Psychology Test

Front 1

Work on expectancy-values and how our beliefs and values affect our actions was developed under the ___ approach to understanding motivation.

Back 1

Incentive

Front 2

Incentive

Back 2

positive or negative stimuli in the environment. motivates us to act.

Front 3

After dinner, Mitchell feels full and satisfied. a few later, he gets up off the couch, heads to the kitchen and grabs a candy bar. His anticipation of the delicious taste of chocolate was his ___ for choosing to eat even though he was full.

Back 3

Incentive

Front 4

Arousal

Back 4

state of physical and mental alertness

Front 5

motivation

Back 5

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

Front 6

Instinct

Back 6

unlearned complex behavior with a fixed pattern throughout a species.

Front 7

Maslows hierarchy of needs

Back 7

Theory developed out of the humanistic approach to understanding motivation

Front 8

Lazarus cognitive mediation theory

Back 8

emphasizes the importance of cognitive appraisal. this theory suggests that cognitive appraisal of a stimulus must take place before the emotional arousal and response.

Front 9

The Yerkes-Dodson law

Back 9

states that performance peaks with a moderate level of arousal

Front 10

the expectancy-value theory

Back 10

defines satisfaction as an individual's sense of achieving a certain outcome based on their expectations

Front 11

Chris is in his twenties and has completed college; he has satisfied his curiosity about other cultures with a trip around the world when he graduated. According to Maslow, which needs might he work to satisfy next.

Back 11

Aesthetic Needs

Front 12

The motivation approach in which behavior is explained in terms of the external stimulus and its rewarding properties

Back 12

Incentive Approach

Front 13

Drive

Back 13

psychological tension and physical arousal created when the is a need that motivates the organism to act ib order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension.

Front 14

self-actualization

Back 14

a complete feeling of self-acceptance and a awareness of fulfilling ones unique potential

Front 15

Drive Reduction theory proposes that

Back 15

Humans seek homeostasis, motivating them to achieve balance when a need arises

Front 16

The theory of human motivation in which the social context of an action has an effect on the type of motivation existing for the action is the

Back 16

Self determination theory

Front 17

The approach to understanding motivation that is based solely on the belief in the need for stimulation is the ____ approach

Back 17

Arousal

Front 18

Dwecks theory of motivation

Back 18

Theory of motivation in which the social context of an action has an effect on the type of motivation existing for the action

Front 19

Why is it that there are two different curves to describe our optimal level of arousal on a curve illustrating the Yerkes-Dodson law

Back 19

Because our optimal level of arousal is mediated by the difficulty of the task being undertaken with levels being higher on easy tasks and lower on difficult tasks

Front 20

Insulin

Back 20

Hormone secreted by the pancreas that signals hunger by lowering blood sugar levels

Front 21

Glucose

Back 21

Blood sugar; when levels rise, insulin reduces them

Front 22

Glucagons

Back 22

Hormones that are secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by increasing the level of glucose in the bloodstream

Front 23

Leptin

Back 23

Hormone that may play a role in controlling how hungry an individual feels

Front 24

Not a factor that creates obesity

Back 24

A raised metabolism as people age

Front 25

Factors that can lead to obesity

Back 25

1.Heredity
2.Overeating
3.Problems with body's lepton production

Front 26

Metabolism

Back 26

Physical or chemical processes that the body uses to convert or use energy

Front 27

Severe tooth decay, erosion of the esophagus, potassium, calcium imbalances, damage to tge intestinal tract, heart problems, fatigue, and seizures, are all severe consequences of _____

Back 27

Bulimia nervosa

Front 28

Bulimia nervosa

Back 28

a condition in which a person develops a cycle of overeating; followed by the use of inappropriate methods (such as vomiting or laxative) to avoid weight gain.

Front 29

Anorexia nervosa

Back 29

condition in which a person weighs 15% less than their ideal or expected body weight

Front 30

Binging

Back 30

Not a consequence of effect of bulimia, it is one of the actions that causes the side effects. It is the consumption of excessive amounts of food.

Front 31

Insulin and glucagon are hormones secreted by the ____ to control the levels of fats, carbohydrates, and protiens in the whole body

Back 31

pancreas

Front 32

The us has the highest rate of obesity in the world because ___ of its population is obese

Back 32

1/3

Front 33

The rate at which the body burns energy while resting is the ____

Back 33

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Front 34

Weight Set Point

Back 34

The level of weight that the body tries to maintain

Front 35

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Back 35

is a measure derived from a person's height and weight, designed to indicate if a person is overweight or underweight

Front 36

An example of a social component of hunger

Back 36

A girl feels lonely so she eats an extra helping of dessert to cheer her up

Front 37

Social Components of Hunger

Back 37

Includes social cues for when meals are to be eaten, cultural customs and food preferences, and the use of food as a comfort device or as an escape from the unpleasantness

Front 38

Role of the lateral hypothalamus

Back 38

To trigger the eating response when insulin levels go up. secretes hormone orexin.

Front 39

Orexin

Back 39

Brings on a feeling of hunger. Orexogenic response

Front 40

Role of Ventromedical Hypothalamus

Back 40

Stop the eating when the glucose levels go up

Front 41

Vetromedical Hypothalamus

Back 41

Suppresses hunger and sends out anorexogenic signals that stop an animal from eating

Front 42

Term heterosexual refers to a person's ____

Back 42

sexual orientation

Front 43

Sexual Orientation

Back 43

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of the same sex, other sex, or both

Front 44

what did Alfred Kinsey believe about sexual orientation

Back 44

he believed that sexual orientation falls on a continuum with same people falling at either extreme and same falling in the middle

Front 45

Which is the shortest phase of the sexual response cycle

Back 45

Orgasm

Front 46

Orgasm Phase

Back 46

a series of rhythmic contractions of the muscles of the vaginal walls or the penis, third and shortest phase of sexual response

Front 47

Excitement Phase

Back 47

The 1st phase of the sexual response cycle. This stage can last from a few minutes to a few hours

Front 48

Plateau Phase

Back 48

Second phase of the sexual response cycle

Front 49

Resolution

Back 49

Fourth Phase of the sexual response

Front 50

Masters and Johnson are known for research concerning _____

Back 50

The physical response that occurs during sexual activity

Front 51

Sexual Dysfunction

Back 51

A problem with sexual functioning or the actual physical workings of the sex act and can be caused by a number of factors

Front 52

Organic Factors

Back 52

Affecting sexual functioning include physical problems or stress. They can affect sexual interests, arousal, and response

Front 53

Physiological Factors

Back 53

Affecting sexual functioning included problems such as low self-esteem, anxiety, self-consciousness or previous sexual abusive experiences

Front 54

Paraphilia

Back 54

a condition where a person's arousal and gratification depends on fantasizing or engaging in sexual behavior that is atypical

Front 55

True about the resolution phase if the sexual response cycle

Back 55

woman can still experience an orgasm

Front 56

A study conducted by Kitayama & Markus showed that Japanese students associated emotion of happiness with feelings of friendliness and social engagement. The study demonstrated an aspect of processing emotion in a ____ culture

Back 56

Collectivistic

Front 57

Part of brain associated with emotion. Responsible for detecting emotions in the facial expressions of others. Critical for experiencing fear. Part of the Limbic system and is essential for unconscious emotional responses such as fight or flight response

Back 57

Amygdala

Front 58

Located in the base of the brainstem and the forebrain. it plays a significant role in regulating many central drive systems.

Back 58

Hypothalamus

Front 59

Cerebral Cortex

Back 59

an outer part of the brain that is mainly involved in the coordination of sensory and motor movement

Front 60

Cerebellum

Back 60

Part of the brain that coordinates muscle movement and maintains equilibrium. it is involved in conditioning and forming procedural memories and habits relates to movement.

Front 61

An adaptation of Charles Darwin's theory that when an emotion is expressed freely on the face, the emotion intensifies

Back 61

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Front 62

Proposes that the physiological experience of heart pounding or tears flowing causes you to feel afraid or sad

Back 62

James-Lange theory

Front 63

States that a stimulus leads to an emotional reaction which in turn produces arousal

Back 63

Common-Sense theory

Front 64

element of emotions

Back 64

Physical Arousal

Front 65

Schachter-Singers cognitive arousal theory (2 factor theory)

Back 65

Cognitive evaluation happens alongside a persons physiological arousal to create the emotion he or she experiences

Front 66

The mental and physiological components of emotion happen simultaneously

Back 66

The cannon-bard theory of emotion

Front 67

Part of the brain involved in the interpretation of facial expressions conveying emotion

Back 67

Right Hemisphere