Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Health psychology
|
field of psychology that contribute to behavior medicine. Studies stress-related aspects of disease and asks questions of stress
|
|
|
Stress
|
any circumstance (real or perceived) that threatens a person’s well being
|
|
|
Distress
|
negative stress (tests, arguments, bills)
|
|
|
Eustress
|
positive stress (marriage, competition, volunteering)
|
|
|
Reasons for Stress
|
Catastrophic events—earthquake, floods, depressed, sleepless, and anxiety
Significant Life Changes—death of loved one, divorce, loss of job, promotion Daily hassles—rush hour traffic, long lines, job stress, becoming burnt out Physical lifestyles—smoking, exercise, alcohol, busy (Type A/B) Heredity—temperament, argumentative |
|
|
Approach-Approach
|
two options, both appear good
|
|
|
Avoidance-Avoidance
|
both options appear bad
|
|
|
Approach-Avoidance
|
both unattractive and attractive
|
|
|
Multiple Approach-Avoidance
|
Two or more choices both good and bad
|
|
|
General Adaptation Syndrome
|
c. Alarm—stressor perceived. Sympathetic NS aroused—adrenaline, noradrenaline secreted. Arousal
d. Resistance—Alarm mobilizes body and stressor isn’t removed, hormones released slower e. Exhaustion—capacity to resist stress exhausted. Adrenal and other glands can’t secrete anymore hormones |
|
|
Problem-focused coping
|
reduces stress by changing events that cause stress or by changing how we react to stress
|
|
|
Emotion-focused coping
|
cannot change stressful situation, and we respond by attending to our own emotional needs
|
|
|
Social support
|
Supportive people help one cope with stress feeling valued and affirmed by friends and family
|
|
|
Deviate
|
to move away from. Must cause distress
|
|
|
Adequacy Personal Growth Model
|
Adequate Daily Function—do everything/can’t leave house (paranoid at neighbor)
Adequate Personal Care—ex. Hair Pulling Disorder Adequate Interpersonal—hold relationships |
|
|
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
|
Irrationally and continually tense and uneasy (worry something bad will happen)
Automatic arousal (leads to high BP or ulcers)—psychosomatic illness Inability to identify or avoid causes of certain feelings (hypochondria |
|
|
hypochondria
|
when healthy person thinks they’re sick but aren’t (imaginary)
|
|
|
placebo effect
|
"fake” medicine to cure fake illness (ex. sugar pills)
|
|
|
panic disorder
|
minutes-long episodes of intense dread which may include feelings of terror, chest pains, choking, or other frightening sensations
|
|
|
anorexia nervosa
|
concern for losing weight through inadequate dieting. May eat, but never eat enough. All about CONTROL
|
|
|
bulimia nervosa
|
eat a lot, then puke (binge/purge)—deadly diet. Eat foods high in calories but not nutrients. Vomiting, laxative abuse, fasting, excessive exercise
|
|
|
obesity
|
eating beyond rational needs. Cope with low self-esteem by eating (food as security). Most common in Western cultures (especially US)
|
|
|
phobia
|
marked by persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior
|
|
|
types of phobias
|
specific, social, agoraphobia
IRRATIONAL |
|
|
obsessive compulsive disorder
|
persistence of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsion) that cause distress
|
|
|
post traumatic stress disorder
|
memories of a traumatic experience that haunts a person in sleep or social situations
|
|
|
mood disorder
|
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes
|
|
|
depression cycle
|
a. Negative stressful events
b. Negative explanatory style (pessimistic) c. Hopeless state (depressed mood) d. Hamper thoughts and actions, feeling personal rejection (cognitive and behavior change) |
|
|
major depressive disorder
|
signs of depression last for two or more weeks.
Lethargy and fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, loss of interest in family and friends, and loss of interest in activities |
|
|
dysthymic disorder
|
daily depression lasting two or more years. Lies between blue mood an MDD. How life is
|
|
|
autism
|
childhood psychosis with difficulties of social interaction, mainly boys
|
|
|
fugue
|
amnesiac who goes to different environment and creates a different identity
|
|
|
schizophrenia
|
has a confused view of world around them. Thinks that everyone knows what they’re thinking
|
|
|
symptoms of schizophrenia
|
Disorganized and delusional thinking—scatter-brained, split from reality
fragmented thoughts, grandeur delusion—false belief despite contrary evidence delusion grandeur—think they’re someone great/famous ex. Steve the Pirate, found cure for cancer in cereal Disturbed perceptions—perceive things are not there (hallucinations) catatonia—paralysis caused by mental processes (think they’re invisible, yet malleable) Inappropriate emotions and actions apathy—inappropriate emotions catatonia—inappropriate actions |
|
|
personality disorder
|
characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. Usually without anxiety, depression, or delusions. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS LOW
|
|
|
dissociative identity disorder
|
Person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities, formerly multiple personality disorder
almost like hiding through sheltered Usually the result of childhood trauma—physical abuse psychoanalytic—defense against unacceptable urges (new personality can act on those urges)—hypnosis helps. Ex. sex, anger, obnoxious personalities learning theory—behavior reinforced by anxiety reduction (as a new person there’s less anxiety). |
|
|
narcissistic personality disorder
|
strong need to be admired, grandiose sense of self-importance and lack of sympathy for others. KEY—self-centered feelings of superiority
|
|
|
antisocial personality disorder
|
disorder where person (usually men) exhibits lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members. Formerly sociopath/psychopath. No remorse for criminal behavior
|
|
|
therapy
|
person seeks method to cope with psychological illnesses. Goal: help the individual return to an adequate, fulfilling life
|
|
|
biomedical treatments
|
use drugs and other procedures that act on patient’s nervous system curing of psychological disorder. Treated by psychiatrists
|
|
|
psychopharmacology
|
prescribing drugs to cure pscyhologcial disorder.
Ex. antianxiety, lithium (bipolar) |
|
|
electroconvulsive therapy
|
shock treatment, controversial, uncommon. MAJOR DEPRESSION used
|
|
|
psychosurgery
|
emotionally charged, confiding interactions between a trained therapist and mental patient. CARING, TRUSTING relationships
|
|
|
eclectic approach
|
use various forms of healing techniques depending upon client’s unique problems
|
|
|
psychoanalysis therapy
|
a. Goal: try to reduce anxiety and guilt by making them aware of unconscious thoughts that are the root of their problems. INSIGHT
|
|
|
free association
|
client relaxes and says whatever comes to mind
|
|
|
transference
|
client transfers thoughts/feelings to other people
|
|
|
humanistic therapy
|
a. Goal: help individuals reach their full potential
|
|
|
person-centered therapy
|
Carl Rogers. Role is to help clients find true self. Clients are equals
|
|
|
Behaviorism therapy
|
a. Goal: behavior modification—help people develop more adequate behaviors
|
|
|
counterconditioning
|
pairs stimulus that triggers unwanted behavior with more desirable behavior. Include systematic desensitization, modeling, aversive conditioning
|
|
|
token economy
|
a system of rewards where patients doing appropriate behavior receive a token. Exchanged for rewards
|
|
|
cognitive therapy
|
a. Goal: help people learn to think about problems in productive way
|
|
|
rational emotive therapy
|
Ellis based on idea people basically logical in thinking and actions; however, assumptions can be wrong
Therapies identify and challenge false assumptions |
