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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Behavioral Psychology |
Focus on learning and how we teach things Ex.) Training animals and potty training |
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Cognitive Psychology |
Study of how people remember things |
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Humanist Psychologists |
Are very relaxed and real with patients -Non-judgmental -Smaller group created by Carl Rogers |
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Psychoanalytic Psychologists |
Study the unconscious mind and dreams -Freud: All personality is formed by age 5 |
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Social Psychology |
Study people in groups Ex.) Gangs, cults, juries, etc. |
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Psychobiology |
Study of how hormones and neurotransmitters may affect personality -Study drugs and chemical imbalances |
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Single Blind Studies |
The subjects do not know what group they are in, but the researcher does |
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Double Blind Studies |
Neither the subjects nor the researchers know who is in which group |
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Testimonials |
When people use personal experience as data -Con: They never show how much data Ex.) Weight loss commercials (before and after) |
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Positive Correlation |
When one variable goes up, the other variable also goes up |
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Negative Correlation |
When one variable goes up, the other variable goes down |
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Dependent Variable |
The test subjects (always has to be a number to put into the computer) -Is always y |
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Independent Variable |
The treatment or what you are studying -Is always x -Is usually a drug |
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Self Fulfilling Prophecy |
Changing behavior unknowingly to get the results you want in a study |
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Confounds |
When you have more than one explanation for the results of your study but you can't separate them |
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Placebo |
A substance administered that has no medical effect |
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Random Selection |
Everyone in the population as an equal chance of making it into the study |
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Random Assignment |
Everyone in each group could represent the general population |
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Axon |
Responsible for carrying signals away from the cell to neighboring neurons, organs, or muscles |
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Dendrite |
Always receive signals, never send them. They are branchlike extensions from the cell body |
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End Bulb |
Store neurotransmitters (dopamine, seratonin) |
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Nucleus |
Inside of the cell body, contains DNA |
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Soma |
The cell body, provides fuel, manufactures chemicals, and maintains the entire neuron in working order |
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Myelin |
Prevents interference from electrical signals -Helps signals travel faster, insulates the axon |
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MS |
Disease that attacks the myelin sheath -Messages between the brain and other parts of the body are disrupted -Problems in motor coordination |
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Central Nervous System |
The brain and spinal cord |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
Made up of nerves throughout the body except the brain and spinal cord |
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Autonomic Nervous System |
Does everything automatic -Functions without conscious effort Ex.) Heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, digestion |
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Sympathetic Nervous System |
Triggers the body into action -Fight or flight (brain loses reason) |
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Parasympathetic Nervous System |
Returns the body to a calmer state Ex.) Digestion |
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Somatic Nervous System |
Consists of a network of nerves that connect to sensory receptors or to muscles that can move voluntarily (muscles in limbs, back, neck, chest) |
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Medulla |
Located at the top of the spinal cord, responsible for heart rate/respiration -Can collapse with drugs and alcohol or head injury |
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Pons |
Anything related to sleep -Bridge to transmit messages between the spinal cord and brain |
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Thalamus |
Relays all senses except for smell |
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Hypothalamus |
Responsible for fight or flight, sex, food, and temperature regulation |
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Reticular Formation |
Produces state of awakeness -Responsible for being unconscious or in a coma |
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Cerebellum |
Responsible for balance and motor coordination -Affects writing and walking |
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Frontal Lobe |
Controls emotions, personality, and the ability to carry out a plan |
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Occipital Lobe |
Responsible for visual information |
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Parietal Lobe |
Responsible for pain, stretch and touch in the limbs -1 on each side of the brain |
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Temporal Lobe |
Controls sound (auditory) -Hearing and speaking |
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Somatosensory Cortex |
-In Parietal lobe -Senses pain, temperature, limb location, and touch -Injury: If you can move but can't feel |
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Auditory Cortex |
-In Temporal lobe -Responsible for hearing -Receives electrical signals from receptors in the ears and transforms into sound |
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Visual Cortex |
-In Occipital lobe -Responsible for vision |
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Motor Cortex |
-In Frontal lobe -Initiation of all voluntary movements Injury: If you can feel but can't move |
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Brocca's Area |
-In Frontal lobe -Responsible for forming words and fluent sentences Injury: Can't create words |
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Wernicke's Area |
-In Temporal lobe -Necessary for speaking in coherent sentences and understanding speech Injury: Can create words but they don't make sense |
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Limbic System |
Responsible for sense of smell and regulating motivational behaviors |
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Hippocampus |
Responsible for memory |
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Consciousness |
The awareness of one's on mental processes |
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Circadian Rhythm |
Internal clock (24 hour clock) |
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REM Sleep |
Rapid eye movement -Waves are high in frequency and low in amplitude -Look very similar to beta waves Ex.) Nightmares, sleep paralysis, cohesive dreams, sleep talking, phasic movements, wet dreams |
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Alpha |
-Relaxed and drowsy, with eyes closed or dipping -Low amplitude high frequency waves (8-12 cycles per second) -Reaction time slows down -People say or do something stupid |
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Delta |
-Low frequency and high amplitude -Occurs 30-45 minutes after dozing off -The deepest sleep--need Ex.) Affects metabolism, night terrors, bed wetting, sleep walking |
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Theta |
-Low amplitude and frequency (3-7 cycles per second) -Really relaxed stage -Lasts about 1-7 minutes Ex.) Dreams, very light sleep, can still make decisions, sociopaths have more theta waves in waking state |
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Continuation of Waking Concerns |
-Continuation of things that happened that day Ex.) Why you shouldn't watch scary movies before sleep |
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Activation Synthesis |
-Hobson and McClarley -Dreams do not have symbolism -Neurons are firing in your brain -Reoccuring dreams |
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Psychodynamic (Freud) |
-The Royal Road to the Unconsciousness -You dream for wish fulfillment |
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Hypnosis |
Heightened state of suggestibility |
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Trance/Altered State Theory |
You are essentially a zombie |
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Social Cognitive/Behavioral Theory |
Take away nervousness of perception |
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Reparative Theory |
Reboot neurotransmitters, end bulbs repair -Auditory visual hallucinations at 72 hours |
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Adaptive Theory |
We sleep at night to avoid predators |
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Depressants |
-Lowers neurotransmission levels, reduces arousal or stimulation in the brain |
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Stimulants |
Increases activity of the central nervous system and result in heightened alertness, arousal, euphoria |
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Hallucinogens |
Psychoactive drugs that can produce strange and unusual perceptual, sensory, and cognitive experiences |
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Psilocybin |
-Produces pleasant and relaxed feelings -Intense fear and paranoia -Pure awareness and magical experiences -Not addictive or dependent
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Tolerance |
After long term use, a person requires more of the substance to get the same effect |
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Dependence |
A change in the nervous system so a person needs to take the drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms |
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Addiction |
A developed behavioral pattern of drug abuse that is marked by an overwhelming and compulsive desire to use the drug even after stopping |
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Marijuana |
-A psychoactive drug that contains THC -Mild euphoria, perceptual and time distortions -Addictive and dependent -Respiratory problems, decrease hormones |
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Heroin/Opiates |
-A type of opiate -Pain reduction, euphoria, constipation -Addictive and dependent -Brain produces less of its own endorphins and relies on the drug Withdrawal: hot and cold flashes, sweating, muscle tremors, nausea, stomach cramps Overdose: Respiratory failure |
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Cocaine |
-Increased heart rate, blood pressure, enhanced mood, alertness, increased activity -Blocks re-uptake of neurotransmitters -Produces pleasure and euphoria Overdose: Heart failure |
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Crystal Methamphetamine |
-Instant high, alertness, increased blood pressure -Addictive and dependent -Happiness and confidence, energy, scratching, large pupils, dry mouth, excessive sweating, increased sex drive Overdose: Heart failure |
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Rohypnol |
-Amnesia, muscle relaxation, sleepiness -Date rape drug -7 times stronger than valium -Addictive and dependent Overdose: Possible |
