Psychopathology - Trauma/dissociative/somatic Disorders

Front 1

Etiology of Attachment Disorder

Back 1

history of extreme insufficient care

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Age Requirements of Attachment Disorders

Back 2

Must have had an onset of symptoms before age five, and have a developmental age of at least nine months.

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Reactive Attachment Disorder

Back 3

Persistent pattern of inhibited and emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers

(a) does not seek comfort when distressed

(b) 2 social and emotional disturbances (min. social responding, min pos. affect, unexplained irritability/sadness/ fear with caregivers)

Front 4

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

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Characterized by inappropriate interactions with unfamiliar adults

Requires 2 of 4 sx:

1) reduced or absent reticence with strangers

2) overly familiar behavior with strangers

3) diminished or absent checking with adult caregivers after being separated from them

4) willingness to accompany a stranger

Front 5

PTSD - Brain regions

Back 5

hyperactivity in the amygdala

hypoactivity in hippocampus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex & anterior cingulate cortex.

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PTSD - Neurotransmitters

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INCREASED: norepinephrine (arousal/reactivity), glutamate (dissociation)

DECREASED: seretonin (hypervigalence, intrusions), low GABA may make you vulnerable to PTSD

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PTSD - Adult Psychotherapy

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First line: CPT and PE

Second line: EMDR, WET, brief eclectic therapy

NO to debriefing

Front 8

PTSD - Child Therapy

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Trauma Focused CBT

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PTSD - Psychopharmacology Treatment

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SSRIs fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline and the SNRI venlafaxine

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Dissociative Disorders

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“a disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior”

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Dissociative Amnesia - 5 types

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inability to recall important personal information that cannot be attributed to ordinary forgetfulness and causes significant distress or impaired functioning.

localized, selective, generalized, systematized and continuous

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Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

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persistent or recurrent episodes of depersonalization (a sense of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer of one’s thoughts, actions, etc.)

or derealization (a sense of unreality or detachment with regard to one’s surroundings)

accompanied by intact reality testing and significant distress or impaired functioning.

Front 13

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Back 13

one or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or cause a significant disruption in daily life

1) disproportionate or persistent thoughts about the seriousness of the symptoms,

2) high anxiety about health or symptoms

3) excessive time and energy spent on health concerns or symptoms

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Illness Anxiety Disorder

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preoccupation with having a serious illness with no or mild symptoms, excessive anxiety about health, and either excessive health-related behaviors or avoidance of health care.

Sxs must be present for at least six months

Front 15

Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)

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one or more symptoms that involve a disturbance in voluntary motor or sensory functioning (e.g., paralysis, blindness) without organic cause.

Can involve psychogenic seizures.

Front 16

Factitious Disorder

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falsify or induce physical or psychological symptoms that are associated with a deception (e.g., ingestion of a drug to produce abnormal lab results). Present as Ill/impaired even without rewards. Disorder can be imposed on self or other.

Front 17

Malingering vs Factitious Disorder

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Malingering occurs for financial gain or other benefit while FD occurs regardless of reward or benefit