronouns |
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A complete sentence must contain what to items? |
A noun and a verb |
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A word that expresses action is a? |
Verb |
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Capital letters should be placed at the beginning of what six items? |
Proper names Places Historical periods and holidays Religious terms Titles All main words in literary, art or music titles |
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What punctuation mark sets up a list, directs readers to examples, and introduces quotations? |
Colon |
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The three types of sentence structures are? |
Simple Compound Complex |
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The four major tenants of writing, beginning with the first and earliest version are? |
Draft Revision Editing Proofreading |
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Is a title surrounded by quotation marks or underlined? |
No |
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The paragraph that should flow logically from a body of work and tie back to the introduction is the? |
Conclusion |
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The introduction contains what, that is usually the first or last paragraph of the opening paragraph? |
Thesis statement |
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A sentence that makes a statement, punctuated by a period at the end is a? (ex: The school will be closed tomorrow.) |
Declarative sentence |
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A sentence that shows strong emotion and is a? |
Exclamatory sentence |
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The sentence: "Come to the open house next Saturday." is an example of what type of sentence? |
Imperative sentence |
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The sentence: "The killer, was cold, cunning, and inexplicably angry." takes advantage of what grammatical tool? |
Parallel words |
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Praised by Comrades and loved by peers is an example of? |
Parallel phrases |
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We shall love in the morning, we shall love in the night, takes advantage of what grammatical tools? |
Parallel clauses |
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What gramatical tool covers up a word to avoid explicit meaning? ie. using passed instead of died? |
Euphemism |
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I thought I would die!, is an example of exaggeration using the grammatical tool called? |
Hyperbole |
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The process of building up to a dramatic high point in a series of phrases is called? |
Climax |
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An attempt to evoke pity or sorrow that goes overboard to the point of becoming ridiculous is called? |
Bathos |
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Two dislike terms, used together for contradictory effect, such as: New classic is a? |
Oxymoron |
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The gramatical term to explain the difference between what is right and what ought to be, ex: the tortise beat the hair, is? |
Irony |
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Malapropism is? |
Confusing one word or phrase for another. |
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Three techniques that help a writer find, explore and organize a topic are? |
Brainstorming Freewriting Clustering/Mapping |
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What are the five reasons to write? |
To tell a story To express oneself To convey information To make an argument To explore ideas |
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The stages of beginning to learn to write are: (six items) |
Drawing pictures Scribbling Writing the child's own name Learning the alphabet Incomplete written words Write with more ease, often phonetic and excluding punctuation. |
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A tool that helps students practice writing and gives them the opportunity to sort out their thoughts and solve problems is a? |
Journal |
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Rethinking the writing choices made in a paper including clear theses, paragraphs logically flow, reviewing for unecesary repitition, unrelated topics etc, is called? |
Revising a paper |
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Caught the ball. Caught is a? |
Action verb |
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Mary is an excellent teacher. Is is a? |
Linking verb |
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should have gone. Gone is the main verb, should is a? |
Helping verb. |
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A conjunction that can join two independent clauses such as and, but, or is what? |
coordinating conjunction |
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after Steve finishes his homework is a? |
Subodinate conjunction. It joins two clauses we can finish game and Steve finishes his homework. |
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Making eye contact, appropriate volume, complete sentences and appropriate gestures are all examples of what? |
Speaking skills children should have. |
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Following oral instructions consistently, listen to peers and teachers, avoiding distracting behavior are all? |
Listening skills children should have. |
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Exposing students to images each day so they can differentiate images and the words that accompany them are samples of good? |
Viewing skills |
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Puppet theaters, Picture book discussions and Gallery walks all help children develop good? |
Viewing skills |
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A section of the classroom with magazines, DVDs videos and pictures is a? |
Classroom viewing center |
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Refering to background and global knowledge, in use by ESL students is what type of processing? |
Top-down |
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Using data is what is said for ESL students is what? |
Bottom-up processing |
