Psych 372 Chapters 1-3

Front 1

sociocultural perspective

Back 1

the view that a persons views are affected by factors such as nationality, social class, and historical trends

-importance of social norms

Front 2

social learning

Back 2

rewards and punishment, observing how others are rewarded/punished for their social behaviors

Front 3

social cognitive

Back 3

what we pay attention to in a social situation, how we interpret it, and how we connect the current situation to related experiences in memory

Front 4

social behavior is goal oriented--

Back 4

represents a continual interaction between the person and the situation

Front 5

what is a benefit of a case study

Back 5

the use existing records but they don't gather new data

Front 6

negative correlations

Back 6

as one goes up the other goes down

Front 7

exemplar

Back 7

knowledge of a specific episode, event, or individual

Front 8

schema

Back 8

knowledge about generalized information

Front 9

priming

Back 9

the process of activating knowledge or goals; making them ready to use

- active a construct and hope people follow that

Front 10

counterfactual thinking

Back 10

thinking about what might have been if something else happened

-linked to emotion of regret

Front 11

self perception process

Back 11

people observe their own behavior to infer their own internal characteristics

-ideas about the kind of person you are

Front 12

self regulation

Back 12

process in action; people select, monitor, and adjust their strategies in an attempt to reach their goals

Front 13

pluralistic ignorance

Back 13

people in a group misperceive the beliefs of others because everyone acts inconsistently with their beliefs

- ex. binge drinking

Front 14

injunctive norms

Back 14

what's approved and disapproved in a situation

Front 15

descriptive norms

Back 15

what people typically do

- ex. wearing blue jeans (in a group)

Front 16

mental scripts

Back 16

help us coordinate our behaviors with the behaviors of others and avoid violating the injunctive norms of the situation

-schema for a particular event

Front 17

strong situations

Back 17

afford a narrower range of opportunities and threats for the people in them and have a very clear threat

-have obvious injunctive and descriptive norms

Front 18

weak situations

Back 18

afford a relatively wide range of opportunities and threats

-lack of clear descriptive norms, behaviors of others vary greatly, few injunctive norms

Front 19

individualistic cultures

Back 19

view themselves as unique individuals and to prioritize their personal goals

Front 20

collectivistic cultures

Back 20

view themselves in terms of their relationships and as a member of the larger social group

Front 21

person-situation fit

Back 21

the extent to which a person and a situation are compatible:

-situation provides and opportunity

-situations change people

-situations choose the person

-people choose their situations based on opportunity

-ability to change a situation

-different situations prime different parts of the person

Front 22

multiple selves

Back 22

view yourself in different ways

Front 23

downward social comparison

Back 23

compare yourself to people who aren't as well off as you

Front 24

upward social comparison

Back 24

compare yourself to someone who is better off than you

-provides modivation

Front 25

social cognition

Back 25

people think about and make sense of themselves and others

Front 26

the four core processes of social cognition

Back 26

attention, interpretation, judgement, and memory

Front 27

fundamental attribution error

Back 27

we explain someone's behavior based on internal factors, such as personality or disposition andpeople don't discount external factors as much as they should

Front 28

cognitive heuristic

Back 28

a mental shortcut used to make a judgement

Front 29

representative heuristic

Back 29

how well someones characteristics fit with or represent different groups

-use of our expectations and appearance

Front 30

availability heuristic

Back 30

mental shortcut to estimate the likelihood of an event by the ease with which instances of that event come to mind

-how easy it felt to remember certain situations

Front 31

false consensus effect

Back 31

overestimate the extent to which others agree to us

Front 32

anchoring and adjustment heuristic

Back 32

people begin with a rough estimation as a starting point and then adjust this estimation to take into account unique characteristics of the present situation

Front 33

"need for structure"

Back 33

the extent to which people are motivated to organize their mental and physical worlds in simple ways

-form stereotypes easy, attribute others behaviors to their dispositions, personal need for structure scale

Front 34

embodiment

Back 34

experience of emotion through physical attributions

- ex. smiling because of a pencil in your teeth

Front 35

positive self regard

Back 35

belief that we're effective, can accomplish our goals, indicates how we're doing in our social life, how successfully we're living up to societies standards of value

Front 36

correspondent inference theory

Back 36

how a person might logically determine whether a particular behavior corresponds to an enduring characteristic of the actor ( the situation now, not from the past)

Front 37

covariation model

Back 37

people pick among several possible causes by weighing most heavily the potential cause that best correlates with the event (consistency, distinctiveness, consensus)

-behavior intended, consequence foreseeable, occur with free choice

Front 38

discounting principle

Back 38

as the number of possible causes increase, we become less sure that any particular cause is the true one

Front 39

augmenting principle

Back 39

if an event occurs despite powerful countervailing or opposing forces, we can view the events probable cause as especially potent

-from outside the immediate situation, makes your inference stronger

Front 40

motivated tactician

Back 40

people change the way they think depending on what the situation needs

Front 41

indirect measure

Back 41

people don't know exactly what's being measured

Front 42

mortality salience

Back 42

aware about your own death and you turn to the values that are important to you

-tend to think of the world more thoroughly when depressed

Front 43

reflected appraisal

Back 43

person's perception of how others see and describe them, and that is how they think of themselves