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44 Cards in this Set
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Have the genetic potential when cultured in nutrient medium to give rise to a complete individual plant |
Totipotency |
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The ability of plant cells through which an organ of plant can be regenerated |
Totipotency |
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Cells become specialized in form and function |
Differentiation |
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Further differentiation of already differentiated cells into another type of cells. |
Redifferentiation |
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Ability to form a whole plant in a nutrient medium |
Redifferentiation |
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The reversion of mature cells to the merismatic state leads to the formation of callus |
Dedifferentiation |
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These are the inherited capacities of living plant cells or tissue |
Redifferentiation and Dedifferentiation |
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Associated with reentry into cell cycle trans/redifferentiation or even cell death |
Dedifferentiation |
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Successfully cultured individual plant cells, isolated from different tissues |
1898, G. Haberlandt |
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1934-1939 A foundation of plant tissue culture was laid down by three scientists: |
Gauthret, White, Nobecourt |
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Culture plant cells, tissue, and organs were reasonably well developed. What year? |
1960 |
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This is used to describe the in vitro and aseptic growth of any plant part on a tissue culture medium |
Plant tissue culture (PTC) |
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It is a technique that provides a barrier against contamination to protect the cultures from the external environment (Erlenmeyer flask, petri dish, & culture tubes) |
Culture vessels |
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It is a technique that medium is closed with a cotton plug or aluminum foil sheet; pH medium is adjusted to 5.8 (Murashige and Skoog medium, Gamborg medium <B5 medium> white medium, nitsch medium) |
Culture medium |
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A technique to get rid of the microbes in the culture media and plant tissue |
Sterilization |
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Transfer of plant (root, stem or leaf) aseptic condition under laminar air flow chambers (flamed and cool forcepts) |
Inoculation (chemical sterilization) |
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Inoculum is incubated at 26 deg C with light intensity at 2000 to 4000 lux (16hrs of light and 8 hrs of darkness) |
Incubation (chemical sterilization) |
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The explant os induced to form callus |
Induction of callus (Chemical Sterilization) |
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Formation of new organs from the callus |
Morphogenesis |
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Morphogenesis embryo is called: |
Somatic embryo = young plantlets |
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What are the two types of morphogenesis? |
Organogenesis and Embryogenesis |
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A. Formation of embryo. B. Where did its embryo arise? |
A. Embryogenesis B. Somatic callus |
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A. Formation of new organs such as root and shoot B. Where development of shoot arise? |
A. Organogenesis B. Callus |
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Exposing the plantlet to the natural environment; transfering of plantlet to the soil |
Hardening (chemical sterilization) |
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Parameters involved in PTC |
A. pH B. Temperature C. Humidity and Light Intensity D. Aeration |
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It is a type of plant tissue culture where the culture of embryos, anthers, ovaries, roots, shoots or other organs of plants on culture media |
Organ culture |
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It is a types of ptc that is widely used to produce clones of a plant = micropropagation |
Organ culture |
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The culture of any meristematic tissue on culture media |
Meristem culture |
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Technique to eliminate viruses and other parasites while growing plants in vitro |
Meristem culture |
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Cells without a cellwall, but bounded by a cell membrane or plasma membrane. |
Protoplast culture |
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Using this, it is possible to regenerate whole plants from single cells and also develop somatic hybrids |
Protoplasts |
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Growing of cells including the culture of single cells or small aggregates of cell in vitro in liquid medium |
Cell suspension culture |
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It is prepares by transferring a portion of callus to the liquid medium |
Cell suspension culture |
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Cen be useful for the production od secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and recombinant proteins. |
Cell suspension culture |
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These are chemical compounds that are not required by the plant for normal growth and development but are produced in the plant as "byproducts" of cell metabolism. Such as indole alkaloids |
Secondary metabolites |
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Can be scaled up and automated using bio-reactors for commercial production. Biotransformation, elicitation and immobilization have been used to make cell suspension culture more efficient in this production |
Production of secondary metabolites |
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Somatic variations found in plants regenerated in vitro (variations found in leaf,stem,root,tuber,or propagule) |
Somaclonal variations |
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Gametophytic variations found in plants regenerated in vitro gametic origin (variations found in gametes and gametophytes) |
Gametoclonal variations |
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Industrial level maintain high standards of homogeneity in plants like pineapple, banana strawberry and potato |
Micropropagation of Banana |
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Also knows as synthetic seeds (synseeds) are produced by using embryoids (somatic embryos) obtained trough in vitro culture. |
Artificial Seed |
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Derived from single cell from any part of the plant that later divide to form cell mass containing dense cytoplasm, large nucleus, starch grains, proteins and oils etc., |
Artificial seed |
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To prepare artificial seeds, different insert materials are used for coating the somatic embryoids like agrose and sodium alginate |
1. Artificial seed coat 2. Artificial endosperm 3. Somatic Embryo |
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Chemical methods can be used to control fungal and bacterial pathogens, but not viruses generally. |
Virus-free plants |
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What method is used to produce virus free plants? |
Shoot meristem tip culture |
