Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What are the neurotransmitters involved in attention? |
Acetylcholine - reorienting of attn. Dopamine - voluntary control Norepinephrine - increases with arousal Serotonin - happiness NT; increases when calm (low arousal) NE and 5-HT have reciprocal effect, when one is low the other is high |
|
|
|
Reticular activating system (RAS) |
Located in the brainstem below the superior colliculus, it projects to many regions of the brain. Critically involved in the control of over a arousal and attention. when stimulated, animals become very active. |
|
|
|
Superior Colliculus |
plays a role in the localization of visual stimuli, the control of saccades, and stimulus-driven attention shifts. also involved in IOR difficult to study b/c so deep in brain and small |
|
|
|
Pulvinar (region of the thalamus) |
filters out distractions, allows us to focus. may play a role in covert orienting. |
in a study, pulvinar becomes more active when target flanked with distractors |
|
|
Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) |
involved in interference |
|
|
|
Parietal Cortex |
always active with attentional processing contains spatial maps used for determining the locations of objects and integrating information about location with body movements |
|
|
|
Frontal Cortex |
Executive control area thought to be involved in goal-driven control of attn and selection, initiation and inhibition of motor responses associated with attnal processing |
|
|
|
Why are subcortical areas thought to be involuntary? |
these areas are a lot older and therefore a lot of their involvement is involuntary actions. would have developed before more cognitive operations? |
|
|
|
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) |
very rare disorder that effects the superior colliculus. effects eye movements, cannot move eyes up and down PSP patients show less IOR |
|
|
|
How does Thiamine deficiency effect attention? |
disrupts superior colliculus and IOR --> imparied eye movements |
|
|
|
Could the thalamus be working improperly for people with attention deficits? |
possibly** thalamus is the gateway between subcortex and cortex, all sensory inputs go through. if pulvinar lesioned, monkeys have troubles w/ focus. |
|
|
|
How do monkeys and humans compare when performing Posner task? |
show similar response times. monkeys slightly faster but overall pattern is the same. |
|
|
|
Is one hemisphere more responsible for attention than the other? |
Attn to LVF = activation almost entirely in right hem. Attn to RVF = activation in both Left and right hem. Suggests right parietal cortex plays larger role in attn. than the left. |
|
|
|
which two lobes play an important role in covert orienting? |
parietal and frontal |
|
|
|
Frontoparietal network |
cortical areas in the frontal and parietal lobes work together to mediate attn shifts. |
|
|
|
Intraparietal sulcus |
serves as a boundary between the superior and inferior parietal lobules almost always active in attention, thought to play a role in orienting of attn. |
|
|
|
Parietal lobe Subregions |
intraparietal sulcus superior parietal lobule inferior parietal lobule temporoparietal junction supramarginal gyrus superior temporal gyrus |
|
|
|
Temporoparietal junction |
Divides the temporal and parietal lobes. activated when the target becomes detected. more likely to become activated if target is at an novel location and is relevant to the task. appears to play a role in processing of targets after their onset |
|
|
|
Frontoparietal Orienting Networks |
1. Bilateral dorsal: consists of the IPS and FEF, plays role in voluntary, goal-driven attn shifts 2. Right-laterlized ventral: consists of the TPJ and ventral areas of frontal cortex (VFC), responsible for reorienting attn to unattended stimuli |
|
|
|
How is the ventral network of the Frontoparietal orienting network, like a circuit breaker? |
when the ventral network detects a task-relevant stimulus outside the current focus of processing, it may interrupt the ongoing activity of the dorsal network with a signal that enables redirection of att. |
|
|
|
Describe the role of the dorsal network of the Frontoparietal Orienting Networks |
operates in both hemispheres, input from FEF provides signal to IPS, which then send to visual areas. shows enhanced activation after presentation of locations cues indicating where activation is the be voluntarily shifted. required to precisely locate stimuli |
|
|
|
What is the function of the Ventral network of the Frontoparietal Orienting Networks? |
composed of the right TPJ and the right ventral frontal cortex. Shows enhanced activation after detection of target and when targets appear in novel locations. plays a role in initiation of stimulus-driven attn shifts toward salient new stimuli |
|
|
|
Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task experiment |
method: ss look at two streams of letters in left+right visual fields. when digit appears, instructed to maintain or shift focus to other stream. Findings: every time attn switches between streams, superior parietal lobule (SPL) activated. |
|
|
What did the findings of this study indicate? |
SPL activation occurs when switching attn regardless of if its auditory or visual |
|
|
|
what are the 3 attention networks? |
1. Orienting 2. Alerting 3. Executive |
|
|
|
Supramodal orienting network |
FEF, IPS, TPJ, and VFC active regardless of sensory input. only thing that changes is the area that inputs being sent to |
|
|
|
Why do we need both fMRI and ERPs to study attention networks? |
fMRI too slow ERP quicker, but... (listen to lecture) |
|
