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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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linguistics studies which 3 parts of language?
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origin, structure, and use
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2 questions at the heart of psycholinguistic use?
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what knowledge is needed to use a language?
and what cognitive processes are involved in the ordinary use of language? |
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tactic vs explicit knowledge?
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tactic knowledge: how to perform something
explicit knowledge: how the processes/mechanisms are used |
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4 broad areas of language knowledge & their meaning?
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semantics: meaning of sentences and words
syntax: the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence & rules for doing so phonology: concerns the system of sounds in a language pragmatics: entails the social rules involved in language use |
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what is Wernicke's aphasia?
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the breakdown in semantics while phonological and syntax structures may remain intact
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How did William Wundt's theory view speech production? how did it NOT view speech production?
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viewed it as a word-by-word process, NOT, as beginning with the whole sentence
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define grammar
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a finite set of rules for combining units of language that will produce all of the allowable sentences in a language & none that are unallowable
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3 levels of linguistic cognitive processes and definitions?
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1. computational: (linguistics) general description of what a system does & why; nature of rules that underly a language sytem
2. representational: (psycholinguistics) how computations are done; how is info used to produce language output; how do we mentally understand language 3. implementable: (neurolinguistics) how is it physically realized; what's happening with auditory, visual, & neurons with understanding language |
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is linguistic knowledge mostly explicit or tactic?
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tactic
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define: eye-voice span
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the 6-7 word lag between eye position and voice when reading aloud
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define: tachistoscope
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a machine that presents visual stimuli for very brief periods of time
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define Osgood's semantic differential
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a tool for measuring the associative meanings of words by asking people to rate words on dimensions such as good/bad and strong/weak
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who was William Wundt (1832-1920)?
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A man trained in psysiology who believed that it was possible to investigate mental events such as sensations, feelings, and images by using procedures as rigorous as those used in the natural sciences
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who is the most influential figure in 20th century linguistics? Why?
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Noam Chomsky
He played a powerful role in how psychologists perceive language because he argued that the behaviorists accounts of language were inadequate |
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define: discontinuous constituents
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separate units in a sentence
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define Chomsky's poverty of stimulus argument
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he argued that language acquisition cannot be explained in terms of children's language experience because there is not enough information in the language samples given to children to fully account for the richness and complexity of children's language
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define both: rationalists and empiricists
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rationalists: emphasize the role of innate factors in human behavior AND emphasize the use of argument
empiricists: stress the role of experience in behavior AND favor the collection of data as a means for evaluating hypotheses |
