Psych Exam Study

Front 1

The Gestalt law of ____________ states that when parts of an array of stimuli are perceived as being alike, they will be perceived as belonging together.

Back 1

similarity

Front 2

Where are sound vibrations turned into neural signals for processing in the brain

Back 2

cochlea

Front 3

According to one theory of color vision, colors are signaled in pairs by neurons that fire faster to one color and slower to another color. This theory is known as the

Back 3

opponent process theory

Front 4

Most visual illusions can be attributed to _________________ that ordinarily help us to perceive the world accurately

Back 4

perceptual constancies

Front 5

Sensation is to ___________ as Perception is to ___________

Back 5

Bottom Up Processing / Top Down Processing

Front 6

The ability of our nervous system to localize the source of various sounds is primarily determined by:

Back 6

the fact that we have an ear on each side of our head.

Front 7

____________ processing occurs when individual stimulus units are taken by the nervous system and assembled into wholes, while _____________ takes place when sensory stimuli are interpreted relative to preexisting knowledge or expectations.

Back 7

Bottom-up; top-down

Front 8

The first stop in the cortex to begin the “reconstruction” process of turning neural signals into interpretive information occurs in the _____________, also known as V1

Back 8

primary visual cortex

Front 9

As Briana drove down the highway the pickets of the fences moved past her in a blur, but the mountains in the distance didn't appear to move at all. Briana was experiencing

Back 9

the monocular cue for depth called motion parallax

Front 10

The process in which visual information, such as colour, distance, and movement, is simultaneously analyzed is referred to as:

Back 10

parallel processing.

Front 11

When you move your head in one direction, your eyes reflexively move in the opposite direction to compensate, allowing you to maintain your gaze on the object that you are looking at. This reflex is called the

Back 11

vestibule-ocular reflex

Front 12

Which of the following was mentioned as an example of a situational factor that influences decision criterion?

Back 12

the costs associated with an incorrect decision

Front 13

The Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory was not supported by a phenomenon known as _________, which occurs if a stimulus is viewed steadily and is then withdrawn.

Back 13

an afterimage

Front 14

A perceptual set implies that

Back 14

people often see what they expect to see

Front 15

Much of our perception of visual stimuli occurs in the visual cortex. Much of our perception of auditory stimuli occurs in the

Back 15

temporal lobe

Front 16

If heat is applied to the skin, the skin's "warm" receptors __________, and the skin's "cold" receptors __________.

Back 16

fire more rapidly; cease their spontaneous firing

Front 17

As the large butterfly flew toward Richard, he could tell it was getting closer because he could feel his eyes turning inward toward his nose as he watched it. In this instance, Richard was able to judge how far away the butterfly was using the depth cue of

Back 17

convergence

Front 18

The human eye contains more _______ than ________ photoreceptors

Back 18

rods / cones

Front 19

One study found that when presented with a picture, North American and European participants perceived an object as being a window behind a woman, while East Africans interpreted the same object as a box or basket on top of the woman's head. This study was is an example of:

Back 19

the effect of cultural experiences on picture perception.

Front 20

A brief flash of light in Anita's right visual field would have registered:

Back 20

on the left side of each retina before traveling to the left occipital lobe

Front 21

Our tendency to fill in an incomplete figure and perceive it as more complete than it actually is called the law of

Back 21

closure

Front 22

The area of scientific study that is concerned with people's abilities to detect differences or changes in stimuli is called:

Back 22

psychophysics.

Front 23

The movement of a stimulus across the retina is the primary cue utilized in:

Back 23

perceiving motion

Front 24

Gestalt psychologists have pointed to a number of principles to describe how sound elements are either grouped to form a single sound object or are segregated to form multiple sound objects. According to these rules of thumb:

Back 24

sounds that are in close proximity, time, or frequency, tend to be grouped together

Front 25

What source of information relies on the fact that a sound source on the left will generate sound that will reach the left ear slightly before it reaches the right ear?

Back 25

interaural time differences (ITD)

Front 26

Wanda hears a loud bang. She perceives it coming from the left of where she’s standing because the sound level at the left ear was somewhat higher than the sound level at the right ear. What source of information does this example demonstrate?

Back 26

interaural level differences (ILD

Front 27

Sensory adaptation to a stimulus is said to occur when:

Back 27

sensory neurons decrease their response to a constant stimulus.

Front 28

You are reading the ads in "International Intruder" as you are waiting in the checkout line at a local grocery store. One of the ads is for subliminal tapes that cost $180. The advertisers claim using the tapes will double your memory capacity in just 14 days. Based on the research that has been conducted into the effectiveness of subliminal messages, you should:

Back 28

put down the magazine and pay for your groceries because the evidence suggests that subliminal messages have little impact on actual behavior

Front 29

Little Lisa realizes that her mother is further away from her than the car, as the car is occluding her mother. Which depth cue is Lisa using?

Back 29

interposition

Front 30

The recognition of an incoming stimulus is presumably facilitated by the presence of a __________, which is a mental representation or image that we compare the stimulus to.

Back 30

perceptual schema

Front 31

The superhero “NightHawk” has excellent night vision but poor vision in the daytime. “NightHawk’s” ability is likely due to an unusually large number of

Back 31

rods

Front 32

Which of the following was mentioned as an example of a situational factor that influences decision criterion?

Back 32

the costs associated with an incorrect decision

Front 33

The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on

Back 33

top-down processing

Front 34

________________ refers to the tendency of our visual system to perceive an object as having the same dimensions and measurements, even though the image of the object on our retina may change with distance.

Back 34

Size constancy

Front 35

When attempting to locate a constellation in the night sky, Sally notices that she can see the stars better if she doesn't look directly at them. In doing this, the light from the star she wishes to see falls ____________ to the part of the retina that has a higher concentration of ____________, which are better adapted to seeing at night.

Back 35

away from the fovea; rods

Front 36

Michael and Sybil were walking one night when they heard a car backfire. Michael was convinced the sound came from directly in front of them, and Sybil was convinced the sound came from directly behind them. One reason they might have difficulty localizing the sound is

Back 36

the sound waves would have arrived at both ears at the same instant

Front 37

What is the process by which the presence of one low-frequency sound makes another high-frequency sound more difficult to hear, particularly at high sound intensities?

Back 37

upward spread of masking

Front 38

In attempting to decide which of two objects is farther away, you notice that the grain on one of them appears to be finer. Therefore, you decide that this one is closer. What monocular depth cue are you making use of?

Back 38

texture

Front 39

The process in which visual information, such as colour, distance, and movement, is simultaneously analyzed is referred to as

Back 39

parallel processing

Front 40

In general, we extract four kinds of meaning (characteristics) from each stimulus:

Back 40

modality, quantity, location and duration (adaptation

Front 41

Which of the following parts of the ear has a role in maintaining balance

Back 41

the semicircular canals