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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the Excretory role , what is the urinary system primarily concerned with the removal of ?
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Nitrogenous wastes
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what performs the excretory and homeostatic function of the urinary system |
Kidneys |
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what part of the kidney is segregated into triangular regions with a striped appearance?
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Madulla
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As the renal artery approaches the kidney, it is divided into branches, what are these branches known as?
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Segmental arteries
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anatomical units responsible for the formation of urine? |
Nephrons |
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what is the knot of coiled capillaries, found in the kidney, that forms the filtrate called?
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Glomerulus
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what is the section of the renal tubule closest to the glomerular capsule called
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Proximal Convoluted Tubule
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Which Arterioles drain the glomerular capillary bed. Afferent or Efferent
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Efferent Arterioles
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True or False. During tubular reabsorption, components of the filtrate move from the bloodstream into the tubule
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False
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is it the INTERNAL or EXTERNAL urethral sphincter that consists of skeletal muscle and is voluntarily controlled.
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External Urethral Sphincter
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smooth membrane tightly adherent to the kidney surface |
Fibrous Capsule |
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Portion of the kidney containing mostly collecting ducts
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Medulla
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Portion of the kidney containing the bulk of the nephron structures
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Cortex
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what is the superficial region of the kidney tissue
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Cortex
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What is the basinlike area of the kidney, continuous with the ureter
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Renal Pelvis
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what is the cup shaped extension of the pelvis that encircles the apex of a pyramid
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Minor Calyx
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What is the area of cortical tissue running between the medullary pyramids
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Renal Column
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what is the site of filtrate formation
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Glomerulus
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what is the primary site of tubular reabsorption |
Proximal Convoluted Tubule |
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What is the secondarily important site of tubular reabsorption
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Distal Convulated Tubule
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structure that conveys the processed filtrate (urine) to the renal pelvis
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Collecting Ducts
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blood supply that directly receives substances form the tubular cells
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Peritubular Capillaries
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its inner (visceral) membrane forms part of the filtration membrane
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Glomerular Capsule
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what makes normal urine usually pale yellow to amber in color
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Urochrome
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what is the average pH value of urine
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6.0
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True or False. Glucose can usually be found in all normal urine
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False
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what is Hematuria
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Presence of blood in urine
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when bile pigments are found in urine what is this condition known as ? |
Bilirubinura |
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Hardened cell fragments formed in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts and flushed out of the urinary tract
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Casts
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what is the normal volume of urine excreted in a 24 hour period?
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1.0 - 1.8 Liters
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What substances are usually in grater relative concentration in the urine than in the glomerular filtrate
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Phosphate Ions, Sulfate Ions, Potassium Ions, Urea, Uric Acid, Creatinine
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What substances are normally in lessor concentration in the urine than in the flomerular filtrate
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Water, Sodium Ions, Amino Acids, Glucose.
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What substances are normally absent from both the urine and the glomerular filtrate
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Albumin, Red Blood Cells, Pus(WBC's), Nitrites
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Which has a greater specific gravity: 1 ml of urine or 1 ml of distilled water, and why? |
Urine contains dissolved solutes, which are not found in distilled water and adds to the density of the sample. |
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Explain the relationship between the color, specific gravity, and volume of urine.
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The smaller the volume, the greater the specific gravity and the deeper the color.
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Name three constituents that might be present if a urinary tract infection exists. |
WBC's, RBC's, Casts. |
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How does a urinary tract infection influence urine pH?
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Alkaline
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Explain why all urine specimens become alkaline and cloudy on standing at room temperature |
Bacterial Metabolism components |
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what is it called when there is a presence of erythrocytes in the urine |
Hematura |
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what is it called when there is a presence of hemoglobin in the urine |
Hemoglobinuria |
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what is it called when there is a presence of glucose in the urine
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Glycosuria
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what is it called when there is a presence of albumin in the urine
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Albuminuria
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what is it called when there is a presence of ketone bodies (acetone and others) in the urine
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Ketonuria
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what is it called when there is a presence of pus (white blood cells) in the urine
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Pyuria
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what is renal calculi?
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Kidney Stones
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Why is glucose normally not found in urine
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Glucose is normally completely reabsorbed
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why is Albumin not normally found in urine
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Albumin is to large to pass through the filtration membrane
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what are the three major nitrogenous wastes found in urine
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Urea, Uric Acid, Creatinine
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What are Organized Sediments
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Whit blood cells, Red blood cells, and Casts
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what are Unorganized Sediments |
Chemical substances that form crystals or precipitate form solutions. |
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what are the two principal functions of the testis |
Produce sperm and testosterone |
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how is palpation of the male prostate accomplished
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Physician gently inserts finger through the anterior wall of the rectum
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How might enlargement of the prostate interfere with urination or the reproductive ability of the male.
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An enlarged prostate gland can constrict the urethra
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Copulatory organ/penetrating device
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Penis
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Muscular passageway conveying sperm to the ejaculatory ducts; in the spermatic cord
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Ductus (Vas) Deferens
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Transports both sperm and urine
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Spongy Urethra
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Sperm maturation site
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Epididymis
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Location of the testis in adult males
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Scrotum
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Loose fold of skin encircling the glands penis
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Prepuce
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Portion of the urethra between the prostate and the penis
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Membranous Urethra
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Empties a secretion into the prostate urethra
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Prostate
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Empties a secretion into the membranous urethra
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Bulbourethral Glands
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What structures compose the spermatic cord?
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Connective tissue sheath, Ductus Deferens, Blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.
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Where is the spermatic cord located |
Passes from scrotal sac through the inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity |
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Trace the pathway of sperm from the testes to the urethra |
Seminiferous Tubules, Rete Testis, Epididymis, Ductus Deferens |
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Name the structures composing the external genitalia of the female |
Mons Pubis, Labia Majora and Minora, Clitoris, Urethra and Vaginal Orifices, Greater Vestibular Glands |
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Site of Fetal Development
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Uterus
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Copulatory Canal
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Vagina
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Egg typically fertilized here
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Uterine (Fallopian) Tube
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Partially closes the vaginal canal; membrane
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Hymen
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Produces oocytes, estrogens, and progesterone
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Ovaries
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Fingerlike Ends of the uterine tube
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Fimbriae
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what is Ovulation
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Ejection of an immature egg form the overy
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What is the function of the cavernous bodies seen in the penis
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Cavernous bodies fill with blood causing penis to become erect
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name the three layers of the uterine wall from the inside out
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Endometrium, Myometrium, Perimetrium
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what layer of the uterine wall is sloughed during menses
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Endometrium
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what layer of the uterine wall contracts during child birth
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Myometrium
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when sperm is produced what part of the duct system does it enter first
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Epididymis
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what type of fluid does the prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands produce
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Seminal fluid
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what cells produce testosterone?
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Interstitial Cells
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How many chromosomes does human gametes contain?
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23
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what is the end product of meiosis
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Four haploid daughter cells
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what cell extend inward from the periphery of the seminiferous tubule and provide nourishment to the spermatids as they begin there transformation into sperm |
Sustentacular cells |
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what is the saclike structure call that the immature ovum develops in
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Follicle
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As a primordial follicle grows and its epithelium changes form squamous to cuboidal cells, what type of follicle does it become and what does it do?
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Primary follicle and begins to produce estrogens
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True or False. The Sudden release of luteinizing hormone by the anterior pituitary triggers ovulation
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True
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what is a Corpus Luteum
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A solid glandular structure with a scalloped lumen that develops from a ruptured follicle
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when are dyads visible. During mitosis, meiosis, or both?
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Both Mitosis and Meiosis
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when are tetrads visible. During mitosis, meiosis, or both?
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Meiosis only
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product is two diploid daughter cells genetically identical to the mother cell.
Mitosis, Meiosis, Or Both |
Mitosis only
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Product is four haploid daughter cells quantitatively and qualitatively different from the mother cell
Mitosis, Meiosis, or Both |
Meiosis Only
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Involves the phases, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase Mitosis, Meiosis, or Both |
Both Mitosis and Meiosis |
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Occurs throughout the body.
Mitosis, Meiosis, or Both |
Mitosis only
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Occurs only in ovaries and testes
Mitosis, Meiosis, or Both |
Meiosis Only
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Provide cells for repair Mitosis, Meiosis, or Both |
Mitosis ONly |
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Homologues synapse; chiasmata are seen
Mitosis, Meiosis, or Both |
Meiosis only
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chromosomes are replicated before the division process begins
Mitosis, Meiosis, or Both |
Both Mitosis and Meiosis
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Provides cells for perpetuation of the species
Mitosis, Meiosis, or Both |
Meiosis Only
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Consists of two consecutive nuclear divisions, without chromosomal replication occurring before the second division Mitosis, Meiosis, or Both |
Meiosis ONly |
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what are Homologous Chromosomes
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Egg & Sperm chromosomes that carry genes for the same traits
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