Psychology - Child Development

Front 1

Development Psychology

Back 1

The specialized study of how an individuals physical, social, emotional, moral, and intellectual development occur in sequential interrelated stages throughout the life cycle.

Front 2

Object Permanence

Back 2

A child's realization that an object exists even when he or she cannot see or touch it.

Front 3

Representational Thought

Back 3

The intellectual ability of a child to picture something in his or her mind.

Front 4

Conservation

Back 4

The principle that a given quantity does not change when its appearance is changed.

Front 5

Egocentric

Back 5

A young child's inability to understand another person's perspective.

Front 6

Maturation

Back 6

Internally programmed growth

Front 7

Telegraphic Speech

Back 7

Children leave out words or use wrong verb tenses but still get the message across. Example: "where my apple?"

Front 8

Schemas

Back 8

Mental representations of the world

Front 9

Assimilation

Back 9

A process where we try to fit a new object/concept in a preexisting schema. Example: All 4 legged animals -> Dog

Front 10

Accommodation

Back 10

A process where we changed our schema to fit the characteristics of a object/concept. Example: Bottle -> Cup

Front 11

Authoritarian Families

Back 11

The parent rules; Kids have no choice

Front 12

Democratic/Authoritative Families

Back 12

Kids and parents set boundaries together and get a voice; Parents still have final say

Front 13

Permissive/Laissez-Faire Families

Back 13

Kids have final say; Parents avoid conflict

Front 14

Uninvolved Parents

Back 14

Parents couldn't care less about kids existence; Parents not involved in life

Front 15

Sensorimotor (Birth - 2 years)

Back 15

Behavior consists of simple motor, responses to sensory stimuli; Lacks concept of object permanence

Front 16

Preoperational (2 - 7 years)

Back 16

Lacks operations (reverse mental processes); Exhibits egocentric thinking; Lacks concept of conservation; Uses symbols (such as words or mental images) to solve simple problems or to talk about things that are not present

Front 17

Concrete Operations (7 - 11 years)

Back 17

Begins to understand concept of conservation; Still has trouble with abstract ideas; Classification abilities improve; Masters concept of conservation

Front 18

Formal Operations (11 years - onward)

Back 18

Understands abstract ideas and hypothetical situations; Capable of logical and deductive reasoning

Front 19

Imprinting

Back 19

Inherited tendencies/responses displayed by newborn animals when encountering new stimuli. For example, ducks thinking the first thing that moves is their mother.

Front 20

Oedipus Complex

Back 20

Little boys tend to love their mother and hate their father because they feel he's competition to her love.

Front 21

Critical Period

Back 21

The stage/period in development when skills/abilities are easily learned.

Front 22

Oral Stage (Birth - 18 months)

Back 22

During this stage a child is focused on oral pleasure (sucking). Too much or too little gratification can result in an oral fixation or oral personality which is evidenced by a preoccupation with oral activities. Example: nail biting, chewing on straws, over eating, smoking, drinking alcohol

Front 23

Anal Stage (18 months - 3 years)

Back 23

A child's focus of pleasure in this stage is on eliminating and retaining feces. Through society's pressure, mainly via parents, the child has to learn to control anal stimulation. In terms of personality, after effects of an anal fixation during this stage can result in an obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and control (anal retentive). On the opposite end of the spectrum, they may become messy and disorganized (anal expulsive)

Front 24

Phallic Stage (3 years - 6 years)

Back 24

The pleasure zone switches to the genitals. Freud believed that during this stage a boy develops an unconscious sexual desire for their mother and becomes rivals with their father for their mothers affection. During this time, boys also develop a fear that their father will punish them for these feelings, such as castrating them. Eventually the child decides they can't beat their father so they join them and pick up his characteristics. A fixation at this stage could result in sexual deviancies (both overindulging and avoidance) and weak, confused sexual identity.

Front 25

Latency Stage (6 years - Puberty)

Back 25

During this stage sexual urges remain repressed and children interact and play mostly with same sex peers.

Front 26

Genital Stage (Puberty on)

Back 26

The final stage; Begins at start of puberty when sexual urges are once again awakened. Through lessons from previous stages, adolescents direct their sexual urges onto opposite sex peers, with the primary focus of pleasure being the genitals.

Front 27

Trust vs. Mistrust (early infancy)

Back 27

Is my world predictable and supportive?

Front 28

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (1 - 3 years)

Back 28

Can I do things myself or must I rely on others?

Front 29

Initiative vs. Guild (3 - 6 years)

Back 29

Am I good or bad?

Front 30

Industry vs. Inferiority (6 - 12 years)

Back 30

Am I successful or worthless?

Front 31

Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adults / High School)

Back 31

Shall I share my life with someone or live alone

Front 32

Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adult)

Back 32

Will I succeed in life?

Front 33

Egointegrity vs. Despair (Older Adult)

Back 33

Have I lived a full life?

Front 34

Psychoanalysis

Back 34

Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Unconscious, Dreams, Free word association